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illustration of people around a fire ring

The Causes and Costs of Barrenness

Review of Infertility in Early Modern England, by Daphna Oren-Magidor (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017)
… and legacy. Women, on the other hand, struggled to comes to terms with their infertility in large part because … of women continued to rely on ‘kitchen physic,’ or remedies made at home with widely available ingredients. Her examination of this dimension of infertility is …
Mosul Grand Mosque in 2007

Bush Needs War — FAST

… UN weapons inspectors be given months or even a year to complete further investigations in that country, President … early 1970s, two or more years after the escalation of U.S. combat in Vietnam. Protest movements took time to gain … and cable TV stations, talk radio, and the Internet. Combat has not even started, yet Bush is up against a …
Vice President Walter Mondale speaking with President Jimmy Carter.

Why the Vice-Presidential Nominees Will Be Presidential

… and the technology of the information age meant that comments made anywhere are now instantly transmitted … obtained new resources that have allowed them to become significant ongoing participants in the White House. … be worthy presidents. The new context aligns political expediency more closely with considerations of good government. …
Tilden illustration - a hand on another hand that is on a gun on a table with papers

Top Ten Origins: Other “Unprecedented” Elections in American History

… in the moment. Some, however, really do represent something completely new in American political history, and not always … set subsequent political norms, permanently altered the composition of national political coalitions, or revealed … involving a federal election commission, railroad subsidies, and the renewed threat of regional violence, Hayes was …
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walking on the moon in 1969 with the American flag behind them.

Thirty Years since Apollo 11

… economic system. Apollo was also a stunning technological accomplishment. NASA moved in eight years from launching a man … last year, six American rockets, three military and three commercial, have failed, with a loss of more than $3 … demonstrate that interest in space exploration has never died. What is changing now is the economic and political …
 Monte Albán

Una Postal de Oaxaca, México

… impresionante, la ciudad de Oaxaca ofrece vistas de la compleja historia de México. En 1521, Hernán Cortés mando a … puede escuchar los dialectos mixtecos y zapotecos en las calles de la ciudad. Muchas de la casas Oaxaqueñas son … Guerra Mundial, no habían muchas carreteras modernas que dieran servicio a los confines del sur del país. Asta hoy en …
Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on Florence Owens Thompson, age 32, a mother of seven children, in Nipomo, California, March 1936.

Another Great Depression?

… Here's why.   The Great Depression was the result of the combination of the 1929 financial crisis and serious … It was pumped up by over-lending by banks and financial companies and over-borrowing by Wall Street. Rising interest … its borrowing power. The bulk of the U.S. economy's income went to the to top 1 percent of the nation's families, …

Blue, Black, and Green: Inflation and the Fate of Argentina

… where tourists and porteños (inhabitants of Buenos Aires) come to exchange currency. As one walks the streets, the … of inflation and devaluation, Rosas slashed public subsidies and public works. A proponent of small government, … and small industrial producers received large subsidies. In Córdoba, a metallurgy industry flourished under the …
Photo of "Fighting Bob" La Follette

Lessons for the Nader Camp: ‘Fighting Bob’ La Follette in 1924

… in a sea of political corruption, a caring man genuinely committed to protecting consumers, promoting peace and … this vote will be a real blow against corruption and complacency and a powerful statement for the environment and … W. Bush, a member of the establishment elite. "The time has come," declared La Follette in a statement nearly identical …
William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States.

Zealous Moderates: Barack Obama and William Howard Taft

… season brings a new round of presidential analogies and comparisons. Two years into his presidency, Barack Obama has already seen his share. Supporters have compared him to Abraham Lincoln, Franklin Roosevelt, Harry … strategy has disadvantages. Namely, as the process becomes a political football, the president gets blamed by …
Young Child dressed in a Uncle Sam costume

Coming to America to Contribute

Review of Ellis Island Nation: Immigration Policy and American Identity in the Twentieth Century, by Robert L. Fleegler Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013
… United States is characterized by three great waves of newcomers. The first wave came primarily from Ireland, Germany, … movies typically depicted Italian, Irish, and Jewish soldiers fighting alongside their WASP comrades. The stated … decently. But, opinion polling revealed that most soldiers continued to harbor prejudice towards ethnic …
Refugees crowded emergency trains leaving to India or Pakistan c. 1947-1953

India-Pakistan Partition

… Yet alongside the victories of independence came the tragedies of partition, whereby British-ruled India was divided … into two separate, independent states. The violence that accompanied partition, which led to the death of up to a … of millions more, ranks among the worst human tragedies of the twentieth century. Seventy years on, the world …
The last Soviet forces leave Afghanistan via Friendship Bridge in February of 1989

What They Left Behind: The Soviet Union in Afghanistan

… in February 1989—twenty-five years ago—the Soviet Union completed withdrawal of its combat forces across the Friendship Bridge from the Afghan … society.” Kopp saw the Bolshevik Revolution as an event embodied in modernist architecture, but also facilitated and …
Women suffragists marching on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C., March 3, 1913.

