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A manuscript image of Pope Innocent IV excommunicating Emperor Frederick II at the Council of Lyon.

Medieval Public Relations Battles

Review of The Two Powers: The Papacy, The Empire, and the Struggle for Sovereignty in the Thirteenth Century, by Brett Edward Whalen (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019)
… documents written to persuade the public, Whalen uncovers a communications battle between the papacy and the Holy Roman … and the Holy Land, they often disagreed on how best to accomplish these goals. Because they agreed on so much, the … siding with either the pope or emperor, when in fact their complaints were far more localized. These were issues of …
Kagan, Obama, and Roberts before her investiture ceremony, October 1, 2010.

How Empathy Makes Superior Judges – and Justice

… to the Supreme Court.   T.R. recognized that those who become judges invariably have had close association with … which he has not drawn his clients.”   If anything, Obama’s comment was more neutral than Roosevelt’s. Roosevelt twice … the majority opinion, tried to understand the impact of imposing a racially motivated penalty on innocent Americans.   …
photo of FDR.

Picking Up Where FDR Left Off

… the economic crisis ripples through the world, some liberal commentators say that the only solution to it is a … relatively open, non-discriminatory exchange, which we have come to call "free trade."   Even before the United States … It aims to prevent not individuals but nations from sinking into abject poverty. The IMF or the WTO are not …
Cover of The Blue Tattoo: The Life of Olive Oatman by Margot Mifflin.

Taking it on the Chin

Review of The Blue Tattoo: The Life of Olive Oatman, by Margot Mifflin (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009)
… region called Bashan, a part of the Colorado-Gila Rivers basin.  The journey was ill-fated from the start.  By the time … Olive remade herself into a proper Victorian lady, complete with a child (the couple adopted) and a beautiful … activist.  Olive's story is fascinating; Mifflin combines an inherently intriguing story with good writing …
A Biafran child suffering the effects of starvation due to the federal blockade during the Nigerian Civil War

“No Victor and No Vanquished” - Fifty Years after the Biafran War

… and cultural challenges. The crisis that would become the Nigerian Civil War began on January 15, 1966 when a … a military body led by General Johnson Aguysi Ironsi, the Commander of the Nigerian Army, who was also Igbo. The dominance of Igbo officers in the coup, the assassination of the top northern politicians and the transfer of …
John Filo's iconic photograph of Mary Ann Vecchio kneeling over the body of Jeffrey Miller

Kent State after Fifty Years

… politically or culturally inert as many observers then and since have insisted. But that is precisely why the shootings … antiwar movement, Black Power, and the generation gap had come even to Ohio. As the iconoclastic journalist I.F. Stone … Guard moved on campus and pushed students from the central Commons back toward the dorms. Having done so, the Guard’s …
the U.S. Constitution, COM Library, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Why Getting Rid of the Filibuster Is Still a Good Idea

… Democrats are making a major mistake by opposing filibuster reform. By opposing the proposal of Sen. … anti-democratic, inefficient, and a symbol of legislative incompetence. Liberals in the earlier post-World War II period … that civil rights organizations in the 1950s placed committee and filibuster reform at the top of their …
Cambodia's Prime Minister Hun Sen in 2012.

War Crimes: The “New Era” Looks Like the Old

… surface of this dispute is a fundamental clash between the competing claims of national sovereignty and universal human … Augusto Pinochet, former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Cuba’s Fidel Castro and others. The irony is that as … gave way to national sovereignty. When the United Nations recommended holding the Khmer Rouge war crimes trials under …
Col C.B. Winders shooting a gun in the 1910s.

Reconstructing the Second Amendment

… the past that is highly selective. One of the many embarrassing truths about the debate over the right to bear arms … Amendment does not prohibit robust gun regulation, it compels it. Today’s gun rights ideology is antithetical to … about an obligation citizens owed to their government and communities to contribute to public defense. They also …
Heroin bust.

Devising a Drug-Free World (Prologued, Season 2, Episode 3)

… Devising a Drug-Free World (Prologued, Season 2, Episode 3) … Episode 3: Devising a Drug-Free World Brionna Mendoza Previously on … on Drugs, it isn’t colonial China or Japan or Mexico that comes to mind…it's the United States. And for good reason. … a staggering 100% with the intent to not only block it from coming into the state, but also to express a clear rejection …
Pope Francis smiling from inside a car as he leaves the White House in 2015.

Embracing the Pope–Selectively

… Protestants. Evangelical-Catholic relations have come a long way over the last generation, but for all their … priests would settle in the American West and use their “sinister influence” to undermine the creation of Protestant … affirming what these two branches of Christendom hold in common. And in the best-selling Christian novel, “Left …
Pakistan to US Student Exchange Program, July 2011.

