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Trade Wars: The Collapse of America's Free Trade Consensus

… Trump held up Carrier, an air conditioning and heating company, as a symbol of the plight of American manufacturing, buffeted by free trade deals that hurt American workers. The company had … Trans-Pacific Partnership ahead of President Barack Obama’s visit to the state for a fundraiser. The figures depicted …
Portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt from the early 1930s.

The Four Freedoms in the War Against Terrorism

… The United States needs a new foundation to its foreign policy if it is to succeed in its war against … that policy be? It should be like Franklin Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms — freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom … back to the “gunboat diplomacy,” the use of force to accomplish diplomatic goals, associated with the major …
The Kaiser Permanente Building after the Northridge Earthquake in 1994.

California Freeways: Still Seismically Unsafe

… Three years ago, the Northridge earthquake showed us Californians that we live in a dangerous place. The quake took … houses, and, most emblematic of all, toppled many of our freeways. As citizens of the Golden State, we live with the … and undervalued, the seismic program was still incomplete almost two decades later when Loma Prieta struck …
The "We Can Do It!" war-propaganda poster from 1943 was re-appropriated as a symbol of the feminist movement in the 1980s.

Which Side Are We On in the Struggle for Women’s Freedom?

For the last several years, the United States has depicted the battle against terrorism as a contest pitting free societies against those who would impose Islamic rule … the West, but between those societies in which women are free and those in which they are repressed. Women’s lives …
US Marine Corps during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003.

“Operation Mississippi Freedom”: When State-Sponsored Terrorism Was American

… existed in the United States. The trial of Edgar Ray Killen for the 1964 murders of civil rights workers James Chaney, … United States. On the surface, the goal of the Mississippi Freedom Summer Project of 1964 sounds almost identical to … including 35 churches and numerous homes in this state. McComb, Miss., came to be known that summer as the bombing …
Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)—Article 19 states that "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers."

Free Speech: Still Under Threat

… Is all well with freedom of expression in the United States? It would seem … After all, American society is now among the world's most complex. In a nation of such diverse origins, practices and … clashes over published ideas and images. The resulting efforts to muzzle the expression of those that offend the …
An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery, Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, March 1, 1780. Pennsylvania State Archives.

The Forgotten First Step Toward Freedom

… could be permanently enslaved. The British, who did not form their first antislavery organization until seven years later, are usually credited with this accomplishment, having banished slavery in their remaining … women in the North began petitioning successfully for their freedom. A system of coerced labor that had spread in the …
The Slave Trade by Auguste Francois Biard (1833).

When Free Trade Meant Something Else

Review of Not Made by Slaves: Ethical Capitalism in the Age of Abolition, by Bronwen Everill (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2020)
… year, not only in the history of the United States but also for the genesis of American capitalism. 1619 saw the arrival … the global economy. This conversation has raised uncomfortable questions about contemporary businesses and … conceptualized solutions to demonstrate the value of “free” labor in the developing global supply chain as well as …
 A depiction of the burning of Louisa Mabree, a French midwife and convicted witch, in a cage filled with black cats

The Rise of Freethinkers

Review of The Decline of Magic: Britain in the Enlightenment , by Michael Hunter (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2020)
… with the world. “The decline of magic” occurred after the Reformation of the sixteenth-century and forced a shift from … of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Deists and freethinkers to argue that these skeptical humanists, rather … of magic. Belief in magic and magical occurrences was commonplace before the Reformation and persisted long after …
Illustration of Packing Room in Opium Factory at Patna, India

The World of Opium: From “Free” to Illicit Trade

Review of Opium’s Long Shadow: From Asian Revolt to Global Drug Control , by Steffen Rimner (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2018)
… of Chinese defeat in the face of British imperial power and commercial interests. China wanted to stem the flow of opium … opium addiction. The British defended the principle of “free trade” in pursuit of vast profits. China lost the … and nations, Rimner demonstrates that there were many more forces at play in the anti-opium movement. Depictions of …

Yearning to Breathe Free: The American Immigration Story

… they simply never made enough to do so. “Many Chinamen have come; few have returned. Why is this?” representatives of … generally arrived to the East Coast. Once in the country, free immigrants followed labor opportunities wherever they … U.S. immigration document. Upon his return from a temporary visit to China in 1895, Wong was denied re-entry to San …
sign that states - parental advisory explicit content

Fight For Your Right to Freedom of Expression

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
US History since 1877
… disc jockeys. “Race” music (Jazz and Blues) written and performed by Black musicians was rarely heard by white … A handful of popular musicians at the time testified before congress arguing against what they perceived as … and a violation of the First Amendment’s guarantee of free speech. This lesson asks students to examine and …
WE.177A was an air-launched boosted fission weapon deployed by the UK

The Two Sides of the Nuclear Coin

… he and his fellow Republicans deserve much of the blame for their increase. Ever since the advent of the Bush … The Republican-dominated U.S. Senate refused to ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, a landmark measure negotiated … disarmament and other pledges made in the NPT. Ignoring the commitments made by his Democratic and Republican …
Alice Conklin's recent In the Museum of the Man: Race, Anthropology, and Empire in France, 1850-1950 Book Cover.

