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Gemini 4 astronaut Ed White in open space, 1965.

Human Spaceflight Began Fifty Years Ago This Month, But Not Much Has Happened Lately

… system and beyond.  Satellites make possible the modern communications, navigation, weather, and other space-based … environment of space.   Sending people into space has always been an inherently political decision.  Spending the … because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills."  Stirring challenges sound …
Woman reading inside a newsstand in the 1950s.

Journalists and the Bomb

… atomic bombing of two Japanese cities. Most reporters and commentators who write about Hiroshima and Nagasaki … of mass violence wasn't disturbing enough, its fondness for name-calling and half-baked historical theorizing … out to the public on Hiroshima anniversaries. Only in this way will Americans be able to honestly and critically …
Cover of The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York’s Destruction by Max Page.

The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York's Destruction

Review of The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York's Destruction, by Max Page (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008)
… in this appealing book. Page explains he conceived the idea for this project in the days and weeks immediately following … of the text.  In examining roughly two hundred years of comic, filmic, propagandic, and literary portrayals of the … the city itself has carried over into a fascination in the ways people have imagined destroying it.  It is clear that …
Cygnet, Ohio, in Wood County was a booming oil town with 13 saloons and many workers when this photo was taken in 1885.

An Energy Plan for You!

… Watch out for George W. and his gas and oil pals. They’ve got an … Dwight D. Eisenhower and Republican legislators took unbecomingly large financial contributions from the appreciative … and his gas and oil pals already seem to have persuaded the news media that supply is the problem. We don’t have enough …
An integrated classroom in Anacostia High School, Washington, D.C., in 1957.

The Unfinished Business of School Desegregation

… The 50th anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education has come and gone. But in celebrating its achievements we have … real needs for good schools is an issue that will not go away. The prominent African-American psychologist Kenneth … children to inferior and unequal education. Adina Back, visiting fellow at the New York University Institute for
President George H.W. Bush shaking hands with Russian President Boris Yeltsin at the Kremlin.

Russia — Ten Years After the Fall

… years ago that Kremlin guards hauled down the Soviet flag for the last time and Mikhail Gorbachev calmly resigned as … wanted to emulate. Now that they had been freed from communist oppression, many supposed, it would not be long … crusade” have not recognized that there are different ways to be missionaries. While some Christian evangelists …
neon sign that says Quiz with question marks around it

History Teaching: Still Crazy After All These Years

… which any high school can take pride.” Does this statement come from: (a) A 1987 National Assessment, after which … history failed miserably when confronted by items about Fort Ticonderoga, the Olive Branch Petition, or the Quebec … “Forrest Gump.”  Rather than pretending that we can do away with popular culture, let’s try a radically different …
Pakistan to US Student Exchange Program, July 2011.

Captive Scholarship Serves Nobody Well

… involved in the world, the more necessary a knowledge of foreign nations becomes. Yet Congress is trying to handicap that endeavor by … and a great deal of animosity toward the United States. Buying scholars never works. The nation’s security … History News Service …
Poster from a 2020 pro-choice rally that says, "If my uterus had a gun, would I have more rights?"

Theater of Cruelty

… is a revolution. An “alarming” decision would leave time for the pro-choice side to react, but Carhart has already … right. However, even this discussion of pregnancy did not come close to the corporeal character of Kennedy’s language … methods are often gruesome, Ginsburg yields to Kennedy’s way of portraying abortion. From now on, there will be no …
Photo of FDN & ARDE Frente Sur Commandas in the Nueva Guinea zone of Southeast Nicaragua, 1987

The Imperial Presidency Pushes Back

Review of Iran Contra: Reagan’s Scandal and the Unchecked Abuse of Presidential Power, by Malcolm Byrne (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2014)
… in Nicaragua. However, Congress was not easily swayed to provide aid for the counter-revolutionary Contras. … could operate off the books. Photo of FDN & ARDE Frente Sur Commandas in the Nueva Guinea zone of Southeast Nicaragua, … confirmed. After North and other actors did their best to destroy documentary evidence that could have …
Vice President Walter Mondale speaking with President Jimmy Carter.

Why the Vice-Presidential Nominees Will Be Presidential

… influence in the choice even after power began to shift away from them around 1940. Selection criteria emphasized … 1976 most presidential nominations have been evident before the convention. This early resolution has provided … and the technology of the information age meant that comments made anywhere are now instantly transmitted …
Cover of Conspirator: Lenin in Exile by Helen Rappaport.

Conspirator: Lenin in Exile

Review of Conspirator: Lenin in Exile, by Helen Rappaport (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2010)
… tossing bombs into the carriage of his successor.  Luckily for the Tsar, the inexperience and suspicious behavior of … and which the young Lenin read five times (14).  Lenin's commitment to activism strengthened in college, first at … managed to stay one step ahead of the Okhrana.  Along the way, Lenin's political ideas began to crystallize.  …
Chinese laborers work a sugar plantation in 19th century Hawaii.

