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Judge John G. Roberts, Jr. during a meeting with Senator Patrick Leahy on August 29, 2005

Give Roberts Some Breathing Room

… everyone’s mind. Roberts paused and replied that he would most likely recuse himself. It must have been an uncomfortable moment for both Durbin and Roberts, Catholic to … weight to this concern is the fact that Roberts will become the fourth Catholic on this Court — the largest number …
Portrait of Aung San Suu Kyi.

Burma’s Hope Imprisoned

… in southeast Asia, fully hopeful of joining the world community of free and independent nations. Burma is little … have been willing partners in reconciliation discussions mediated by the United Nations special envoy, Razali Ismail. … in southeast Asia, Burma’s $1,200 per capita annual income is now a fifth of that of neighboring Thailand, below …
Top view of engineer at desk with laptop, hardhat, and blueprints

Origins interviews the American Society of Civil Engineers

… Tom Smith   Sure. And by the way, the next report card will come out in 2017. What we do is we look at 16 categories of …   Okay, so there has been a little bit improvement in the most recent years, then. Tom Smith   Yes, in fact, none of … you know, just how bad some of our infrastructure has become? Tom Smith   Well, you know, in general, I'll just …
Isaac W. Williams (front) in a file photo from the 1960s.

Still Fighting the Civil War in South Carolina

… "has nothing to do with slavery."  He proposes that it is a commemoration of South Carolinians who "stood up for their … where the ball is to be held.   Candlelight vigils and costumed waltzes get headlines, but Monday night will be just one … white Charlestonians worked to memorialize slavery's most vocal champion, John C. Calhoun, who had died in 1850. …
President Edelmiro Farrell (left) and the Vice President and Colonel Juan Perón, in April 1945.

Argentina’s Day of Loyalty and the Birth of Peronism

… for nothing less than a total redefinition of the social compact. Peronism permeated and penetrated all aspects of … schools, from the football pitch to the radio waves, becoming the hegemonic discourse through which supporters … in January 1946. On 9 October 1945, rivals within the armed forces demanded Perón resign from his positions as Vice …
The Beatles, upon their arrival at Kennedy International Airport in New York City on February 7,1964.

“I Want to Hold Your Hand”

… suits, the way girls in every crowd relentlessly screamed at the sight of them.  Still to come were the increasingly more abstract and innovative compositions, the abrupt withdrawal from touring, the …
Detail of an 8th-century silk painting depicting Wu Zeitan.

Wu Zetian: The Only Woman Emperor in Chinese History

… the Sui and established the Tang dynasty. He rose to become Minister of Works, giving Wu Zetian an early taste of … her birth, at her father’s request, Yuan Tiangang—the foremost diviner of his day—studied her. Struck by her features, … wives and husbands on equal footing in death. She reformed ancestral worship, requiring that female ancestors be …
An array of non-lethal guns laid out on a table.

Taking a Big Bite Out of the Second Amendment

… example of politically motivated historical revisionism completes the task begun by John Ashcroft in 2001 in his … force would have certainly shocked the Founders. The most popular legal dictionary used by the Framers of the … University. He is the author of the forthcoming book, “‘Armed in the Holy Cause of Liberty:’ Guns and the American …
Cover of The Baron's Cloak by William Sunderland.

An Imperial Person

Review of The Baron’s Cloak: A History of the Russian Empire in War and Revolution, by Willard Sunderland (Cornell University Press, 2014).
… year, Russia’s legacy as an imperial power has suddenly become the stuff of current affairs. As Russian leaders assert … war. With eloquence and wit, The Baron’s Cloak brings a complex historical epoch to life and provides a highly … as a deel adorned with his tsarist army epaulettes and medals. For the Bolsheviks (who captured, tried, and …
Soviet soldiers riding on a combat vehicle in Kabul, Afghanistan in 1986.

The United States Must Learn From the Soviet War in Afghanistan

… meanwhile avoiding the kind of mistakes the Soviet Union committed — or it will risk a similar defeat. In 1979, Soviet armed forces invaded Afghanistan to prop up a communist … troops. The soldiers who fought in Afghanistan were mostly conscripts, hardly inspired to fight a war whose …
ELAS Guerrillas, 1943

The Greek Civil War, 1946–1949

… coups d’état and dozens of governments. Although Greek communists had been a serious threat to all Greece’s … the communists appeared to be gaining the upper hand in most of the country. In areas under their control they … to conduct guerilla warfare. In December 1946, they renamed themselves the Greek Democratic Army (DSE) and were …
Auguste Chouteau—Founder of St. Louis and Head of the Chouteau family

