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Napoleon, Tsar Alexander I of Russia, and King Frederick William III and Queen Louise of Prussia in Tilsit.

The Global Reach of the Napoleonic Wars

Review of The Napoleonic Wars: A Global History, by Alexander Mikaberidze (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… Wars cannot be fully understood without also explicitly linking it to events in Europe, Mikaberidze begins his work … certain regions, Mikaberidze does some occasional backtracking. This structure works relatively well. Mikaberidze … of how they affected the rest of the world in a breathtakingly wide span of case studies ranging from Chile to Japan …

The Hajj and Europe

… other major world pilgrimages, the hajj is obligatory. In making the pilgrimage to Islam’s holiest city—Muhammad’s … industry (hajj revenues are 3% of GDP) and a mass event the kingdom must oversee at enormous cost. Last year the Saudis … posts a consul in Jeddah to help French nationals making the hajj. The most recent consul, a convert named Lewis …
Cover of The Aryan Jesus: Christian Theologians and the Bible in Nazi Germany by Susannah Heschel.

God for Nazis

Review of The Aryan Jesus: Christian Theologians and the Bible in Nazi Germany , by Susannah Heschel (Princeton University Press, 2008)
… part of a Germanic tradition of anti Judaism that included Martin Luther, it is very clear that they were products of … tries to dance around these issues, implying things but making no hard claims. For example, she states: One cannot …
Perry speaking at the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference in National Harbor, Maryland.

Governor Perry’s Vice-Presidential Mistake

… Lyndon B. Johnson, became president following the assassination of John F. Kennedy. To be sure, Johnson often … Nixon and Humphrey and indeed every vice president after Martin Van Buren in 1836.  Dan Quayle met with Bush …

Tradition vs Charisma: The Sunni-Shi'i Divide in the Muslim World

… his kinship with Muhammad and his service to Islam. 'Ali's assassination in 661 represented the continuation of a … and in the following year arranged for the enthronement of King Faysal, the son of Sharif Husayn of Mecca, as King of Iraq. Not until 2003 did Iraqi Shi'i religious …
Crowd with sign: "Black Caucus for Chisholm"

"Earn Your Spurs" (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 7)

… became involved in the Civil Rights Movement while working at the YWCA in Harlem, New York. It was there that she … with Height joining historic demonstrations with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, including the 1963 March on Washington. In …
John D. Rockefeller in 1914.

Bill Gates — Another Rockefeller or Another Ford?

… Ohio Senator John Sherman put it, "If we will not endure a king as a political power we should not endure a king over the production, transportation, and sale of any of … competition from the new, more efficient chain stores, by making it illegal to discount prices. By the 1980s America was …
The Lorraine Motel

Putting Race on Display: The National Civil Rights Museum

… mission statement. And so that's where I began with a rethinking of what the mission statement for the museum might be. … in different kinds of ways, someone who was really close to Martin Luther King, and along with modern U.S.  scholars, people …
The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism, by Aaron Sachs Book Cover

The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism

Review of The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism, by Aaron Sachs (Viking Books, 2006)
… see von Humboldt as the founding figure of ecological thinking. Von Humboldt, for example, recognized that the falling … in von Humboldt's work: J. N. Reynolds, Clarence King, George Wallace Melville and John Muir. Of the three, … remarkable autobiographer, regarded his friend Clarence King as the greatest figure of his generation. In the …
Film poster for Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995).

Top Ten Origins: Bollywood Films

… are often musicals but can also lack any music at all. Picking a “Top Ten” list from such a diverse category is a … ten years after India’s independence from the United Kingdom. This was an era in which Hindi cinema highlighted … a courtesan Anaar Kali (Madhubala). Prithviraj Kapoor plays King Akbar, the father of prince Salim, who opposes the …
Plumes of smoke billow from the World Trade Center towers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, after a Boeing 767 hits each tower during the September 11 attacks.

Security May Be Too Expensive

… FBI files on those he considered subversive, such as Martin Luther King, Jr. Historically, when the dust has settled the United …
Fourth of July celebration in Philadelphia, 1819.

The United States: Democracy or Republic?

… a dangerous majority , a fate perhaps worse than rule by a king. A republic, on the other hand, offered the perfect … not gain traction until Progressive reformers started speaking out against the elitism and corruption endemic to the … states with histories of voter discrimination from making new voting laws without federal approval, is …

A Century of HIV

… it gradually took over cells in the immune system, hijacking CD4 cells to make new copies of the virus before … colonial claims ( center ). A 1905 caricature of Belgian King Leopold II with his earnings from the Congo Free State … led to a widespread campaign against the Belgian King Leopold II’s murderous reign in the Congo. European …
Sylvester I and Constantine in a 1247 fresco.

Top Ten Origins: Popes Before 1500

… in Matthew 16:18, from whom Peter is given the “keys to the kingdom of heaven.”  Unfortunately, very little of this … deaths and an eight-year papal schism.   Ultimately, the king of Italy weighed in to end the conflict. He picked … Roman Emperor Henry IV at Canossa, where the excommunicated king lay on the snow at Gregory’s feet seeking absolution. …
Zimbabwe Flag against a blue sky

Colonial Land Injustices in Post-Independence Zimbabwe

… Realizing they had lost their independence, the Ndebele kingdom, under King Lobengula, declared war against the British, initiating … in 1951. The NLHA resulted in compulsory livestock destocking and downsizing of land owned by Africans to avoid …

Beware of Greeks Bearing Gifts: How Neo-Nazis and Ancient Greeks Met in Charlottesville

… now been initiated. But even as classical historians are working harder than ever to debunk the use of classical history … the racist origins of their own field, however, when Martin Bernal began publishing the controversial … multi-volume work Black Athena in 1987. The first volume of Martin Bernal’s 1987  Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of …
William Shatner as Captain Kirk and Leonard Nimoy as Mr. Spock pose behind a model of the starship Enterprise.

Star Trek

… them to follow their respective careers. Nichols was thinking of leaving Star Trek when Martin Luther King Jr. visited the set. He insisted that she remain …

A Century of Sanctions

… winner would fail to profit. First published in the United Kingdom in 1909, Europe’s Optical Illusion by Norman Angell … he declared a “Bank Holiday” and temporarily banned all banking transactions. Congress then passed legislation that … Japanese assets in the United States were frozen, making it impossible for Japan to use its gold reserves to …
Israeli soldiers stand around their tanks during the Yom Kippur War.

The Yom Kippur War and the OPEC Oil Embargo

… Netherlands, Portugal, Rhodesia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It and the broader Yom … administration was prepared to supply new weapons to the kingdom, convinced OPEC to lift the embargo. On March 19, …
Hessian troops surrendering to General George Washington after the Battle of Trenton.

The Return of the Mercenary

… or, more plainly, mercenaries. Peter Singer of the Brookings Institution estimates that private contractors now … in the history of warfare. If war was the sport of kings, then mercenaries, immortalized in Biblical verse and … Nigeria. But in a post-nation-state era, the mercenary is making a comeback. In a world no longer characterized by Great …