The First Time Women Marched on Washington

… of the 1913 march had their organizational act together. Communicating via a federated national organization called … about women voting. The organizers of the 1913 parade accomplished all this in the face of obstacles that those of …
Etching of Theodore Roosevelt.

Our Federal Government: Still for Sale

… TV age, campaigning is expensive business. Today’s bribes come in the form of enormous but legal campaign … and politicians. But today’s media — and today’s audiences — are more interested in tawdry sex scandals than in … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …
Howard Dean in 2014.

How Dean Followed in Goldwater’s Steps

… Barry Goldwater of 1964. Dean should have taken the comparison seriously. Glaring parallels exist between the … election, few believed that Goldwater could successfully compete for, much less win, the Republican nomination, but … crisis, Goldwater’s bellicose Cold War rhetoric made many uneasy, as did his conservative domestic agenda, which …
A Sherman tank enters Fort Santiago

The Battle for Manila

… history of a city that has long sat at the crossroads of competing powers, and it still looms large in the … became a U.S. possession. Victorious American soldiers atop a rampart in Intramuros. Later, the American … they altered place names, imposed a command economy, and gutted the American educational system. Fort Santiago, once …
Cover of Zoot Suit The Enigmatic Career of an Extreme Style by Kathy Peiss.

A Suit, or a Statement?

Review of Zoot Suit: The Enigmatic Career of an Extreme Style, by Kathy Peiss (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011)
… songwriters and animators utilized the suit to make commentary on American life during a time of war. Chapter … and Harlem. Understanding how a style which had once communicated a variety of meanings became tied to racial …
illustration of Prince George IV

Unspoken Anxiety or Vivid Metaphor?

Review of Itch, Clap, Pox: Venereal Disease in the Eighteenth-Century Imagination, by Noelle Gallagher (New Haven: Yale, 2019)
… (syphilis), artists explored social phenomena including commercialization, globalization, gender, race, and class. … Gallagher describes how scarring from venereal disease was compared to battlefield wounds as marks of honor, and were … Gallagher describes how scarring from venereal disease was compared to battlefield wounds as marks of honor. At the …
The Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Barry (DDG 52) launches a Tomahawk missile in support of Operation Odyssey Dawn on March 19, 2011.

What Can Air Power Achieve? From Rolling Thunder to Odyssey Dawn

… never quite sure what those air assaults should or could accomplish. Though he hoped that Hanoi would abandon its … to preserve a stable South Vietnam could not be accomplished by air strikes alone.   Though President Obama's … him.   Moreover, just as Rolling Thunder signaled a U.S. commitment to South Vietnam, so Odyssey Dawn will likely be …
Most U.S. casualties, like these in a C-17 military transport aircraft, return to Dover Air Force Base in Dover, Delaware. (unknown date)

For Mom, Blueberry Pie — and Iraq?

… on “the near absence among the men I worked with… of any comprehension of what Nazism meant.” Commentator Dwight … endangered. The New York Times reported that the typical soldier thought simply that “the war must be finished quickly … to take up his life where he left it.” Interviewing soldiers at the front, John Hersey found that they “usually …
President George W. Bush meets with his cabinet after his re-election.

The Founders Never Imagined a Bush Administration

… insisted that there can be no limits to the power of the commander-in-chief in time of war. More recently the … has produced a devilish conundrum. President Bush has given Commander-in-Chief Bush unlimited wartime authority. But the … by acts of Congress. The Founding Fathers, who always come to mind when the Constitution is in danger, anticipated …
Cover of The Anatomy Murders by Lisa Rosner

The Anatomy Murders

Review of The Anatomy Murders, by Lisa Rosner (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009)
… the first few decades of the nineteenth century the dead bodies themselves became precious commodities because the dissection of human cadavers for … straight to an untapped and ever-replenishing source of bodies by killing unsuspecting victims which they quickly sold …
The United Nations headquarters in Geneva.

Will We Turn the U.N. Charter into a “Scrap of Paper”?

… war,” Germany’s chancellor, Theobold von Bethmann-Hollweg complained as the First World War began. The “scrap of … request authority to lead a coalition to rescue Kuwait, he complied with the Charter of the United Nations. He did so … nations declared (Feb. 18) in positive terms: “We are committed to the United Nations remaining at the center of …