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The headquarters of the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage in 1911.

The Nineteenth Amendment

… amendment nor the journey after it were straightforward. Some property-owning women had the opportunity to vote … petition drives and abolitionist stump speaking were lessons in political mobilization for women, such as Maria … however, white women had greater access to the ballot box compared to women of color. The continued disenfranchisement …
Arnold Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver in 2007.

An Immigrant in the White House? But Will It Be Arnold?

… they should be careful what they wish for. In order to become president of the United States, the Constitution stipulates that a person must be at least 35 years old, have spent the past 14 … Hamilton never became president; his clause essentially died with him when he was shot in a duel in 1803. But the …

A New Congo Crisis?

… for current president Joseph Kabila to step down. It has become a cliché to contrast the Congo’s tremendous economic … the pockets of the industrial and political elite there. Europeans became rich as minerals, commodities, and wealth … his troops (a significant percentage of whom were child soldiers), reached the capital of Kinshasa in a mere seven …
Former President Jimmy Carter

Putting Ex-Presidents Back to Work

… Baker as co-chair, Carter will lead a national bipartisan commission on election reform. His prestige and experience … awareness and raise funds for the nations devastated by the Southeast Asia tsunami. Roles for former presidents are not … years these two very different men worked together to feed Europe and reorganize the executive branch of the federal …
People arriving at Ellis Island in the early 20th century.

Noncitizens have the obligations of citizens-so why not the right to vote?

… in local, state and even federal elections. Noncitizens also held public office. In a country where "no taxation … revolution, such a proposition was not far-fetched. It was common sense that government should rest on the consent of … the laws that govern citizens, serve in the military and die defending the United States. Their numbers are …
Hurricane Sandy Rockaway

Hurricane Sandy Should Inspire New Ways of Building and Living on the Seashore

… As places where water and land coexist, where, as Rachel Carson put it, “today a little more land may belong to the sea, … owners and land developers, and in the process have become increasingly vulnerable. They have become the hard edge … the Japanese erected tsunami stones at the high-level points of sea surges, but in recent decades even they have …
Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on Florence Owens Thompson, age 32, a mother of seven children, in Nipomo, California, March 1936.

Another Great Depression?

… Here's why.   The Great Depression was the result of the combination of the 1929 financial crisis and serious … these factors cut deeply into business investment and personal consumption. The consequence was a downward spiral … It was pumped up by over-lending by banks and financial companies and over-borrowing by Wall Street. Rising interest …
The supreme court of Massachusetts sits at the John Adams Courthouse in Boston.

Gay-Marriage Decision: Just the Beginning of the Debate

… before all slaves in Massachusetts would be set free, the Commonwealth v. Jennison case of 1783 ensured that slaves could successfully sue … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …
Photo of Eugene V. Debs from 1900.

Let’s Hear It for the Losers!

… presidential losers of the American past. Yes, the time has come for all true lovers of trivia to stand up and be … for the losers. In the spirit of the Millard Fillmore Society, whose basic purpose is to preserve the anonymity of … If Clay felt betrayed, he would have a great deal of company as a perennial also-ran. Other men ran for the …
Thomas Jefferson, founder of the University of Virginia, enslaved more than 600 people in his lifetime.

Ivy and Slavery

… in slavery now and back then people had different values.” So why should we impose our standards of morality on … it difficult to break free from the constraints of their communities, for many churches, political parties and laws … And it educated others to follow in those steps. It should come as no surprise that its students accepted slavery. …
President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967.

How to Intervene and Get Out

… the Dominican capital, to stop what it believed was a communist insurgency there. The action was heavily … spot and focused all its might there. It then set up checkpoints and searched houses one by one. Weeks after the … for the aftermath than many said were needed. U.S. soldiers soon spread themselves too thin. It took them more …
John Filo's iconic photograph of Mary Ann Vecchio kneeling over the body of Jeffrey Miller

Kent State after Fifty Years

… “police riot” in Chicago—all captured the period’s fraught social dynamics. The Kent State killings, by contrast, were … antiwar movement, Black Power, and the generation gap had come even to Ohio. As the iconoclastic journalist I.F. Stone … back at the Guard. Some chucked rocks; others jeered the soldiers. Many students described the atmosphere as almost …
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum with a sign announcing the 70th anniversary ceremony.

