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1942 photo of an American flag.

The Changing Symbolism of Old Glory

… States be thirteen stripes alternate red and white and the union be thirteen stars in a blue field, representing a new … to replace the first American flag, known as the Great Union Flag (seven red and six white stripes with the British … and South America. There, the United States impeded nationalist movements and established lucrative markets …
President Ronald Reagan during an interview in 1988.

Marking a Tragic Anniversary

… PATCO debacle, for President Reagan’s unprecedented act of union-busting critically weakened the one entity best … inequality in the United States: organized labor. American unions have endured many heartbreaking losses in their … But not since the infamous 1892 Homestead strike undermined unionism in the emerging mass production industries has any …
John Filo's iconic photograph of Mary Ann Vecchio kneeling over the body of Jeffrey Miller

Kent State after Fifty Years

… Just past noon on Monday May 4, 1970, a squadron of Ohio National Guardsmen opened fire at a loose collection of … body of Jeffrey Miller moments after he was shot by Ohio National Guardsmen at Kent State University on May 4, 1970. … effort to impose rules for their own sake. Because of the national uproar over Cambodia—hundreds of college campuses …
National Memorial for Peace and Justice exhibit, Montgomery AL

Confederates and Lynching in American Public Memory

… This year, the National Memorial for Peace and Justice—the nation’s first … they actually went against...they tried to break up the Union, right? That, in and of itself, is enough and ought to … couple of places in Eastern Europe and what used to be the Soviet Union, where all of these statues of Lenin, Marx, …
Headquarters of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Austria.

Contradictions in Atomic Agency’s Mandate

… the realm of politics for the technical domain of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The previous week, … the realm of politics for the technical domain of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The previous week, … light-water reactors. Back then, Canadian, French, Soviet and British reactors all used another form of …
India and Pakistan highlighted on a map.

“Open Skies” for India and Pakistan?

… President Eisenhower presented a diplomatic surprise to the Soviet Union. Why not allow both the Americans and Soviets to fly … Osama bin Laden himself, are in that area. For the international community to finish off al-Qaida, uninterrupted …
Image reading "there is no news tonight"

“No News Day” at the BBC

… an uneventful day. Most serious for the British, Indian nationalist rebels , led by Surya Sen, had attacked the … of the BBC. Reith believed broadcasting could contribute to national unity and cultural uplift. Pivotal to this … service and wanted to transform the BBC into a respected national institution. This meant emphasizing quality over …
Hitler with politicians

The Nazis Take Poland and the Start of World War II

… especially after the rise to power of Adolph Hitler and his National Socialist German Workers Party, the Nazis, in 1932. … Pact, between Germany and its ideological arch-nemesis, the Soviet Union, on August 23, 1939. In a secret annex to the treaty, …
Advertisement of an upcoming land sale by the United States Department of the Interior in 1911. The Interior Department published many similar advertisements to encourage white settlers to purchase "excess" reservation lands.

The Dawes Act

… United States had been admitted as states into the Union. Tribal governments had been diminished. Boarding …
Women at desk marked "Learn to Vote"

So...what now? (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 4)

… August of 1920, the 19th Amendment marked victory from the National American Woman's Suffrage Association and the … worker, and then a factory worker, and finally a trade union leader before being appointed as the first director of … sex discrimination. However, like many of the women's labor unions, they were immediately concerned with preserving …
The logo of Solidarność painted on an overturned Soviet era T-55 in Prague in 1990

Poland Takes Charge of Its Own Revolution

Review of Empowering Revolution: America, Poland, and the End of the Cold War, by Gregory F. Domber (The University of North Carolina Press, 2014)
… countries to forge ahead with their efforts to remove their Soviet-led communist parties from power, a process that … decade of tireless work by the opposition, led by the labor union Solidarność (Solidarity) and its chairman, Lech … they vote against—or decline to vote for in the case of the National Party lists—the Communist Party. Prior to that, …
NASA marks Earth Day’s 50th anniversary.

“Give Earth a Chance”: Earth Day and the Politics of Modern Environmentalism

… article in The New York Times , June 1969. Her words hit a national nerve. Under the headline “Mood of Campus … resort town in Southern California. On January 28, 1969, a Union Oil well burst off the coast of Santa Barbara and over … the 100 th birthday of Russian revolutionary and founder of Soviet communism Vladimir Lenin. One Georgia politician sent …
President Kennedy surrounded by cameramen after signing the Cuba Quarantine Order on October 23, 1962.

How Bush Might Have Profited from Kennedy’s Example

… As we’ve learned in the global age, international crises threaten the United States with … of their homes, their workplaces and their lives. In 1962, Soviet nuclear missiles had been placed in Cuba, just 90 … partisan politicians might send mixed signals to the Soviet Union, and he feared that Latin America might take a divided …
Cover of Atatürk: An Intellectual Biography by M. Hanioğlu.

Kemalism: "The Religion of the Turk"

Review of Ataturk: An Intellectual Biography, by M. Sukru Hanioglu (Princeton. Princeton University Press. 2011)
… history as a political leader, who is still revered both nationally and internationally. The policies of transformation that he … created a fertile ground for different ideologies such as nationalism and socialism (13-15, 25).Ataturk also benefited …
Statue and Ukrainian Flag

The Russian Invasion of Ukraine

… II. It is an attack that is sure to restructure the international order along with the lives of all Ukrainian … strikes. A lot of these subway systems were built in the Soviet period to withstand nuclear strikes, so they are deep … the goal of recapturing the great influence that the Soviet Union had would surely be one of his goals. So, at the very …
In this 1805 painting, the artist imagines American planter and Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins teaching Creeks to use a plow on his Georgia plantation.

Reflecting on Justice 200 Years after the Creek Civil War

… African slave labor, and centralizing Creek leadership on a national council, McIntosh and others sought to maintain … settlers. Arriving home, Little Warrior told the Creek national council that the outbreak of hostilities (now … Bird King. Here McIntosh and Little Warrior’s paths met. National leaders debated what to do with Little Warrior and …
Crewmen of the amphibious cargo ship USS Durham take on Vietnamese refugees in 1975

Defining Refugees

On July 28, 1951, representatives of 26 states, meeting in Geneva under the auspices of the United Nations, signed the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.
portrait of Shevchenko by Ukrainian artist Ilia Shulha, titled Taras Shevchenko Returning from Exil by Boat.

Taras Shevchenko, Poet of Ukraine

Taras Shevchenko is not just the founder of the modern Ukrainian literary language, he is also the most important symbol of modern Ukrainian nationhood.
National Guard Soldiers wearing gas masks and holding rifles

The Kent State Massacre

Just past noon on Monday, May 4, 1970, a squadron of Ohio National Guardsmen opened fire at a loose collection of students gathered across an expanse of leafy lawns and campus parking lots at Kent State University in northeastern Ohio.
… Just past noon on Monday, May 4, 1970, a squadron of Ohio National Guardsmen opened fire at a loose collection of … … Just past noon on Monday, May 4, 1970, a squadron of Ohio National Guardsmen opened fire at a loose collection of …
Plague Doctor

Responding to Pandemics—Both Past and Present

What can we learn from the public/medical responses during previous epidemics and pandemics to aid us in combating COVID-19 on the local, state, and national levels?
Grade Level
9-12
9
10
11
12
Teaching Area
US History to 1877
US History since 1877
… to aid us in combating COVID-19 on the local, state, and national levels. … What can we learn from the public/medical … to aid us in combating COVID-19 on the local, state, and national levels? … Adena Barnette … Pandemics & COVID-19 … …