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Print of a tar and feathering in Boston from1774.

Economic Justice — in the Streets

… gains in the fall elections. Shredded documents, a stonewalling White House and congressional subpoenas may … public interest. Neither did Whitewater in the 1990s. Commentators can’t decide whether Americans are too … victims, disgruntled workers called strikes and threw stones in cities from Albany to Zanesville. Speculation and …
President Bill Clinton in 1999.

History of Sixth-Year Elections Bodes Well for Democrats

… seats. In the light of this record, the Democrats have done remarkably well this year. This raises the all-important … It has happened twice before in this century, and the comparisons are instructive for the current situation. In … loss by a party controlling the presidency for more than one term has always prefigured that party’s loss of the …
Logo of the Merida Initiative.

War on Drugs: What Won’t Work — Again

… recently turned much of the U.S.-Mexican border into a war zone. The initiative is the most recent chapter in the long … are ruthlessly terrorizing Nuevo Laredo and other border communities. In the past, though, security-first strategies … unrest untreated, so too has U.S. drug policy achieved only superficial success. There’s no reason to expect that Plan …
President Reagan in February 1985.

Will the GOP Find a New Reagan?

… a year ago and his inauguration in January is long gone. He’s rolled the dice on an ambitious but treacherous … In November 2009 that angry fragment of the party is embodied by Sarah Palin, Michele Bachmann, Joe Wilson and their … They have shown no inclination toward the kind of compromise that characterized President Reagan on issues …
Hurricane Elena photographed from Space Shuttle Discovery, September 1, 1985

Rough Weather Ahead

Review of Sea of Storms: A History of Hurricanes in the Greater Caribbean from Columbus to Katrina, by Stuart B. Schwartz (Princeton University Press, 2015)
… . Young Hamilton survived this encounter and went on to become the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United … and the major role of the United States as the regional superpower starting at the end of the nineteenth century. …
A U.S. FBI agent sorts through rubble. (Photo by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation)

The 1998 East African Embassy Bombings

… but at the time it seemed like a relatively minor threat in comparison with established groups like Hamas and Hizballah. … office building that contained a secretarial college. The toll was 213 dead, among them 12 Americans. Hundreds of … several buildings in the camp and killed six men, none of them al Qaeda leaders. Many of the missiles exploded …
President John F. Kennedy delivers an address on the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.

Historical Analogies: Handle With Care

… Historical analogies, comparing something in the present with what appears to be … had written “Profiles in Courage,” a book composed of studies of Americans who had stood fast under pressure. In … will probably be necessary for the chief executive to make one or more difficult, even crucial foreign-policy …
U.S. Supreme Court building.

Tearing Down the “Wall of Separation between Church and State”

… inaccurate, always misapplied metaphor that unnecessarily complicates our thinking surrounding religion and politics.  … freedom, many justices have adopted the wall metaphor – erroneously — as the only way to understand the First … to erect a wall of separation between church and state, one that must always be kept "high and impregnable."  …
The floor seal of the Central Intelligence Agency

Getting Others to Fight Our Wars

… United States. Sometimes, in fact, we try to hide our hand completely. For example, the administration frankly says it … war syndrome. But eventually it became obvious that U.S. money, supplies and advisers plus South Vietnamese soldiers was not a winning combination. Then Washington sent …
Top view of engineer at desk with laptop, hardhat, and blueprints

Origins interviews the American Society of Civil Engineers

…   This is Patrick Potyondy. And I'm speaking over the phone with Tom Smith, executive director of the American … Tom Smith   Sure. And by the way, the next report card will come out in 2017. What we do is we look at 16 categories of … in the most recent years, then. Tom Smith   Yes, in fact, none of the categories went down between 2009 and 2013, and …
Spanish and French troops in Afghanistan in 2005.

Calling Al-Qaeda Fascist Doesn’t Make It So

… that the West is "at war with Islamic fascists." In case anyone missed the point, a few days later Bush described … a "totalitarian ideology" menacing people everywhere. This comparison between Islamic radicalism and fascism, which … it will involve spies, diplomats and police more than soldiers. Conflating the threat of al-Qaeda with fascism makes …
Burning ships after the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor.

Not Only Action but Accountability

… Every commentator in America is drawing the parallel between the … Qaeda organization could not strike the American homeland? Honest accounting will be required — but not from the … Nikolas K. Gvosdev is a senior fellow for strategic studies at The Nixon Center in Washington and a writer for the …
The U.S.-Economic Cooperation Administration created numerous posters to promote the Marshall Plan in Europe. This one, depicting the flags of various Western European countries receiving Marshall Plan aid, was produced in 1950.

The Marshall Plan

… into law on April 3, 1948. The Marshall Plan, as it’s more commonly known, was intended to revive the economies of … financial institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, were simply not … for reconstruction. Additionally, the ECA, under the supervision of Averell Harriman, oversaw a range of other …
Martin Luther King Jr. Day March at Southern Arkansas University.

Martin Luther King Jr. Day: A Holiday the Nation Resisted

… the holiday or diminished it by linking it to Confederate commemorations.  Federal recognition had finally arrived, … avoid reckoning with what King actually demanded : an honest confrontation with racism, inequality, militarism, and … King’s contributions or his critiques. Congress was not alone.  Polling from the period shows that a majority of white …
Lockheed u 2c aircraft Image from Public domain images website

Brandishing Nukes–A Self-Defeating Policy

… translated into action. In the 1950s, President Eisenhower committed the U.S. government to a first-strike nuclear … useless if he could not see what his enemy was doing. Everyone in the Kremlin knew that the United States could indeed … “shock and awe.” Ira Chernus is a professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer …
Emperor Hirohito of Japan in 1971.

Playing Fast and Loose with Historical Analogies

… was the reinterpretation of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Comparing President Kennedy’s action and President Bush’s … administration lacks the kind of documentary evidence that compelled Kennedy to act. Kennedy resisted the use of force … exactly the situation his imperious personality required. One might not agree with all that he did in Japan or with …
In this 1805 painting, the artist imagines American planter and Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins teaching Creeks to use a plow on his Georgia plantation.

Reflecting on Justice 200 Years after the Creek Civil War

… allows us to reflect on such important ideas as justice, communal violence, and political legitimacy. Like any civil … centralized their authority, many in Creek country questioned the new government’s legitimacy. Differing notions of … 1814 Battle of Horseshoe Bend (and making McIntosh a brigadier general). But the victorious faction of Creeks soon …
Illustration of Adam and Eve.

Changing the Constitution to Protect Adam and Eve?

… bingo games in the town of Jasper to providing for the compensation of the Judge of Probate in Barbour County. As a … is a bad idea. Backlash is a sorry reason for doing it, one unlikely to yield good constitutional law. Ralph E. …