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Cover of The Battle of Adwa African Victory in the Age of Empire by Raymond Jonas

When Ethiopia Stunned the World

Review of The Battle of Adwa: African Victory in the Age of Empire, by Raymond Jonas (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press, 2011)
… and, due to a series of blunders by his subordinate commanders, his force was overwhelmed. Aside from numerous … Africa entirely. This domestic scene is important as the willingness of Italy to accept defeat ensured Adwa was an … his artillery outclassed those of the Italians. Jonas even offers the intriguing hypothesis that the supposed …
U.S. Marine Barracks in Lebanon

Ten Terrorists Attacks in History

… by failing to address the problems in Russian society that compelled the radicals to violence, Russian leaders … were killed along with Sadat, including the  Coptic Bishop of Egypt  and the Cuban ambassador.  In the short term, … were defeated they had killed 164 people and injured 308 more.  The attack is significant not only for its …
An artistic rendering of the observable universe by Pablo Carlos Budassi. It depicts the Solar System at the center, surrounded by other celestial bodies and galaxies, and cosmic microwave radiation and plasma left over from the Big Bang at the outer edge.

Top Ten Origins: The Universe’s Greatest Hits

… 13.77 billion years ago, our entire observable universe was compressed into the size of a peach and had a temperature of … the physics gets a little wonky. That said, we have good reason to suspect that at such extreme temperatures and … rate, inflating (hence the name) in size by at least 60 orders of magnitude in less than 10 -32 seconds. And no, I …
Sir Winston Churchill in 1945.

Churchill on Iraq: “Living on an Ungrateful Volcano”

… the lessons that the past can teach us and that history will treat his misadventure in Iraq well. Experience does … after month, year after year. Churchill declared the Arab officials of Iraq’s British-backed King Feisal “incompetent.” He noted the gross over-expenditure of monies in …
1935 cartoon by Vaughn Shoemaker in which he parodied the New Deal as a card game with alphabetical agencies.

The Auto Bailout: a Bad Deal

… stimulus package creates jobs elsewhere, its auto bailout will eliminate more than 500,000 jobs. Americans need an … spending that supports about four other jobs, these layoffs and dealer and plant closings are going to ripple … will do so by stimulating demand for the auto industry's goods. This will rescue the industry and lay the foundation …
President bush delivers remarks in 2008

President Bush at His — and Our — Crossroads

… showed too much sympathy for southern interests. They complained that he would not compromise with diverse and … urged a dramatic change in American policy. The President will not endorse the ISG’s advice to remove U.S. combat … and the beleaguered president escaped dismissal from office by only a one-vote margin in the Senate. Although …
The Beatles, upon their arrival at Kennedy International Airport in New York City on February 7,1964.

“I Want to Hold Your Hand”

… crowd relentlessly screamed at the sight of them.  Still to come were the increasingly more abstract and innovative … soon after. Thousands of cheering fans waved the group goodbye early in the following February as the foursome took … the Beatles as themselves, which opened to smash box office success and was accompanied by a top-selling album of …
An image showing slaves working on a plantation on the island of Antigua in the early 1800s.

After Abolition: Britain and the Slave Trade Since 1807

Review of After Abolition: Britain and the Slave Trade Since 1807, by Marika Sherwood (I.B. Tauris, 2007)
… slave trade. While the anniversary passed without too much comment in the United States, it was commemorated widely in … it uncovers a hidden history of depravity, hypocrisy, and willful blindness. Sherwood, an honorary Senior Research … supported an Anti-Slaving Squadron to catch slavers off the West African coast, many of the ships they …
This is the third Strasbourg astronomical clock which is located in the Notre-Dame Cathedral and was built in 1843, the first clock was built 1352-1354.

Paleotechnic Machines in the Middle Ages

Review of Medieval Robots: Mechanism, Magic, Nature, and Art, by E.R. Truitt (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017)
… heads that revealed the future, and automated gardens complete with metallic singing birds. In this book, E.R. … objects” that helped identify the difference between good and evil, living and dead, and proper or boorish … illuminates many of the automata Truitt mentions, and offers something for the enthusiast, student, and dedicated …
Transmission tower in Tennessee in the 1940s.

Back to the Future With Thomas A. Edison

… stubbornly. When it appeared he could no longer win by competing fairly, he tried playing up the dangerous aspects … include the cost of distribution. Problems with pollution will be another factor driving a move toward distributed … advances in technology. A century ago, we were very good at building bridges, buildings and dams. But if today …
This iconic 1846 lithograph by Nathaniel Currier was entitled "The Destruction of Tea at Boston Harbor"; the phrase "Boston Tea Party" had not yet become standard. Contrary to Currier's depiction, few of the men dumping the tea were actually disguised as Native Americans.

