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Cover of A Decade of Upheaval: The Cultural Revolution in Rural China by Dong Guoqiang and Andrew G. Walder.

The View from the Countryside

Review of A Decade of Upheaval: The Cultural Revolution in Rural China, by Dong Guoqiang & Andrew G. Walder (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2021)
An image comparing Communism to Naziism

Historical Analogies and the China Debate

… on the other hand, are a very different matter. Unfortunately, bad analogies have come to dominate discussions of China in the American press. … the bureaucracy he led. By contrast, heads of dynasties always saw themselves and were treated as figures who were …
Civil Rights March on Washington in 1963.

President’s Commission on Race a Failure

… President Clinton’s commission on race relations is dead on arrival. Most … members’ resolve and wisdom would move attention away from white and black bigots on the lunatic fringes. … simply don’t want to work. About the only thing most whites get outraged about are egregious public purveyors of racial …
Monica Lewinsky's official government ID photo from 1997.

Another Watergate?

… and persuaded her to lie about it had not been public for an hour before many observers were uttering sentences … at the Democratic national headquarters at the Watergate complex in 1972. An abbreviated list of what came to be … “a third-rate burglary.” So far, we have no proof that the latest addition to Starr’s amorphous investigation was even …
Mount Holyoke College

Historical Truth and Personal Truths

… as much troubled by dishonesty and other human shortcomings as other occupations. When scholars make mistakes, … are also custodians of public knowledge. They have always helped shape a nation's and a culture's view of itself. … they place upon the ethical weight of teaching and getting the past right. That's the one encouraging thing to …
Painted poster of Saddam Hussein riddled with bullet holes in 2003.

Hybrid Justice for Hussein

… the world agrees: Saddam Hussein should be held accountable for his crimes. But who should Saddam answer to — a domestic … former leaders have been brought to account for misdeeds committed while in office. But there are obstacles to trying … be brought to light. A mixed court offers us the best way to achieve this. Nikolas K. Gvosdev is a senior fellow …
A foreclosure sign in front of a home

Avoiding Market Meltdowns

… reacted by pulling their money from banks and trust companies. The stock market lost nearly half its value. J.P. … billion. Funding the rescue sharply increased the U.S. budget deficit. A painful recession followed in the early … on those mortgages. Almost everybody is threatened in some way by the risky practices. An estimated 1.7 million …
Mural of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. on Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia.

‘Til All the World’s an Ebenezer

… women, who saved the church that nurtured him and composed the movement whose spokesman he became. King was … the community that nurtured young King. "The church has always been a second home for me," he wrote. They were … and African Americans across the land a sense that together they could change the course of history. "My feets is …
A map showing China and the United States

Another Cold War? China This Time?

… who were then fighting the founders of today’s communist government, a deployment almost unknown to … poured across the border to push them and their allies away. The Chinese attack caused many influential Americans, … and we should continue to do what little we can to get China out of Tibet. And certainly we should remain …
A portrait of Slobodan Milosevic

Glory and the New World Order

… of years the kings of Europe sought glory through a combination of military victories like Lepanto, the great … united in the Grand Alliance and for eleven years pounded away at the French. By the end, Louis XIV's kingdom was no … be killed and maimed. Vietnam gave us a deep aversion to getting into such conflicts. It is an open question whether …
A memorial to the Heaven’s Hundred in Kyiv. Serhii Kemsky’s photo is in black and white under the words Nebesna sotnia.

Heroes Never Die

… that glosses over their unique perspectives and motives for participating in the protests. How are these heroes not … This was not the first time Yanukovych had been the target of mass mobilization. The last time, in 2004, Yanukovych … House. They used these diverse spaces to eat, sleep, get medical care, host film screenings, do media …
An integrated classroom in Anacostia High School, Washington, D.C., in 1957.

