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The flag of Ethiopia under the rule of the Derg, 1975-1987

Blind Aid: Lessons (Not Learned) from the Ethiopian Famine

… In the fall of 1984, Dr. Brigitte Vasset stood in the midst of … famine . As international aid entered the country, the Derg was allowed to continue its destructive war tactics. The … to cynicism, donor fatigue, and unintended consequences when aid actually makes the situation worse. By not trying …
A COVID-19 anti-lockdown protestor in Vancouver, Canada, May 2020

Going Viral: COVID Conspiracies in Historical Perspective

… As national governments and the global scientific community struggle to contain the … world found itself at war once again. This time, the enemy was far deadlier, moving invisibly through society. The … influenza in the camp…There was bound to be something wrong when the boys begun to die by the hundreds.” Governmental …

"Merchants of Death": The International Traffic in Arms

… In April 2012, Viktor Bout, perhaps the single biggest private arms trader in the world, was convicted in a New York court and sentenced to … guns and 28 million cartridges shipped from Hamburg. When Bodosakis received Spanish requests for arms, he passed …
El 5 de julio por S. Davies, Flickr, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

What’s Really At Stake in the Venezuelan Election

… On August 15, Venezuela will face the most important election in its history. It’s a critical … seize the opportunity to support democracy in Venezuela. When Venezuelans return to the polls on Aug. 15, the United … again. It is a strange irony that the very same people in Washington who lauded the military coup against President …
 Reagan in 1982.

Measuring Reagan for Greatness

… Ronald Reagan’s death, like the death of any president, raises the question of how he’ll … top ten — Bill Clinton (3), for example, outpolled George Washington (7) — seem unlikely to hold over the long term. … may never come to pass, but it’s still safe to say that when the history of the 20th century is written, the 40th …
Mao proclaiming establishment of PRC.

The Establishment of the People’s Republic of China and Its Impacts

… On October 1, 1949,  Mao Zedong (1893-1976) stood on the rostrum of Tian’anmen (The Gate of Heavenly Peace) and … balance of power in China. In 1937, the Chinese Civil War was temporarily halted as the two parties formed the Second … foreign invasions, culminating in the establishment of a socialist state that would play a central role both in World …
Cover of Apache Diaspora by Paul Conrad.

“Diaspora” as a Creative and Historical Force

Review of The Apache Diaspora: Four Centuries of Displacement and Survival, by Paul Conrad (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021)
… for words. Indeed, for historians of Native America, the way words are used to frame the Native past is critical. … ties of kinship linked together larger collectives. There was not historically (nor is there in the present day) one … as well as Cuba. In the end, the complexity of terms fades when the narrative emerges beyond the middle nineteenth …
The Soldiers' Home in Washington, D.C.

“What I Did On My Summer Vacation,” by the President

… of this month at his ranch in Crawford, Tex. By fleeing the White House, he continues a tradition of more than 200 … vacation can also help shape a great president. Washington became the nation’s capital in June 1800. … be this: Lincoln was one president who rested easiest when he was busy listening and learning. Matthew Pinsker …
Flag of the People's Republic of China

With Enemies Like These…

… Looking back over the stories relating to China that have appeared on the … near future) than those associated with Taipei (where it was feared only months ago that Beijing missiles might fly … bars, there can be much worse enemies to have than one who, when aiming across the seas, usually tends to end up doing …

Baptized in the Jordan: Restoring a Holy River

… Dressed in white gowns, the group of Russian pilgrims gathered silently by the steps … the river.” Her audience nodded and one girl complained it was too hot. The Russian baptism ritual completed, the … “stands on great vaults which are high enough for the times when the Jordan is in flood.” The sick and disabled also …
Cover of Atatürk: An Intellectual Biography by M. Hanioğlu.

Kemalism: "The Religion of the Turk"

Review of Ataturk: An Intellectual Biography, by M. Sukru Hanioglu (Princeton. Princeton University Press. 2011)
… As the founder of modern Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk … and technological advances of the time. Salonika was a great example of Ottoman cosmopolitanism (more than … East. 1 Not all Ottoman Turkish sources were available when the book was written. For instance, Presidential …
Greek amphora, or jug, from c. 540 BCE showing two hoplite phalanxes engaged in combat. Hoplites were the heavy infantry who formed the backbone of most Greek armies in the Classical Age.