Tea Parties Then and Now — A Crucial Difference

… tax return forms are due thousands of tea party activists will converge on county courthouses, state capitals and Washington, D.C., to protest the federal income tax. As their name implies and their banners state, … by Republican president George W. Bush before he left office. The newly elected Democratic president, Barack …
President Carter shakes hands with General Torrijos of Panama after signing the Panama Canal Treaty

The Missing "Third" of the Third World

Review of Latin America and the Global Cold War, by Thomas C. Field, Jr., Stella Krepp, and Vanni Pettinà (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2020)
Zimbabwe Flag against a blue sky

Colonial Land Injustices in Post-Independence Zimbabwe

… from British colonialism on April 18, 1980. The nation commemorates this political milestone annually, with the … of resettlements for blacks called Native Reserves.  In 1930, the Southern Rhodesian government passed the infamous … Lancaster Agreement had a clause on land reform under the willing-buyer, willing-seller principle. White farmers would …
Cerro Rico of Potosí, c.1603. Courtesy Hispanic Society of America

“Mountains of Water:” The Great 1626 Potosí Flood

… Andean workers plus an even larger number of llamas, Potosí officials oversaw construction of a vast system of dams and … structures made from this earthen material were common throughout the Andes, and they were generally … the Great Potosí Flood of 1626, but it was wealthy elite unwillingness to invest in sturdy materials and back-up …
Tulsa aftermath. Jun 1, 1921.

In Oklahoma, Another Debate About Reparations

… in the city that a lynching was imminent. The proud black community, which was reading "radical" literature such as … As they decide what to do, Oklahomans are in good company. International discussion over apologies and … News Service. His book on the Tulsa race riot of 1921 will be published later this year. …
Cover of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750 by Odd Arne Westad.

Putting the Middle Kingdom in the Middle

Review of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750, by Odd Arne Westad (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
… interest in China's future place in the international community has grown. Odd Arne Westad explores China's foreign relations over the past 250 years to offer historical insights for understanding present-day … transnational activities, in the account of the last 30 years, individuals' roles fade out and are blurred by …
Pakistan to US Student Exchange Program, July 2011.

Captive Scholarship Serves Nobody Well

… world, the more necessary a knowledge of foreign nations becomes. Yet Congress is trying to handicap that endeavor by … of scholarly patriotism, has unanimously passed an act, HR3077, to bring one group of experts, those in international … “at odds with our national interest.” Congress is not offering new funds to international studies, but rather …
Stamp of Salvador Allende, the former Chilean president overthrown in 1973.

Regime Change: New Name, Dangerous Old Policy

… power that Iraqis assumed had gone forever. Surely some will respond, but we cannot assume they will be numerous … property, the rule of law, a willingness to make political compromises and to accept the outcome of free elections. In … fact, we have usually left the countries in question worse off than we found them. We turned Iran over to Shah Mohammed …
a corpse rising from the grave

Revenants, Vampires, and Ghosts, Oh My! European Folklore and the Supernatural

… iteration of vampiric legend. From Robert Eggers’ 2024 box office smash-hit Nosferatu to the early 2000s obsession with … sometimes glitteringly attractive, creatures come from? While not an exact replica, the myths and legends … at least in the English-speaking world, until the 1730s. As such, it is important to note that premodern peoples …
Emperor Hirohito of Japan in 1971.

Playing Fast and Loose with Historical Analogies

… was the reinterpretation of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Comparing President Kennedy’s action and President Bush’s … still important, minorities. Rivalries among these groups will complicate any reconstruction effort. Rushing forward … devoted mostly to helping people survive and to restoring order, but years of efforts to convince Iraqis to adopt …
Patrick Henry Addressing the Virginia Assembly. Lithograph from the painting by A. Chappal. Engraved by H. B. Hall.

A Time to Listen

… to 79. Had Henry chosen to fight, Mason's fears might have come true. The infant nation was fragile. In Massachusetts, … Henry said, "I shall have [been] . . . overpowered in a good cause. Yet I will be a peaceable citizen!" "I wish not to go to …
Mourners picket after the Triangle fire. Their signs, hung with black crepe, accuse shop owners of graft, locked doors, and managing workers in fire traps.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

… Brown) Building near Washington Square Park, was not a sweatshop, but a modern factory in a state-of-the-art structure. … watching scores of young women and several young men die, combined with the awful realization that this tragedy could … steeled the determination of workers, activists, and public officials to ensure that disasters like Triangle would never …
A card celebrating March 8 as International Women’s Day.

International Women's Day

… who demanded economic and political equality, on a day officially dedicated to “the female workers’ causes.” The … break with socialist tradition. Though ideologically committed to human equality, socialists had long argued that … The Austrian-Hungarian Empire alone witnessed more than 300 demonstrations. In the following years, similar events …
scene from the video game Valiant Hearts, The Great War

Top Ten Origins: Historically Themed Video Games

… (1994) Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI) began developing computer games in 1979, but only established itself as a … into key engagements of the war, like the Meuse-Argonne Offensive and the Battle of Vittorio Veneto. To make … figures involved. 5. Brothers in Arms: Road to Hill 30 (2005) Ubisoft Entertainment and Gearbox Productions set …