Captive Scholarship Serves Nobody Well

… world, the more necessary a knowledge of foreign nations becomes. Yet Congress is trying to handicap that endeavor by … oversee funding, investigate grantee activities and make recommendations on how international studies programs “might … revolutionaries tends toward the tautological: since so many academic studies discover that current U.S. …
Refugees crowded emergency trains leaving to India or Pakistan c. 1947-1953

India-Pakistan Partition

… into two separate, independent states. The violence that accompanied partition, which led to the death of up to a … India, Nehru insisted upon a united India that encompassed the entire subcontinent. The British meanwhile, … on June 3 rd across British India, Nehru, Jinnah, Baldev Singh (as representative of the Sikh community), and British …
The Champs Elysees crowded with French patriots after the liberation of Paris in 1944.

We Didn’t Go It Alone in 1944

… fries” and accused the French of cowardly betrayal for refusing to follow the White House into war. Now, with a chance … policies now causing so much trouble in Iraq. When it comes to remembering World War II, Americans should be more … Nazis’ genocidal agenda. Unlike Americans, the French also commemorate all fronts of the European war. During the Cold …
100 and 10 US dollars banknotes.

Inflation — Fighting the Last War

… party favorite and a new member of the Congressional Super Committee, wrote an op-ed in which he said that “excessive … others are fighting the last economic war.  And we are losing the current one as a consequence.   In order to … as unemployment dropped, inflation rose, and vice versa.   Since 1980, however, our goal has been “low inflation,” and …

America's Long-Suffering Mental Health System

… wake of a mass shooting such as the one in Parkland, FL, commentators, pundits, and politicians all gather around to … suffered a major bought of depression. A vigil for increasing mental health care at Cook County Jail in 2014 (photo … of mental illness on life quality of life and health outcomes are significant. Individuals with severe mental …
The other side of The Shore, depicting the Maritime House, third from the left. The former headquarters of the National Seamen’s Union are now flats.

A Postcard from Leith, Scotland

… your right, you will encounter the upscale whiskey house, complete with nineteenth-century stone walls that feature … Yet, if you look to the left, you’re met with the surprising sight of the Banana Flats, a brutalist-style building … hundreds of years. The first evidence of maritime industry comes from the 12th century but it gained notoriety …
'What Hath God Wrought?': The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, by Daniel Walker Howe Book Cover.

Mr. Bush Meet Mr. Jackson

Review of 'What Hath God Wrought?': The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, by Daniel Walker Howe (Oxford University Press, 2007)
… Daniel Walker Howe wrought? The answer is a sweeping and commanding synthesis of the political and economic history … Jackson. Jackson emerges from this book as a villain whose sins were many and they reverberated for many years. Howe … supremacy, resolute and explicit, constituted an essential component of what contemporaries called 'the Democracy' – …
President Gerald Ford in 1975.

The Forgotten Virtues of Gerald Ford

… he appeared before a joint session of Congress and pledged “communication, conciliation, compromise, and cooperation” … physical changes at the White House, such as a more congenial seating arrangement for East Room press conferences, … have wiped out valuable institutional memory while increasing polarization. Ford’s politics reflected his …
Sheikha Mozah

Beyond the Veil: Women in the Mideast and North Africa

…   Mark Sokolsky  Welcome to History Talk , the podcast that brings together a … and North Africa, the question of women's rights frequently comes to the fore. And generally the overall impression is … to that, in Turkey, the headscarf issue has been a problem since the Kemalist reforms, because Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, …
Rush hour traffic in Interstate 95 in Miami.

Finally, Too Many Cars

… starting to remake Maxwell Motors into his future Big Three company. In 1922, there was one registered passenger car or … of a car (or two) in every driveway.   From Keystone Cops comedies to contemporary movie chases to sophisticated art, … automobile. Take this example: 1922 was also the year that Sinclair Lewis published his satirical novel about George F. …
Protester opposing gay marriage in Boston, 2007. The sign compares gay rights in the U.S. to Nazi, Germany.

Gays, Nazis, and the GOP

… The following year, they established a "Central Office for Combating Abortion and Homosexuality."   Like the … and inverts, but requires instead straightforward and sincere manly souls," one propagandist wrote, "and so we must combat homosexuality with the means available to …
Image of Adonis on a red-figure squat lekythos.

Easter: A Season of Renewal

… Hills, in Asia Minor, believed that their god Attis, who committed suicide when frustrated in love, returned to life … through the ages, took their belief in resurrection from a single source, but other, geographically separated … of life from death, symbols of fertility and hope, the welcoming of a re-awakened earth have spanned culture and time …
President bush delivers remarks in 2008

President Bush at His — and Our — Crossroads

… powerful opposition in the Congress.) Bush talked of pressing again for changes in the Social Security program (his … showed too much sympathy for southern interests. They complained that he would not compromise with diverse and powerful political groups in the …