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Nationalist poster depicting Pakistani atrocities during the war

The Bangladesh Liberation War

… South Asia’s geopolitical landscape, it also bears a more complex and lesser-known set of legacies for how we think … on March 25, 1971. It pursued a policy of reprisal, targeting supporters of Bangladesh liberation and perceived … Cold War. Fearing that an Indian victory would pave the way for Soviet domination in the region, the United States …
Destruction in San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake.

Another Pearl Harbor? Not by a Longshot

… episodes of national trauma and managed to persevere. Unfortunately, in the case of Tuesday’s horrific acts of … Still, some have tried. The most irresistible historical comparison is to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on … here. These acts of terrorism are unprecedented in every way imaginable. That’s the most terrifying thing of all. …
U.S. Supreme Court building.

Tearing Down the “Wall of Separation between Church and State”

… between church and state" is a historically inaccurate, always misapplied metaphor that unnecessarily complicates our thinking surrounding religion and politics.  It's time for "the wall" to disappear. The authority often attached to … History News Service …
Israeli soldiers stand around their tanks during the Yom Kippur War.

The Yom Kippur War and the OPEC Oil Embargo

… The embargo, lasting from October 1973 to March 1974, targeted Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, Portugal, Rhodesia, … heavily on Soviet support for arms and many Arab nations welcomed Soviet aid. Nixon and National Security Adviser Henry … five percent. Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Minister, Omar Saqqaf, visited America and warned the Nixon administration that an …
The Battle of Culloden by David Morier

Top Ten Origins: Scotland and the United Kingdom

… it remains a part of the United Kingdom or separates to become an independent state.  As the prospect of an … meets at Westminster in London, was the only legislature for all four nations. While Westminster remains the UK’s … the will of Scottish nobles and landowners, paving the way for union with England and the creation of the United …
Cover of A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America, 1918-1920 by Dorothy Ann Pettit and Janice Bailie.

Before There Was Swine Flu

Review of A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America, 1918-1920, by Dorothy A. Pettit and Janice Bailie (Timberlane Books, 2008)
… was upgrading the recent outbreak of H1N1 influenza, more commonly known as "swine flu," to a global pandemic. … Frost, and also the less well-known, such as children Bridget and Mary McG., who recovered from the illness but lost … how the experience of the pandemic helped ease the way for the entry of the government into medical and life …

Making Sense of the 'Hermit Kingdom': North Korea in the Nuclear Age

… significant opposition, the Bush administration quickly complied with the terror-list demand (in return for certain … in 1996, "I will introduce you to tasty and healthy ways to eat wild grass." The United States, South Korea, and … Plan established in 1957 actually achieved its economic targets in four years. Especially significant, particularly in …
the word History in script

Why Study History?

… Trotting out George Santayana's hoary aphorism — "Those who forget the past are condemned to repeat it" — some people argue … implausible. History can promote human improvement, I've come to believe, but not in the didactic or formulaic manner …
Patrick Henry Addressing the Virginia Assembly. Lithograph from the painting by A. Chappal. Engraved by H. B. Hall.

A Time to Listen

… to 79. Had Henry chosen to fight, Mason's fears might have come true. The infant nation was fragile. In Massachusetts, … "done his duty strenuously . . . in the proper place." Together they had fought "in a constitutional way" and "the question had been fully discussed and …
Bande dessinée par Ali Delim pour marquer la vingtième anniversaire de la mort de Saïd Mekbel

1/30/2015: Les dangers d'être humoriste: Charlie Hebdo n’est pas le seul

… Hebdo a suscité une recherche profonde pour découvrir comment les hommes armés sont venus à être si irrités par … avec des conséquences mortelles leur colère envers des comiques dont le travail a été jugé blasphématoire ou opposé … les militants des groupes armés divers se réclamant d’une forme plus « vraie » de l'Islam ont tué trois humoristes : …
100 and 10 US dollars banknotes.

Inflation — Fighting the Last War

… old cliché about generals going into battle:  They are always fighting the last war.  Generals aren’t alone.   In the … party favorite and a new member of the Congressional Super Committee, wrote an op-ed in which he said that “excessive … a doubt.  When prices rise fast and furiously, life does get more difficult for all of us.  But it is not the threat …
The Pride Flag being hoisted onto the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington.