A Sweet Beginning: the U.S. Sugar Monopoly

… we eat, this case effectively created the legal context for sugar to become ubiquitous. Look at any U.S. food label today and you … treatment from other governmental branches along the way. The  E.C. Knight  case not only unleashed the sugar …
U.S. soldiers in Iraq in 2007.

Nation-Building Demands Heavy Lifting

… disavowed the goal of “nation-building” by U.S. military forces. Since then, he’s reversed himself. But instead of … years after World War II, not a single U.S. soldier died in combat either in Germany or in Japan — in sharp contrast to … why we’ve got to be humble and yet project strength in a way that promotes freedom.” Since America’s national …
The Postcolonial State in Africa: Fifty Years of Independence, 1960-2010, by Crawford Young Book Cover.

Fifty Years and Counting

Review of The Postcolonial State in Africa: Fifty Years of Independence, 1960-2010, by Crawford Young (Chicago: University of Wisconsin Press, 2012)
… debt. A desire to demonstrate to the world the prowess of formerly colonized people thwarted by disease and civil … State , the preceding volume to this work, Young adopts a comparative approach. As he outlines in his introduction, a … armed insurgency, the author does not address more subtle ways citizens circumvent state authority on a day-to-day …
A pro-union demonstration in Romania, 2009. The flag translates to "Moldova Our Sister"

Moldova and Romania: A Long and Complicated Relationship

… Anderson famously defined nationalism as an “imagined community” binding together a widespread group of people … Romanian principalities: Wallachia and Moldavia (although always referred to in Romanian as Moldova , I opt to use this … was both the first foreign leader to congratulate Sandu and visit her in Chișinău.  The two presidents have held at …
Power lines.

Blackouts: Symptoms of Our Dependence

… year of anticipating “Y2K” has served to remind us that the computers we call “personal” actually answer to specialized … lever that permits drivers to roll up windows by hand.) Visit the hospital, and you will confront a forbidding array … and flashlights. Yet life in the United States has always proven precarious. What has changed is the character of …
Cover of Famine: A Short History by Cormac Ó Gráda.

Famine: A Short History

Review of Famine: A Short History, by Cormac O Grada (Princeton University Press, 2009)
For hundreds of years, would-be prophets have warned of that … visions of Malthus, Ehrlich, and other doomsayers have not come to pass.  Drawing on a rich variety of government … in the twentieth century, the United States led the way in providing state aid to other countries for famine …
The Brazilian flag and a soccer ball

Brazil’s Soccer Mania: An Example for the World

… ahead of any other national team. In view of the tremendous competition associated with the world’s favorite sport, … Children in every Brazilian neighborhood learn to perform extraordinary athletic feats on sandlots, grassy fields … and other countries if it draws the people’s attention away from important issues related to economic growth and …
The Titanic sailing from Southampton in 1912.

Is History Really Bunk?

… such surveys are not new. They have long furnished grist for the mills of both critics of U.S. education and … of the intergalactic wars of the Star Trek TV series become as important as the Civil War. An example of how … of public policy. Such communication and dialogue offer the best hope to revive education for citizenship and make the …
W.E.B. Du Bois c. 1911

150 Years Since the Birth of W. E. B. Du Bois

… Although he died more than 50 years ago, his life and work command more attention now than ever before. Many of his concerns, in some instances over a hundred … Souls of Black Folk (1903) , the work for which he might be best known throughout the world, is almost a rhapsody about …

Justice Denied: The Killing of Trayvon Martin in Historical Perspective

… Tallahassee hours earlier. Waiting for the verdict had become unbearable. On the charge of second-degree murder, the … I am broken hearted my faith is unshattered, I WILL ALWAYS LOVE MY BABY TRAY.” He added: “God blessed Me and … in the sleepy town a few days when he and several buddies visited a convenience store to purchase candy and cold …
French soldiers overrun Chinese troops during the 1860 campaign in the Second Opium War.

The Second Opium War

… Opium War (officially 1856-1860), a conflict that not only forced that narcotic drug deep into China ’s politics, … of Qing laws prohibiting the drug. After one Chinese trade commissioner captured and publicly destroyed British opium … ship seized by China on suspicion of piracy—reducing its complex causes to only its precipitating event. …
Alert soldiers on the Brandenburg Gate, during the Spartacist Uprising

Victorious Weimar: Reframing the German Revolution

Review of November 1918: The German Revolution, by Robert Gerwarth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… the debate over what historians have called the failed, incomplete, and even the forgotten revolution has been revived in recent years. … transform Germany into a modern, democratic state. In this way, Gerwarth’s book is a wonderful addition to the history … 1918: The German Revolution , by Robert Gerwarth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020) …