The Unfinished Business of School Desegregation

… The 50th anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education has come and gone. But in celebrating its achievements we have … real needs for good schools is an issue that will not go away. The prominent African-American psychologist Kenneth … children to inferior and unequal education. Adina Back, visiting fellow at the New York University Institute for
Lydia Vargo and Teamster with delivery wagon in Toledo, Ohio c. 1920.

The National Park Service Explores the History of Farm Labor in America

… of Chihuahua in northern Mexico migrated to southern California with four young daughters. The family caravanned up … With a sense of betraying la causa, I carried out mom's command. My mother was equally adamant that I was not to … the community to evaluate how best to promote the public's visitation of these landmarks and to educate the young and …
Poster from a 2020 pro-choice rally that says, "If my uterus had a gun, would I have more rights?"

Theater of Cruelty

… is a revolution. An “alarming” decision would leave time for the pro-choice side to react, but Carhart has already … right. However, even this discussion of pregnancy did not come close to the corporeal character of Kennedy’s language … methods are often gruesome, Ginsburg yields to Kennedy’s way of portraying abortion. From now on, there will be no …
Cover of Conspirator: Lenin in Exile by Helen Rappaport.

Conspirator: Lenin in Exile

Review of Conspirator: Lenin in Exile, by Helen Rappaport (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2010)
… and which the young Lenin read five times (14).  Lenin's commitment to activism strengthened in college, first at … managed to stay one step ahead of the Okhrana.  Along the way, Lenin's political ideas began to crystallize.  … of the idealism, intrigue, and external support which together spurred Lenin to launch the Russian Revolution.  …
Chinese laborers work a sugar plantation in 19th century Hawaii.

A Sweet Beginning: the U.S. Sugar Monopoly

… we eat, this case effectively created the legal context for sugar to become ubiquitous. Look at any U.S. food label today and you … treatment from other governmental branches along the way. The  E.C. Knight  case not only unleashed the sugar …
A refrigerator advertisement in The Ladies Home Journal, 1948.

The Feminine Mystique

… million mark, helping to spark a mass movement that transformed women’s legal status. Friedan’s book encouraged women … went on to Smith College, where she studied psychology and completed a year of graduate work at the University of … to understand their domestic predicament and find their own ways to break out of the feminine mystique. Given Friedan’s …
U.S. soldiers in Iraq in 2007.

Nation-Building Demands Heavy Lifting

… disavowed the goal of “nation-building” by U.S. military forces. Since then, he’s reversed himself. But instead of … years after World War II, not a single U.S. soldier died in combat either in Germany or in Japan — in sharp contrast to … why we’ve got to be humble and yet project strength in a way that promotes freedom.” Since America’s national …
The Postcolonial State in Africa: Fifty Years of Independence, 1960-2010, by Crawford Young Book Cover.

Fifty Years and Counting

Review of The Postcolonial State in Africa: Fifty Years of Independence, 1960-2010, by Crawford Young (Chicago: University of Wisconsin Press, 2012)
… debt. A desire to demonstrate to the world the prowess of formerly colonized people thwarted by disease and civil … State , the preceding volume to this work, Young adopts a comparative approach. As he outlines in his introduction, a … armed insurgency, the author does not address more subtle ways citizens circumvent state authority on a day-to-day …
A pro-union demonstration in Romania, 2009. The flag translates to "Moldova Our Sister"

Moldova and Romania: A Long and Complicated Relationship

… The two nations continue to build ties that bind them together.  The question remains, however: Is such a union … Romanian principalities: Wallachia and Moldavia (although always referred to in Romanian as Moldova , I opt to use this … was both the first foreign leader to congratulate Sandu and visit her in Chișinău.  The two presidents have held at …
Integrated classroom in 1955.

The Long-Term Legacies of Brown v. Board

… multi-cultural society. Ironically, re-segregation has become prevalent in some school districts while at the … intended to produce greater educational opportunity for minorities, have lowered admissions standards. Both … for counseling afterwards. Brown v. Board paved the way for significant opportunities in our society for both …