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Egyptian Prime Minister Anwar Sadat, U.S. President Jimmy Carter, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin signing the Camp David Peace Accords on September 17, 1978.

Can Sharon Too Become a Peacemaker?

… led to a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt that none of Begin’s opponents, previous Labor Party prime ministers, had seriously … theme the denunciation of Democrats as being soft on communism, opened up relations with the People’s Republic of … Can Sharon Too Become a Peacemaker? …
Illustration of Adam and Eve.

Changing the Constitution to Protect Adam and Eve?

… bingo games in the town of Jasper to providing for the compensation of the Judge of Probate in Barbour County. As a … is a bad idea. Backlash is a sorry reason for doing it, one unlikely to yield good constitutional law. Ralph E. …
Cambodia's Prime Minister Hun Sen in 2012.

War Crimes: The “New Era” Looks Like the Old

… surface of this dispute is a fundamental clash between the competing claims of national sovereignty and universal human … in the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, East Timor and Sierra Leone. Throughout the 1990s, the basic distinction between soldiers and civilians all but disappeared in places such as …
Sir Christopher Wren

The Society That Started It All: The Origins of Modern Science

Review of The Royal Society and the Invention of Modern Science, by Adrian Tinniswood (New York: Basic Books, 2019.)
… revolutionary journal of record, The Royal Society embodied modern scientific principles. Gresham College, where … to elevate them to an esteemed position in the eyes of competing Oxbridge scientists, derisive Anglican clergy, and … tradition and embraced modern scientific inquiry: take no one’s word for it. Gresham College as it appeared before it …
Atomic bomb damage on Hiroshima gas building.

Time to Confront the Ethics of Hiroshima

… believe the bomb's use was justified often label their opponents "pacifists," "1960s radicals," "bleeding-heart … indefensibility of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima is becoming a part of the national conservative creed." But times …
President George W. Bush in 2004.

Bush: Gaining on James Buchanan for Last Place

… it by insisting on pursuing a foolish go-it-almost-alone invasion of Iraq, thereby transforming almost universal … available military forces and be a bottomless pit for the money of American taxpayers for years to come. •  Failed to follow through in Afghanistan, where the …
Pledge of Allegiance plaque

When Congress Tampers with the Court’s Independence

… the American people that the federal courts would not become oppressive, the framers of the Constitution argued that … who would become chief justice and do more than anyone to make the Supreme Court a co-equal branch of … granted to unpopular individuals that it came within one vote of preventing the Supreme Court from hearing cases …
 Reagan in 1982.

Measuring Reagan for Greatness

… immortality. A better approach than polling is to compare Reagan with past presidents who are now regarded as … Reagan left office. Great presidents are also effective communicators. Lincoln was the finest speechmaker in … and Truman promised social justice. Woodrow Wilson envisioned eternal peace. Reagan too had a clear vision for his …
People celebrating anniversary of the revolution in Mashhad in 2014.

Iran: Still Struggling toward Self-Determination

… even at the risk of confrontation with the international community. In persuading the Iranian government to be more … to be a friend of democracy by using the threat of force alone. Rather, it must help other nations achieve their … months have shown President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and the ayatollahs playing a dangerous game of jingoism and …
1935 cartoon by Vaughn Shoemaker in which he parodied the New Deal as a card game with alphabetical agencies.

The Auto Bailout: a Bad Deal

… to restart the auto industry.   Here's how it can be done:   Use already appropriated Federal government bailout … the next four months.   Require banks receiving bailout money to use 10 percent of the "aid" — $4 billion to date — … growth. If he fails to do this, President Obama will repeat one of Roosevelt's greatest economic mistakes. Even worse, …
Cover of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750 by Odd Arne Westad.

Putting the Middle Kingdom in the Middle

Review of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750, by Odd Arne Westad (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
… interest in China's future place in the international community has grown. Odd Arne Westad explores China's … and workers, are examined and considered as the crucial components of historical heritage that shape the views and … fostered a complex feeling towards foreigners. On the one hand, they felt victimized by imperialism and at the …
Young Child dressed in a Uncle Sam costume

Coming to America to Contribute

Review of Ellis Island Nation: Immigration Policy and American Identity in the Twentieth Century, by Robert L. Fleegler Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013
Schools often have dedicated computer labs which different classes share for studying and research.

The Fifth Wave?

… in time, their shamans painted and chiseled images on stone, petitioning their spirits for fertility and abundance. … appliances, and new opportunities in electronics, telecommunications, and aerospace. In the United States the … century. Carl Abbott is a professor of urban studies and planning at Portland State University, Ore., and a …
"Gay Liberation" by George Segal

Stonewall and the Unfinished Gay Revolution

… and diverse crowd led an uprising at New York’s Stonewall Inn. The event has become iconic in popular memory as the spark for a new radical … freedom fighters “through Seneca Falls , and Selma, and Stonewall.” The Stonewall Inn, 1969. In Stonewall’s wake, a … Milestones …
American Anti-Slavery Society, 1837

Revisiting Long Histories of the Reparations Debate

Review of Reparations for Slavery and The Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History, by Ana Lucia Araujo (New York City: Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2017)
… enslaved Africans generated tremendous wealth for an elite community of slave owners, slave traders, and political … formerly enslaved individuals and their descendants petitioned for compensation, recognition, and material support, … terms, such as “redress, compensation, indemnification, atonement, repayment, and restitution,” to convey the same …
Fully lit Menorah

Chanukah Candles Shed Light on Mideast Conflict

… of foreign occupiers. I learned that today's Israeli soldiers, like the Maccabees, were fighting for Jewish … Surely they know that nothing brings people together like a common enemy. But in the United States, the "rally round the … will bring real peace. That number is bound to grow as the toll of dead Palestinian youth grows. Already, some Jews …
Two baseballs.

Why Dick Allen Never Reached the Hall

… career home runs and his 1,119 RBIs place him in the same company as such Hall of Famers as Yogi Berra, Roy … cannot be fully explained as an expression of prejudice alone. Racism is a much broader cultural phenomenon, … by the sportswriters in the Hall of Fame voting. Cap Anson, one of the earliest inductees, was a major force in creating …
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife before their assassinations in Sarajevo.

The Enduring Lesson of Sarajevo

… Munich conference of 1938, where Britain and France abandoned Czechoslovakia to Nazi aggression, taught the lesson: … invasion, the Iraqi military could engage in house-to-house combat or terrorist attacks against U.S. troops in Baghdad … warfare. “We’ll be home for Christmas!” shouted the soldiers as they boarded trains for the front. The blinkered …
Charles E. Wilson being sworn in

Beyond Civil Rights

… Board of the President’s Initiative on Race in June, commentators greeted the news with low expectations. Fifty … which are more complex and not entirely the burden of one race. Sooner or later the country must confront such problems. …
 Haile Selassie in 1942

Emperor Haile Selassie I Returns Triumphant to Ethiopia

… capital city, Addis Ababa. The Ethiopian Emperor was accompanied by battle-tested companies of Patriot guerilla fighters (the Arbanyoch). British Colonel Orde Wingate led Gideon Force and an assorted mix of … which would lead to a Civil War that would cost more than one million lives and result, in 1993, in Ethiopia’s loss of …