Hatred Aimed at Gays Hurts All

… the Matthew Shepard Act — known also as the Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act — a long and ugly … hands in public, embracing at an airport, or from being comfortable in workplaces where heterosexual family photos … underscores another lesson to be learned: heterosexuals too get bashed as gays. We often hear from gay men and lesbians …
poster supporting those lost in Pearl Harbor

Mobilizing for Common Purpose in the COVID Era

… Just how has American society mobilized for a sense of common purpose in the past? And why have we seemed to lose … vitally important to have a consensus holding the country together. A cartoon of Uncle Sam seated in a restaurant … and other New Deal agencies that Republicans hated to fade away, all the easier because the demands of wartime …
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, shakes hands with a US Air Force general officer prior to his departure from the United States

The Need to Talk with Iran

… sanctions or even use military action. But the best tactic for the United States is to open a dialogue with Iran. … weapon. Any potential United States-Iran dialogue would complement European efforts to persuade the Iranians to … a stable Iraq is in its best interests. But the process of getting Iran to cooperate on securing Iraq has to start …
The Fire of Rome, 18 July 64 AD, Oil on Canvas, Robert Hubert, 1785. In the Musee des Beaux-Arts Andre Malraux; Le Havre, France.

The Great Fire of Rome

… fire have long been questioned and debated, the academic community generally blames poor circumstances for Rome’s … night watchmen, the  vigiles urbani , clubbed their way against the flood of fleeing plebeians; some fought the … traces, or witnesses to interview. We are left pasting together mentions from Tacitus, Suetonius, and other sources …
Mikhail Bakunin speaking to members of the International Workingmen's Association at the Basel Congress in 1869.

Back When a Socialist Was a Socialist

… Kennedy!”   When Republicans singled out Barack Obama’s income-tax proposal and labeled him a socialist during the … Republicans to distort the image of socialism in their effort to scare the wits out of the public. Americans have … volume after volume. It needs to be that long in order to get all those tax benefits into the law. The tax breaks …
Two vials of modern insulin named Actrapid (left) and NovoRapid (right) by the manufacturers.

The First Insulin Injection as a Treatment for Diabetes

… a chronic condition that can have serious, life-threatening complications if left untreated. Diabetes is caused when the … first successfully used on January 23, 1922. The efforts to refine and distribute insulin therapy represented … date to the ancient Egyptians, over a millennium before the common era . Later, in the second century CE, the Greek …
President George W. Bush meets with his cabinet after his re-election.

The Founders Never Imagined a Bush Administration

… insisted that there can be no limits to the power of the commander-in-chief in time of war. More recently the … establishing "probable cause," attempts to assassinate foreign leaders and surveillance of American citizens. Now … prohibited by acts of Congress. The Founding Fathers, who always come to mind when the Constitution is in danger, …
Photo of Eugene V. Debs from 1900.

Let’s Hear It for the Losers!

… presidential losers of the American past. Yes, the time has come for all true lovers of trivia to stand up and be … for the presidency three times." Alas, how soon we forget! Two other "major party" candidates suffered a similar … six times and received no electoral votes. There are other ways of counting losers besides looking at the final …
Joseph Stalin

Dismantling a Legacy: The Last Days of Stalin

Review of The Last Days of Stalin, by Joshua Rubenstein (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015)
… up in a white cloud so thick that it could be seen the swaying shadows of the bare March trees. It was a terrible … a power struggle among members of Stalin’s inner-circle. Before Stalin’s death, a number of Jewish doctors had been … pardoned or remitted the sentences of prisoners whom had committed minor offenses. As they worked to dismantle …

Tradition vs Charisma: The Sunni-Shi'i Divide in the Muslim World

… in the Islamic world and the reasons why they have become so explosive in Iraq, it is hardly surprising that … in Northern Ireland, which have plagued that province for the last half-century. Protestants and Catholics there … states ruled by autocratic sultans, a process well under way by the 10th century CE, Sunni Muslim political theorists …
An official portrait of Vice President Dick Cheney taken in 2005

Cheney: Silent Partner to the President

… of the Bush administration written with the cooperation of former Treasury Secretary Paul O’Neill. Based on information … conceived.” Under Cheney, the vice presidency has become an extension of the presidency itself. Adams was not … a new level of power and influence. In his own unobtrusive way, Cheney has expanded the vice presidency into a vital …
Film poster for Pather Panchali (1955).

Top Ten Origins: From Bollywood to Indywood

… Multilingualism in India is as common as daylight. India recognizes 22 official languages … Sarbajaya (Karuna Banerjee), who must hold the family together with her husband away,; and his kindly and mischievous elderly “auntie,” Indir …