A Postcard from Hiroshima

… of the bombing and was able to witness how the Japanese commemorate these tragic events. Hiroshima Peace Memorial … hours after the bombing, she saw victims who were burned so severely that they had little skin left on their bodies. Several cried out for water, though when she fetched …
Courtesans such as Lilly Langtry (in this 1885 photograph) are claimed to have started utilizing underwear as tool of seduction.

Where’s that Sexy History Under There?

Review of Exposed: A History of Lingerie, by Colleen Hill (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Yale University Press, 2014)
… as supermodels strut about on TV. This claim, however, is something the Baronne d’Orchamps wrote over one hundred … - mostly through means of fashion photography and short accompanying descriptions - Hill attempts to describe lingerie … that also tap into the larger meaning of how women’s bodies are perceived in general society. The story of lingerie …
Sir Winston Churchill in 1945.

Churchill on Iraq: “Living on an Ungrateful Volcano”

… appropriate. President Bush appears to think that he can somehow escape the lessons that the past can teach us and … the Arab officials of Iraq’s British-backed King Feisal “incompetent.” He noted the gross over-expenditure of monies in … American troops from that nation now. Shannon Monaghan studies history at Yale University and writes for the History …
Engraving of René Descartes.

A Triumph for Religion as Well as Science

… thoughts. Christians troubled by evolution should not seek solace in Intelligent Design. Why not? Because Christianity … and natural theology was a debate within the scientific community of the day. Within the modern scientific community, there is no debate; biologists disagree on the …
June 4th, 2014, at Hong Kong’s Victoria Park (Photo by the author)

Remembering Tiananmen: The View from Hong Kong

… In between memory and forgetting, there is commemoration . On June 4, 1989 a protest in Beijing’s … Kong’s Victoria Park (Photo by the author) The story goes something like this: In the wake of Mao Zedong’s death … But even those who survived would remember that they studied to “save the nation” ( jiuguo ). The students of 1989 …
A map showing China and the United States

Another Cold War? China This Time?

… affairs since the first half of the 19th century. When the Europeans, and later the Japanese, were carving out spheres … who were then fighting the founders of today’s communist government, a deployment almost unknown to … throw of Chinese territory, an estimated 260,000 Chinese soldiers poured across the border to push them and their allies …

'The World's Worst Humanitarian Crisis': Understanding the Darfur Conflict

… called it "genocide." The violence and destruction is often compared to the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. These tragic events … in Darfur lies a complex history of deeply entrenched social inequalities, an environmental crisis and competition … Development (IGAD), an East African regional organization, European countries, the UN, and the U.S. government. In 2005 …
Photo of A. Mitchell Palmer, a congressman from Pennsylvania who later became the U.S. Attorney General under President Woodrow Wilson.

Cracking Down on Dissent

… and privacy suggest that the government is once again resorting to spying on Americans who disagree with its … to keep close tabs on them. Spying on dissidents has become official policy since police departments were advised … I. Other “scares” followed. From 1938 to 1945 Rep. Martin Dies of Texas, no defender of civil liberties, chaired the …
Pledging his support, President George W. Bush talks via telephone to New York Governor George Pataki and New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani.

Wilson and Bush: Unready Internationalists

… President Bush is presiding over what is fast becoming a foreign policy disaster. The war in Iraq is a … dangerous world. Pundits have compared Bush to Woodrow Wilson because of his championing of democracy. A less … promise that he had kept the United States out of war in Europe. German U-boat warfare helped carry the country into …

How Public and Private Enterprise Have Built American Infrastructure

… ongoing capital campaign. Workers survey the damage after a commuter train crashed into a passenger car near Valhalla, … banking expansion, and offering direct and indirect subsidies to speed up development. The mixed approach to … of land grants. (Much of the private investment came from Europe, especially the United Kingdom.) An 1855 lithograph …
Jean Leon Gerome Ferris's 1912 illustration, The First Thanksgiving, 1621

Now, About that First Thanksgiving Dinner…

… Thanksgiving dinner: never has the history of a meal been so obscured by myth. Every year on the fourth Thursday in … are uncertain. The only documentary evidence of the event comes from the journal of Plymouth Colony’s governor, Edward … that the historical evidence of Thanksgiving is not as compelling as the myths that cloud our memories. It’s too …
A 1960s photo of a hallway inside the Philadelphia County Prison.

Have We Learned Nothing About Prisons?

… 26th anniversary of the horrific conclusion of the worst prison uprising in American history. And we’ve learned little … the world, trailing only Russia. The prison industry has become big business: billions of dollars are being spent on … reprisals and crackdowns on inmate reading material became common. Television replaced reading as the preferred source …