A Fragmented History of Ancient Generalship

Review of The Classical Art of Command: Eight Greek Generals Who Shaped the History of Warfare, by Joseph Roisman (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017)
… Joseph Roisman’s  The Classical Art of Command: Eight Greek Generals Who … to provide case studies that show what Greek generalship was in the Classical Age. His rubric for measuring the … for later Greeks. Indeed, he even undermines his own claims when he notes that “it was rare for a Greek general to …
Opening ceremonies of the 1896 Olympics

Revival and Reinvention: the Olympic Games, Athens 1896

… In April 1896, participants from 14 countries converged on Athens to compete in a festival that was simultaneously ancient and modern. An artist's … to celebrate the London 2012 Summer Olympics. At the outset when the Games were relatively small, this did not prove …
illustration of woman getting cow pox variolation

Top Ten Origins: Vaccination

… vial with smallpox virus. Outbreaks of measles across the globe have once again set off the great debate over … dangerous diseases not only locally but globally. The Earth was declared smallpox-free in 1980; in 2000, the United … Neither vaccine, however, was used on humans. This changed when Pasteur developed a rabies vaccine after long …
Liu Bang, or Emperor Gaozu of Han

Liu Bang, from Peasant Rebel to Emperor

… “The two most far-sighted and influential political figures … – not to mention a remarkable degree of luck. Such a person was Liu Bang, who rose from obscurity to be crowned emperor … he was famously said to have ordered his chamberlain, when asked about the implementation of courtly etiquette. He …
Ruins of Chorrillos after the battle of January 13, 1881. Photograph by Eugene Courret. Glass Plate. National Library of Peru Collection.

The War of the Pacific and the Fate of South America

The War of the Pacific (1879-1884), which pitted Chile … Spanish-South American War (1864-1866). Initially, nitrate was largely exploited in the Peruvian Tarapacá region, but, … mainly led by Chilean and British companies. The mineral was used both as a fertilizer and in the manufacture of …
Tank in Syria

The Syrian Civil War: Alawites, Women's Rights, and the Arab Spring

… guests Ayse Baltacioglu-Brammer and Patrick Scharfe on the the civil war in Syria, which continues to dominate … to power into a 1970 as the first president. And he is, he was coming from a relatively well off family, Alawite family … and the state in that manner. Leticia Wiggins  And when did this state feminism, as we term it, develop and is …
A Sherman tank enters Fort Santiago

The Battle for Manila

… By the end of February 1945, the Philippine capital of Manila … republic soon after, but the U.S. Army awaited word from Washington as to the political status of the Philippines. … in a vain attempt to halt the bombardment. Nevertheless, when the fighting ebbed, civilians swarmed the American …
Robert Smalls pictured between 1870-1880.

The Remarkable Life of Robert Smalls

… In the early morning of May 13, 1862, several enslaved … the city. The architect of this daring escape to freedom was Robert Smalls, whose leadership and courage would go on … Carolinians . They could not be totally reversed, however. When Robert Smalls passed away on February 23, 1915, he died …
From the 2011 UN Climate Change Conference in Durban, South Africa.

Top Ten Origins: Climate Change

There is perhaps no greater challenge facing humanity (and … the planet. At other times in the Earth history, climate was much warmer, with no ice caps or glaciers at all. Many … climatologist Michael Mann and colleagues was controversial when first released in 1999. However, the temperature trend …
 Monte Albán

A Postcard From Oaxaca, Mexico

… Situated atop a large hill at an altitude of 5000 feet, the ancient city of Monte Albán was the Zapotec civilization’s cultural, political, and … surrounding Oaxaca City. Oaxacans look forward to the day when the daily wage they receive accords with the wealth of …
H.G. Wells’s novel, War of the Worlds, described hissing, tentacled, tripodal invaders from Mars.

Orson Welles’s “War of the Worlds” Radio Broadcast

… October 30, 1938. The first signs were those explosions.  The news interrupted … at regular intervals on the planet Mars.”  Whatever was happening, the gas was moving at enormous speed straight … on the audience was generally undermined in the 1950s, when the heirs to Cantril’s Princeton Radio Project …