Blood Rules the Water: Kinship Diplomacy in Early America

Review of Masters of the Middle Waters: Indian Nations and Colonial Ambitions Along the Mississippi, by Jacob F. Lee (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2019)
… his reader back to a Middle America before Europeans, as commercial and military power shifted between Mississippian … were forced to create new ways for cultural and political mediation, Lee demonstrates that Francophones far away from … to place, Lee demonstrates that it is, in fact, a universal commonality shared by Indigenous peoples, Francophones, and …
 protests by the Yellow Vest movement

France at the Barricades, 1934

… street protests and fighting brought down the legally formed government. The Third Republic persisted and the … French cities. In fact, the riots of February 6 th have become shorthand to describe the protests and violence that unfolded over the next week, the most violent period of political protest in France since the …
American Jewish Loss after the Holocaust, by Laura Levitt Book Cover

American Jewish Loss after the Holocaust

Review of American Jewish Loss after the Holocaust, by Laura Levitt (New York: New York University Press, 2007)
… to describe the legacy of loss. Although the Holocaust has come to be widely commemorated in the United States, and … lays at the heart of her argument and analysis. For most Jewish Americans, the Holocaust is not a part of their … of recognition that is experienced as belonging, she almost wishes that these were her family photographs. For a …
The United Nations headquarters in Geneva.

Will We Turn the U.N. Charter into a “Scrap of Paper”?

… war,” Germany’s chancellor, Theobold von Bethmann-Hollweg complained as the First World War began. The “scrap of … Council, the administration were to launch American armed forces against Iraq. The Charter is a treaty, an … for the United Nations continues in the rest of the world. Most recently, as it began to seem that the United States …
A bison in Yellowstone National Park.

Why the Buffalo Still Roam

… hounded remnant of a herd that once numbered 30 million. Almost no one believed the buffalo could be saved from … one of the last expeditions to hunt the buffalo. It aimed to kill 20 animals for museum dioramas, so that visitors … ethics of the robber barons. Between 1871 and 1883, commercial hide hunters slaughtered buffalo by the millions. …
A barricade in central Berlin during the March 1848 uprising.

March 1848: The German Revolutions

… Yes, your Royal Highness, Everybody!” — Hanau People’s Commission to Prince-Elector Friedrich Wilhelm, 1848. On … Berlin and Vienna, the uprisings turned violent, with armed confrontations between the crowds and military units. And most notably, across the German Confederation, these crowds …
An art exhibition, probably in Moscow in 1964. Taken by Thomas T. Hammond during his travels in the Soviet Union.

When the Soviets Domesticated the West

Review of To See Paris and Die: The Soviet Lives of Western Culture, by Eleonory Gilburd (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018)
… from viewers and readers and more than 6,000 entries in comment books from exhibitions—Gilburd gives voice to Soviet … foreign relations during the Thaw, noting that one of the most important outcomes of the new policy of cultural … was first envisioned on paper and was later welcomed by Soviet citizens who enthusiastically participated in …
Soldiers from 3rd Infantry Division provide perimeter security for Iraqi policemen at a traffic control point in Tikrit, Iraq.

The Limits of Shock and Awe

… Smith returned to England, proclaiming his mission accomplished; but the Virginia Indian wars lasted for decades. … the willingness of people to give their lives in even the most bloody conflicts. The Gatling gun and its successors … this terror from the air." Any society would experience "a complete breakdown," as civilians, seeking to end their …
Theatrical poster for the American release of the 1952 film High Noon

War with Iraq: The Movie

… a villain and his henchmen threaten the safety of a western community, whose cowardly citizens cringe in the face of … No moral certitude like that of “High Noon” informed the typical Spaghetti Western. There was so much murder … the form of a “High Noon” morality play. Iraqis will welcome liberation, they say, and members of the world …
Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Soviet Ukraine in a Nutshell

… of violence and instability until 1922. Multiple communities of former tsarist imperial subjects imagined the … other languages. Indeed, Soviet Ukraine was one of the most diverse places in the entire Union. Soviet Ukraine was … raised the grain quotas for newly collectivized villages. Combined with bad harvests this led to the Holodomor , the …
Demolition of Alexander III Monument, Moscow 1918

Russia’s February Revolution and the Precarious Politics of Nostalgia

… To delay is impossible.” The tsar did not reply, instead complaining that “Again that fat-belly Rodzianko has written … into the First World War in 1914 . As those who have visited Russia know well, the First World War can seem … roads a proudly maintained memorial to the 97 residents—mostly Buriats native to the island—who died on a front …