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The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean, by Peter Earle Book Cover

The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean

Review of The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean, by Peter Earle (St. Martin's Press '07, $25.95, 292 pages, ISBN #0-312-36142-4; index, source notes, bibliography, unillustrated)
… most valuable colonial possessions in an era of uncertain communications and increased European competition. It also details the diplomatic problems faced … dilemma. Although English possessions in the Caribbean were less extensive, the government in London had as little (or …
Review of Ho Chi Minh: A Biography, by Pierre Brocheux (translation by Claire Duiker) Book Cover

Ho Chi Minh: A Biography

Review of Ho Chi Minh: A Biography, by Pierre Brocheux (translation by Claire Duiker) (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007)
… at the fringes of European and Asian societies, Ho's complex experiences have been canonized at home and abroad, with records from former communist territories off-limits, and formal writings from … man who moved in and out of the great political struggles of his times, influencing the trajectory of twentieth …
Hitler with politicians

The Nazis Take Poland and the Start of World War II

… on the first day of the war. The air offensive destroyed passenger trains, and machine-gunning columns of fleeing … intellectuals, nationalists, the clergy, the nobility, teachers, and prominent Jews. By December 1939, German … Polish soil and in the ensuing six years Poland became the site of a majority of German concentration camps. Though it …
Illustration of Agnes Sampson speaking to the Devil in human form. From The History of Witches and Wizards (1720).

The Execution of Agnes Sampson for Witchcraft in Edinburgh

… “North Berwick Witches” tried with her is exceptionally complex, involving politics, religion, magic, and conspiracy … by reciting for him verbatim the conversation that had passed between him and Queen Anne in the privacy of their … to kill them. The core of Agnes Sampson’s devilish treachery was, then, an amalgamation of religious, political, …
Crowd with sign: "Black Caucus for Chisholm"

"Earn Your Spurs" (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 7)

… in the years after Rankin’s election and the passing of the 19th amendment, many of these women inherited … as president of the NCN,W the organization deepened its commitment to the Civil Rights Movement, with Height joining … and some women prefer the republican party for the opposite reason, Sarah Paxton A lot of this partisanship is …
Film poster for Pather Panchali (1955).

Top Ten Origins: From Bollywood to Indywood

… Multilingualism in India is as common as daylight. India recognizes 22 official languages … life, director Mira Nair's visual narrative tells us its rules without seeming to force the story. One of her secrets … While occasionally heavy-handed — certain lengthy passages of dialogue and a uniting finale are two areas that …
poster supporting those lost in Pearl Harbor

Mobilizing for Common Purpose in the COVID Era

… Just how has American society mobilized for a sense of common purpose in the past? And why have we seemed to lose that sense of common … in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic and the struggles against racism and police violence ? At different … Mobilizing for Common Purpose in the COVID Era …
Holding a copy of ”Selected Works of Mao Zedong," Red Guards are featured on the cover of a Guangxi elementary school textbook, 1971.

"Mao's Last Revolution": China's Cultural Transformation

… the reinstatement of political control via revolutionary committees supported by the military. The Cultural … the Cultural Revolution is history in the sense that it is past. There was a verdict in 1981, and an historical … is but one officially designed Cultural Revolution historic site, a graveyard in the city of Chongqing where Red Guards …
Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire, by Judith Herrin Book Cover

Byzantium for Dummies

Review of Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire, by Judith Herrin (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2008)
… to Byzantium , Herrin relates a story of two builders coming to her office after passing it daily to ask her what exactly Byzantium was or … Juliet's balcony, and the reader is expected to be able to flesh out her minimalism on their own. The catch, of course, …
Richard and Mildred Loving in June, 1967.

At the Movies: "The Loving Cup"

… in which lovers look at each other, rather than in opposite directions. Ruth Negga and Joel Edgerton as Mildred and … case after Mildred writes a letter to Bobby Kennedy, who passes the case on to the American Civil Liberties Union. A … on the couch laughing at the TV. As Nichols’ film ends, the credits reveal the actual photograph of the Lovings on the …
Photo of FDN & ARDE Frente Sur Commandas in the Nueva Guinea zone of Southeast Nicaragua, 1987

The Imperial Presidency Pushes Back

Review of Iran Contra: Reagan’s Scandal and the Unchecked Abuse of Presidential Power, by Malcolm Byrne (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2014)
… the counter-revolutionary Contras. The Boland Amendment was passed to end any overt military U.S. support for the … could operate off the books. Photo of FDN & ARDE Frente Sur Commandas in the Nueva Guinea zone of Southeast Nicaragua, … of the shadier characters in this sordid drama emerged: Manucher Ghorbanifar, an Iranian arms dealer and former agent of …
 Cover of The Gold Standard at the Turn of the Twentieth Century Rising Powers, Global Money, and the Age of Empire by Steven Bryan.

All that Glitters Is Not Laissez-Faire

Review of The Gold Standard at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: Rising Powers, Global Money, and the Age of Empire, by Steven Bryan (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010)
… Until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the combination of new technology with the "classically liberal" … the years before World War I was most remarkable for combining expanding trade, growth, and industrialization … with the notable exception of Britain, followed the principles of either bimetallism or a silver standard.  The …
American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century, by Kevin Phillips book cover.

