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"Merchants of Death": The International Traffic in Arms

… as a gunrunner illustrate important patterns in the history of the global arms trade since the advent of … regard, Bout’s activities mark a significant change in the history of the global arms trade: for first time, thanks to … aid in this form. For the first time in modern global history, country-to-country transactions came to typify the …
The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean, by Peter Earle Book Cover

The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean

Review of The Sack of Panama: Captain Morgan and The Battle for the Caribbean, by Peter Earle (St. Martin's Press '07, $25.95, 292 pages, ISBN #0-312-36142-4; index, source notes, bibliography, unillustrated)
… is an enjoyable and important contribution to the maritime history of the 17th century. By focusing on a handful of … Sack of Panamá is an excellent introduction to the maritime history of the Atlantic World and the decline of Spanish …

Another Silent Spring

… killers. They were part of the biggest population boom in history, and to feed their babies they demanded more and … in a few words is what we should ask about the ecological history of the most recent coronavirus. Where exactly did it … and protect biodiversity ? How can a new understanding of history, one more informed by ecology and evolution science, …

The Road to Same-Sex Marriage: Lesbian Mothers, Gay Fathers, and the American Family

… this idea, it has at least been so until very recently. The history is far more complicated, however, and the … definition of the family for at least six decades. This history includes the stories of gay and lesbian parents who … that state’s constitution. At that point in U.S. history, only three municipalities and the District of …
Zog I of Albania in front of the Albania Republic flag.

Albania’s First Republic

… Given the country’s turbulent and volatile political history paired with Italy’s desire for regional hegemony, it … states they deem as fledgling or failing. Distinctive history, embedded social and political structures, and …
"Where do we go from here?," a 1920 cartoon depicting the League of Nations Covenant and the Treaty of Versailles

The Versailles Treaty Fight

… majority. Versailles became one of only three treaties in history to have been rejected by the Senate not once, but … goes, were the high-water mark of isolationism in American history. Not until the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl … debate on U.S. foreign policy is rooted in this version of history. Worries about the future of the liberal …
Celebrations for Jamaican Independence, 2012.

Jamaican Independence

… but mighty” in Jamaican ) was one triumph in the long history of Black sovereignty and nationalism that led to the … in 1804, Jamaica’s nationalist journey reflects a longer history in the partial collapse of Britain’s foothold of … Dr. Patsy Lewis .” Strictly Facts: A Guide to Caribbean History & Culture (podcast). August 4, 2021.  Nettleford, …
soldiers patrolling in Iraq

The U.S. Invasion of Iraq, 10 Years Later

… it was one of the most successful military operations in history, but many Americans will not remember the war as an … of war. Undeclared wars are not therefore recent in U.S. history, nor is it clear that they are contrary to the …
The Battle of Waterloo, 1815

Winning and Losing at the Battle of Waterloo

… French lack of respect for "a momentous event in Europe’s history and an important one for freedom and democracy." … European harmony by commemorating the most famous battle in history remained a bit of a paradox – French President …
An orientalist nineteenth century Russian view of Samarkand in the time of Timur.

A Castilian in Samarkand, 1404

… , Timur was a figure of crucial importance in world history because he was the last great nomadic warlord.[2] …
Plate of enchiladas at a Mexican restaurant.

Mexican Food in the United States

… sold their products but also disseminated Mexican recipe books to the American public. They introduced these foods to … Taco Tia in 1965 in Torrance, California. The rest is history. As of 2022, Yum! Brands, a Chinese company, … opened in 2021, makes use of local, fresh ingredients; puts history back into food; provides work for women and minority …

Two Popes and a Primate: The Changing Face of Global Christianity

… moments of separation and reorganization in the global history of Christianity—the controversy over the nature(s) … more significant than the differences in doctrine or history that lie behind the current divisions of Christians … different ways. Each of these communities has a long history, and the differing ways that they select their …

The West without Water: What Can Past Droughts Tell Us About Tomorrow?

… animals that rely on water to survive? A glance into the history of the Southwest reminds us that the climate and … of climate in the region. By peering deeper into Earth’s history—the past centuries and millennia—the frequency and … to the coastal regions. The Tools for Uncovering Climate History One of the most vivid clues for understanding the …
Taiwanese flags on display for National Day, 2018.

The Taiwan Strait Conflict

… This is because the outside world has understood the history of the Taiwan Strait mostly from the first framework … narrative of Chiang Ching-kuo overlooks the longstanding history of the local Taiwanese’s fight for … hard to attract Taiwanese capital and talents. Hundreds of books and articles have been written on China’s economic …
Soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad

Stalingrad at 75, the Turning Point of World War II in Europe

… Barbarossa, the largest military offensive in human history. After two years of decisive victories over France, … Stalingrad: The Fateful Siege, 1942-1943. New York: Penguin Books, 1999. David Glantz and Jonathan M. House, To the … Accounts from the 6 th Army, 1942-1943 . London: Frontline Books, 2014. Learn more about the Eastern Front: Chris …

Russia, America, and the Conspiratorial Worldview

… build on ideas developed in the Soviet period. Russian history is replete with stories of enemies seeking to … and peers produced thousands of similar images across the history of the USSR. Russian President Vladimir Putin and …
The new Terrorism Confinement Center in El Salvador, which opened in February 2023, was built to detain thousands suspected gang members.

Marching Back to the Past: Militarism in El Salvador

… .  Critics of Bukele’s administration note the country’s history of authoritarian leadership and point to government … of repression have persisted throughout El Salvador’s history, so have patterns of resistance.  Today, …
Illustration of the duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr (1887)

The Hamilton-Burr Duel

… Aaron Burr faced off in the most infamous duel in American history. Burr fatally wounded Hamilton, who died the next … death might have been, duels were common in early American history. They were so frequent, in fact, that at the time of …
Cover of The Battle of Adwa African Victory in the Age of Empire by Raymond Jonas

When Ethiopia Stunned the World

Review of The Battle of Adwa: African Victory in the Age of Empire, by Raymond Jonas (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press, 2011)
… and small, that took part in such a major turning point in history exceptionally well. His excellent archival work …