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Las raíces del estado de fallido venezolano

… entre 1974 a 1979  que en toda su historia independiente . De hecho, durante este tiempo,  Venezuela gozaba … y Buicks y la clase alta famosamente se lanzaba de compras a Miami donde eran conocidos como los del “dame … Cientos de miles de venezolanos han tomado a las calles para protestar contra el gobierno y exigir elecciones. …
State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen Book Cover.

The Anatomy of the Military-Industrial Complex

Review of State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2012)
… to the nation he coined the phrase "military-industrial complex." Eisenhower used that address to issue a warning to … spirit as well. In this book, Koistinen explains how that complex (he abbreviates it MIC) came to be and how it has … of economists like Seymour Melman and others who have studied the question. He juxtaposes the growth of military …
One of Havana's plazas without a church.

A Postcard From Havana, Cuba

… the American imagination. America’s fixation on Cuba’s Communist government has led to many regrettable results: … by a domino-theory fear that tiny Cuba would bring about communist revolutions throughout the hemisphere. It wasn’t … received support from the U.S. as a bulwark against communism. Hotel Ambos Mundos, where Ernest Hemingway lived …
 This is the logo of the Heaven's Gate cult.

Gullible Americans?

… of the Heaven’s Gate suicides now blame everything from comets to cults to cyberspace to the dead themselves — the “weak” among us, as commentator David Gelernter put it. Perhaps when we have … leaves many Americans unprepared to confront life’s complexities, challenges, and disappointments? More than a …
President Obama and McChrystal in the Oval Office in May 2009.

The Presidents and the McGenerals

… The furor over comments made by Gen. Stanley McChrystal and his aides to a … — are limited.   Yet many Americans still expect our soldiers not only to hunt down the enemies of the United States … product of long-standing ambivalence. On the one hand, soldiering is among the most honored professions, certainly far …
Abraham Lincoln Campaign Poster 1860

"Great God, What does it Mean?" - Lee's Escape at Williamsport

… history is the Battle of Gettysburg. While many will commemorate the battle itself, the decision not to press … and gravel roads in makeshift wagons, begged to be left to die. Cavalry guarded Lee’s precious supplies as the army, in … the conservative clique, fumed later that “The national soldiers … wished with a united voice to be led to the work of …
French troops under Charles VIII entering Florence, 1494.

The Blood Behind the Beauty

Review of The Beauty and the Terror: The Italian Renaissance and the Rise of the West, by Catherine Fletcher (New York City: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… Brutal violence is not typically the first thing that comes to mind when observing the artwork of the … Renaissance’s greatest masters. For many, this art has become synonymous with the beginning of a new era and the … uncommon for military men (whether they be common foot soldiers or officers) to record their own impressions and …
An engraving of Earl Cornwallis's surrender to George Washington during the American Revolution.

Hollywood’s American Revolution

… British regulars being routed by American Continental soldiers and a band of South Carolina militiamen led by … of the old monarchical, aristocratic imperial order embodied in Cornwallis and defended by the Redcoats. Not without … fire until ranks are broken and desperate hand-to-hand combat ensues. These scenes, realistic and at times surreal, …
Mr. Professor by Joan Carlsson, Flickr, CC BY-NC 2.0

Needed: A New Deal for Academics

… on faculty hires. Suddenly, new Ph.D.s found themselves competing with a hundred or even a thousand other candidates … despondent souls at any academic conference, squirming uncomfortably in their suits and waiting — always waiting for … — that we almost never ask this question. But answers are easy to imagine. English Ph.D.s could revise turgid …
An Armenian woman leans over her dead child near Aleppo, Syria,1915.

On the Armenian Genocide

… On April 24, 2015, much of the world will commemorate the centennial of one of the most highly … The result was the physical annihilation of the Armenian communities that had lived in the Anatolian peninsula for … into the Armenian Massacres of 1894-1896,” Comparative Studies in Society and History , XXIV, 3 (July 1982), pp. …
The Kaiser Permanente Building after the Northridge Earthquake in 1994.

California Freeways: Still Seismically Unsafe

… and undervalued, the seismic program was still incomplete almost two decades later when Loma Prieta struck … as the “Cypress Structure” collapsed, killing sixty-four commuters. Unlike most California freeways in 1989, the …
 Haile Selassie in 1942

Emperor Haile Selassie I Returns Triumphant to Ethiopia

… capital city, Addis Ababa. The Ethiopian Emperor was accompanied by battle-tested companies of Patriot guerilla fighters (the Arbanyoch). … Orde Wingate led Gideon Force and an assorted mix of Commonwealth fighters from Egypt , Sudan , and Kenya . …
A view of the World Trade Center in New York City

Responding to Terror: No Good Choices

… and anger are settling into a cold rage against whoever committed the atrocity and those who may be sheltering the perpetrators’ accomplices and families. But what must now be done? This is … weapons. At what point should we retaliate? When a million die in Boston or Seattle from a nuclear blast? The same …
Sacking of Rome.

Bush’s Road Leads Back to Rome’s Empire

… the Romans had paved for their own armies to travel. If war comes, Iraq will be using the computers and cell phones and radar it got from the United … dangerous road. Ira Chernus is a professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer …
Portrait of Benjamin Franklin by Joseph-Siffred Duplessis.

Apologizing for Slavery

… that has raged ever since. Apologizing for slavery has become such a controversial issue not only because few understand what it will accomplish, but also because even more than 130 years after … slavery is not only historically irresponsible, it is the easy way out of a much more complex racial dilemma that only …
World War II poster of American, British, Chinese, and Russian soldiers shaking hands.

Patrick Buchanan’s Forebears

… he could have destroyed the Soviet Union. For Buchanan, Communism, with its rejection of free enterprise and foreign … by major Western politicians in the 1930s. It became the COMMON SENSE of the Cold War period. It lingers today. … One of these influential isolationists was Martin Dies, the Texas congressman who chaired the House Unamerican …
Cover of The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall by Mary Elise Sarotte.

…And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: A History of Contingency and Happenstance

Review of The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall, by Mary Elise Sarotte New York: Basic Books, 2014.
… irrevocably porous. But the events of November 9 did not come from nowhere. The fall of the Berlin Wall—as detailed … she instead writes the history of serendipity whose outcome was far from predetermined, even if it seems so in … authority of East Germany’s Socialist Unity Party (SED) was compromised; the leadership’s attempts to rebuild were …
Soldiers in Kosovo

Kosovo: The Lessons of History?

… “If our bombs are so ‘smart,’ how come they’re always hitting refugees, hospitals and … but if we listen carefully, their voices convey a sense of compassion, coupled with disappointment. Often stereotyped … But my students reminded me that such answers are never easy and that we must never rush to judgment. Ron Briley is …
Count Gaston aboard his Jeantaud electric, 1899.

The Jeantaud Electric Car Land Speed Record

… single kilometer. Although the only electric vehicle at the competition, the Jeantaud handily beat its gasoline-powered competition at the Parc Agricole d’Achères outside Paris.  … produce uni-directional currents in 1867. He opened his own company in 1870 and first introduced the efficient direct …
Hessian troops surrendering to General George Washington after the Battle of Trenton.

The Return of the Mercenary

… phenomenon. This is why Congress should examine the recommendations made in a 2002 British government Green Paper … sector military operators. Mercenaries — professional soldiers who fight for pay rather than out of ideological … of their day. The British hired more than 30,000 German soldiers — the famed Hessians, some of whom were defeated by …