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Trade Wars: The Collapse of America's Free Trade Consensus

… appreciated the jobs, goods, and prosperity brought by international trade. But today that consensus appears to have … but demanded their expansion. In his 1958 State of the Union address, Eisenhower declared that free trade was “both … effectively against the business giants of the European Union and Japan (PDF File) . Mexican President Carlos …

Treaties and Sovereign Performances, from Westphalia to Standing Rock

… dramatic demonstration against the project, drawing international attention and support. Thousands of “water … ascribed sovereignty to Indian nations. In international law, sovereignty first emerged as the defining … sided with the Confederacy in the Civil War, the victorious Union obliged them in their peace treaties to emancipate …
Banksy mural of worker chipping star off EU flag

Brexit: Dividing the United Kingdom

… the entire world—by voting to leave the European Union. Nearly three years, later, however, the final outcome … situation. For more on the United Kingdom and the European Union, check out European Disunion: The Rise and Fall of a Post-War Dream? , Treating the …
Lydia Walker

Postwar Decolonization and its Discontents

… After the Second World War, national self-determination became a recognized international norm, yet it only extended to former colonies. … (or lost) archives. Personal connections linked disparate nationalist struggles across the globe through advocacy … state of Nagaland, which became a state in the Indian Union in 1963. And there were many different, not …
European Union flag

The EU: Past, Present, and Future

… , and Chris Otter to discuss the history of the European Union, an organization that has united Europeans in ways … we address the past, present and future of the European Union, that unique institution that has brought together 28 … states that had been trapped behind the Iron Curtain in Soviet dominated Eastern Europe, for the latter half of the …
Ukrainian refugees board a train in Lviv, February 2022.

West Ukraine’s War Stories: A New Chapter?

… battle in World War I and where Nazi Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Union embarked on their plans to divide and conquer Europe .  Beyond its international significance, this region has also been central to …
Amish schoolhouse in 1941 Pennsylvania.

1/13/2015: Top Ten Origins: The Common Core Curriculum

… spectrum. For the left, represented largely by teachers’ unions, Common Core is an attempt to take away workplace … Wary of reactionary forces against federal intrusion, the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and … shared collective anxieties about falling behind the Soviet Union in the Space Race. Fear over international
flags of countries

Whither the Nation-State?

… and has been inscribed as the foundation of today's international system of law and order. Yet, over the the past few … the current Balkan crisis, the breakup of the former Soviet Union, inter-ethnic and tribal violence in various parts of … Global/Transnational
Women’s rights activists in New Zealand

One Hundred Years of National Women's Suffrage in New Zealand

… MILESTONES One Hundred Years of National • Women's Suffrage 1n New Zealand September 19th, … country :in world history to grant women suffrage on a national level. It was a time of great hope for the women … candidate" became the first country in the world to grant national female suffrage and the only country to do so …
a crowd of people holding signs. some signs read "Black Lives Matter" and "End Police Brutality" and Defund the Police"

Still Striving for a More Perfect Union in the Age of Black Lives Matter

What does Ralph Ellison see as stumbling blocks hindering Black Americans from entering the middle class? Have these stumbling blocks changed throughout time?
Grade Level
9-12
9
10
11
12
Teaching Area
African American History
US History since 1877
… Still Striving for a More Perfect Union in the Age of Black Lives Matter …

Treating the Symptoms: Northern Ireland’s Incomplete Peace

… both of Northern Ireland’s political communities: Unionists (almost exclusively Protestant, who favor the ongoing inclusion of Northern Ireland in the UK), and nationalists (almost exclusively Catholic, favoring a closer … the Nationalist (usually referred to as “Republican”) and Unionist (“Loyalist”) communities continued to use violence …
Israeli soldiers stand around their tanks during the Yom Kippur War.

The Yom Kippur War and the OPEC Oil Embargo

… Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union while also threatening the global economy. Before the … with Israel. These policies, along with failed international mediation, made peace impossible.  During the …

Breaking Up Is Hard to Do: America's Love Affair with the Two-Party System

… smackdown ! Intra-party moneyfights ! Dueling State of the Union rebuttals ! The Rand Paul Drone Filibuster and John … one of the two major coalitions fails to hold the reins of national power? How likely is a serious third-party … Democratic Party, most of which had either seceded from the Union during the Civil War or opposed some portion of the …
Mushroom cloud over the Bikini Atoll

Nuclear Tensions, Nuclear Weapons, and a Long History of Nuclear War

… countries’ access to nuclear weapons technology under international control. So how concerned should we be about … in a New START II Treaty," Stanford Journal of International Law Vol. 54, 2018 Matt Ambrose - The Control … of grappling with similar questions and issues, from the Soviet Union to the Cuban Missile Crisis to Chinese nuclear …
Buildings along a waterfront in China

China and Africa: Historical Perspectives on a Rising Power

… PRC, foreign relations, and Chinese media coverage of international affairs. And with that, let me pass the microphone … War. And then the second, the second conflict is the Sino Soviet split. So the Cold War understood as a conflict … by the Nationalist Party government and Taiwan. The Soviet Union was portrayed in PRC domestic media as a sincere ally …

European Disunion: The Rise and Fall of a Post-War Dream?

… unprecedented spirit of voluntary unification. The European Union (EU) has been a grand experiment in breaking down the … lit up the sky and Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy” (the EU anthem) rang through the ancient cobbled streets of Zagreb … has wrestled from its very beginnings with tensions between national sovereignty and greater integration. Greece’s …

Right-Wing Politics in India

… between the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Indian National Congress, though India is a multi-party … discussion about the rise of right-wing, religiously rooted nationalism in India. Since its creation in 1947 , India has … meant that the state of Jammu and Kashmir joined the union of India with the caveat that its residents were …
American nuclear missile from the early Cold War in its original launch silo.

A Basis for Hope in the Middle East

… yet the Cold War enemies, the United States and the Soviet Union, learned to build confidence and trust. A key step for the Americans and Soviets was the 1986 Stockholm Conference, which sought to … Diplomacy/International Relations … Global/Transnational
Three Afghan police trainees, sitting on ground with guns

Afghanistan: Past and Prospects

… I was a graduate student finishing my PhD when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan.   Scott Levi   My name is Scott … some ways analogous to what the Americans and other international actors have pursued in Afghanistan since then. So …
Defendants hearing verdict, Nuremberg Trial Photographs, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Elizabeth Duddy

The Nuremberg Judgment

Beginning on November 20, 1945, the International Military Tribunal consisting of representatives from the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union worked together to bring 22 former Nazi leaders and their organizations to justice.
… Beginning on November 20, 1945, the International Military Tribunal consisting of representatives … from the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union—the four major Allied powers—worked together to bring … from the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union worked together to bring 22 former Nazi leaders …

As Cuba and the United States Reengage: The Presence of the Past

… war in 1868.” Three days later, Castro told the Cuban National Assembly that “no one should expect Cuba to … importance to the political and commercial interests of our Union,” John Adams pronounced in 1823. “It is scarcely … Cuban foreign policy, specifically expanding ties with the Soviet Union. Simply put: Americans were aghast. How utterly …