3/26/14: The Latest Books from OSU Historians

… the City: Anti-Urbanism in the Twentieth Century  (Oxford University Press, 2014). Diane King published  … Kurdistan on the Global Stage: Kinship, Land, and Community in Iraq  (Rutgers University Press, 2014). Daniel … 3/26/14: The Latest Books from OSU Historians …
person holding up sign that reads, end racism

Racism, Hate and Free Speech: The Search for New Boundaries of Sensitivity

… HERE IN NORTH AMERICA Racism, Hate and Free Speech: The Search for New Boundaries of Sensitivity Throughout North American … that the purported letters published in the New York Times comments were taken out of context and and a philosophical … Racism, Hate and Free Speech: The Search for New Boundaries of Sensitivity …
Polin Museum

A Postcard from Warsaw, Poland: POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews

… in Polish-Jewish history. After years of controversies and compromises, the final product represents the dedicated efforts of an array of scholars from various fields. The … however, is not intended to be a  Holocaust  museum, and visitors who expect the Holocaust to be its main focus, may …
The view of Dresden and the Elbe River from the very top of the Frauenkirche.

A Postcard from Dresden, Germany: Living in the Shadow of World War II

… or “Old Town,” is relatively new. This area had to be completely rebuilt after its destruction during  World War … Bellotto. On February 13, 1945, the British Royal Air Force and U.S. Army Air Force bombed Dresden. The … opera house, known as the Semperoper. [All photos by Nikki Freeman, 2015] …
The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) was one of the bloodiest in history: 8 million people lost their lives in Europe's deadliest religious conflict.

Secularism, Past and Future

Review of Secularism: Politics, Religion, and Freedom, by Andrew Copson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017)
… Fathers in the state’s high school curriculum. The reason for this posthumous pink-slip was not that Jefferson was a … civic harmony while protecting the right to religious freedom. While the concept itself has deep historical roots, … French scholar Jean Bauberot. Bauberot sees three essential components to a secular society: 1) the separation of …
Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center display.

America Needs New Words on Sept. 11

… 1863 Gettysburg Address and Franklin Roosevelt’s 1941 Four Freedoms speech. But rereading old speeches neither pays … speech inspired Americans to bear long and arduous war efforts, as our current war on terrorism surely will be. But they are inappropriate for this coming Sept. 11, no less than a newspaper printing last …
Cover of Mother of Invention by Robert I. Field

Government Fingers in the Health Care Jar?

Review of Mother of Invention: How the Government Created "Free Market Health Care", by Robert I. Field (Oxford University Press, 2013)
… subsidized “private” industries. To him, the “free market” functions as an idealized system of unfettered … up to this point: to pay for everything from hospital visits to prescriptions, one needs health insurance. Of the … that translates to the future of American health care comes in his final chapter. “Health care cannot function,” …

The United States, China, and the Money Question

… China . Some single out human rights issues, others Chinese foreign policy, but the most common rhetorical barbs tie back to trade and currency. This … else in its cargo: more than 20,000 Spanish silver coins. The goods the Americans were bringing would not be …
The Blood of Free Men: The Liberation of Paris, 1944, by Michael Neiberg Book Cover.

How the Sun Rose Again on the City of Light

Review of The Blood of Free Men: The Liberation of Paris, 1944, by Michael Neiberg (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
… On June 6, 1944, British, American, French, and Canadian forces landed on the French beaches at Normandy and began … roughly 300 km away. Michael Neiberg's book The Blood of Free Men focuses on the liberation experience of Paris.  … with collaborationist neighborhoods, areas of union and communist strength, and the German headquarters district. As …
Sacking of Rome.

Bush’s Road Leads Back to Rome’s Empire

For the Bush administration, the road of public policy leads … to the Roman republic as the model for our own rights and freedoms. But President Bush would have us emulate the Roman … the Romans had paved for their own armies to travel. If war comes, Iraq will be using the computers and cell phones and …
Emancipation Memorial Statue

Emancipation by What Means?

Review of The Zealot and the Emancipator: John Brown, Abraham Lincoln, and the Struggle for American Freedom, by H.W. Brands (New York: Doubleday, 2020)
… Emancipator: John Brown, Abraham Lincoln, and the Struggle for American Freedom is certainly timely. Brands engages contemporary … His subsequent arrest, trial, and execution led to Brown becoming a martyr for the cause of liberty. The book’s final … John Brown, Abraham Lincoln, and the Struggle for American Freedom , by H.W. Brands (New York: Doubleday, 2020) …