American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century

Review of American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century, by Kevin Phillips New York: Viking, 2006
… class, the ministers…the college professors and other teachers, the business leadership class." 1 By abdicating their … helped inspire. Like Nixon in late 1969, the author has become immensely disillusioned with America's leadership class … on the similarities between the United States and past single energy resource hegemons, the author concludes …
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum with a sign announcing the 70th anniversary ceremony.

A Postcard from Hiroshima

… of the bombing and was able to witness how the Japanese commemorate these tragic events. Hiroshima Peace Memorial … to survive the blast, is now a UNESCO world heritage site. Following the official ceremony, smaller gatherings … years there has been public discussion and far greater compassion for survivors of the bombing, though he is still …
Cover of Philanthropy in America: A History by Olivier Zunz.

The Gifts That Keep On Giving

Review of Philanthropy in America: A History, by Olivier Zunz (Princeton University Press, 2012)
… to start with: What do Americans fund every year at levels comparable to annual budget of the Pentagon? Answer: the … to be an enormous enterprise; and second, we don't have a comprehensive sense of its history. Until now. Philanthropy … calculated that families with incomes of $3000/year or less accounted for 60.4% of charitable giving; a whopping …
The ruins of Ludlow

Which Side Are You On?: The Ludlow Massacre and Class Struggle in 1914

… however, has more than its share of ghosts. It is the site of the deadliest labor war in American history. Since … above in 1914) had struck for union recognition; the company's obedience to Colorado's 8-hour day law; the right … of Manhattan to the cotton fields of Alabama to the treacherous mines of Colorado, tens of millions of Americans …
Cover of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750 by Odd Arne Westad.

Putting the Middle Kingdom in the Middle

Review of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750, by Odd Arne Westad (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
… interest in China's future place in the international community has grown. Odd Arne Westad explores China's foreign relations over the past 250 years to offer historical insights for … present-day China and its possible development. Restless Empire extends the vision of China's interaction with …
Neil Armstrong stands by the Lunar Module "Eagle" during the first walk on the moon in 1969.

Fly Me to the Moon

… different world. His famous words crackled across 238,900 miles of space and electrified those listening back home on … Taskforce on February 1, 2016. That achievement has since become a benchmark in American culture. The expression “if we … the Moon provides a stepping-stone to Mars—a nearby test site before making the 36 million mile trip to the red …
 How to Create the Perfect Wife: Britain’s Most Ineligible Bachelor and His Enlightened Quest to Train the Ideal Mate, by Wendy Moore Book Cover.

The Idiot’s Guide to Enlightened Matrimony

Review of How to Create the Perfect Wife: Britain’s Most Ineligible Bachelor and His Enlightened Quest to Train the Ideal Mate, by Wendy Moore (New York: Basic Books, 2013)
… His friends admired him for his intelligence, honesty, and commitment to virtue, but thought that maybe a little … could not understand why women weren’t capable of getting past these minor flaws to see the romantic within. Yes, we … is a bit too confident in her unsupported claims that no less than Jane Austen and George Bernard Shaw borrowed …

Pirates of Puntland, Somalia

… to sustain themselves in deep sea until the vessel actually comes by." Under the pirates' command, the Sirius Star … , which was transporting 33 T-72 tanks, 150 grenade launchers, 6 antiaircraft guns, and ammunition to Kenya and … extremely high. The cumulative effect is that over the past 57 years Somalia's population has increased from some 2 …
soldiers patrolling in Iraq

The U.S. Invasion of Iraq, 10 Years Later

… with a willful misleading of the public, and a war that committed a democratic nation’s armed forces to a … emotionally satisfying, but it oversimplifies a much more complicated picture. All three branches of the U.S. … upheld in federal court. In October 2002, the U.S. Congress passed the Iraq War Resolution, authorizing the President to …
Cover of Sexual Injustice Supreme Court Decisions from Griswold to Roe by Marc Stein.

The Sexual Revolution that Wasn’t Quite

Review of Sexual Injustice: Supreme Court Decisions from Griswold to Roe, by Marc Stein (University of North Carolina Press)
… extended its ruling in Griswold to protect unmarried couples access to birth control.  The Court struck down … the others: Boutilier v. The Immigration and Naturalization Service .   In a six to three decision in Boutilier , the … Instead, the holding is evidence of a much more tenuous commitment to a liberal sexually revolutionizing agenda.  …
Sir Christopher Wren

The Society That Started It All: The Origins of Modern Science

Review of The Royal Society and the Invention of Modern Science, by Adrian Tinniswood (New York: Basic Books, 2019.)
… during the same period a plucky group of studious researchers and inquisitive amateurs believed in an alternative … to elevate them to an esteemed position in the eyes of competing Oxbridge scientists, derisive Anglican clergy, and … Hooke, was hired to record the many peculiar experiments passing through Gresham’s halls. Perhaps the queerest was a …
Cover of A Strange Stirring The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s by Stephanie Coontz.

A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s

Review of A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s, by Stephanie Coontz (New York: Basic Books, 2011)
… group of white, educated, middle-class women were overcome with a sense of gratitude. Friedan had explained their … to work outside of the home, Friedan did her argument a disservice. For instance, by dismissing the sixty-four percent … want to repeat Friedan's mistakes, and her writing is so passionate that the reader cannot help but appreciate her …