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The Long, Long Struggle for Women's Rights in Afghanistan

… this law and demand that the government repeal it. As one protester lamented to a New York Times reporter: … had very recently joined forces with the celebrated Tajik commander Ahmad Shah Massoud to establish the "Northern … wife if she refuses to have sex has been published in the official gazette and become law." The law applies to …

Updating ‘No Child Left Behind:’ Change, or More of the Same

… No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation into law in 2002, one thing was strikingly clear: politicians loved it almost … in American society. Educators tended to take an opposite view of these developments, believing that they … of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT). Weingarten complains that the administration's plans "put 100 percent …
State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen Book Cover.

The Anatomy of the Military-Industrial Complex

Review of State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2012)
… to the nation he coined the phrase "military-industrial complex." Eisenhower used that address to issue a warning to … the dangers of a permanent state of wartime readiness – one, it must be said, that he himself had helped to create – … institutions of government: a chapter on the presidency, one on Congress, and one looking at the expansion of the …
This painting, which dates from 1859, reimagines the toppling of the equestrian statue of George III in New York City. Erected in 1770, the statue featured the regent garbed in Roman military regalia on horseback, in the fashion of Marcus Aurelius. It is doubtful that Native Americans, women and children were in attendance at this episode of iconoclasm by the Sons of Liberty.

Ten Memorable Monument Takedowns in History

… August, 2017. The Confederate battle flag flies high on one side of the police line even as it burns on the other. … unpalatable, or politically divisive emperor, all official monuments carrying his likeness would be destroyed. … that of Nero’s by Vitellius. Damnatio memoriae was most common after regime change. Note however, that the names of …

How Public and Private Enterprise Have Built American Infrastructure

… ongoing capital campaign. Workers survey the damage after a commuter train crashed into a passenger car near Valhalla, … reports focused narrowly on transportation, which is only one of the many infrastructures that have made possible the … and internal improvements fill a wagon being pulled in opposite directions with Henry Clay and Horace Greeley on one

The Question of Refugees: Past and Present

… a crisis for refugees) neglects two fundamental issues. One consideration is that, since 2011, most Syrian refugees … face an uncertain future in the sprawling Dadaab camp complex in Kenya barely register on the radar of the global … asked for a sympathetic hearing from Israeli government officials, on the grounds that “not so long ago [you] were …
Cover of The Aryan Jesus: Christian Theologians and the Bible in Nazi Germany by Susannah Heschel.

God for Nazis

Review of The Aryan Jesus: Christian Theologians and the Bible in Nazi Germany , by Susannah Heschel (Princeton University Press, 2008)
… accepting Nazi anti Semitism and racial ideology required one to overcome a number of intellectual hurdles. How could one accept Nazi claims of Jewish inferiority if Jesus …
The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) was one of the bloodiest in history: 8 million people lost their lives in Europe's deadliest religious conflict.

Secularism, Past and Future

Review of Secularism: Politics, Religion, and Freedom, by Andrew Copson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017)
… was a slave-holder or even that he fathered children with one of those slaves. Rather, Jefferson’s sin in the eyes of … French scholar Jean Bauberot. Bauberot sees three essential components to a secular society: 1) the separation of religious …
Caster Semenya at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Woman, Man, Neither? The Predicament of a World-Class Runner

… World Track Championships in Berlin last month, has been unofficially declared intersexed. If she is, it means that she … internal sex anatomy (ovaries or testes and her hormones and chromosomes. The International Association of … go either way. All it took was the parents’ unwavering commitment toward raising either a boy or a girl, and this …

American Presidential Scandals

… things. It isn’t just that the Trump administration is prone to scandal. The Trump administration is prone to an … A tweet from the Richard Nixon Presidential Library after comparisons were made between Nixon and President Trump when … they took the additional precautions of paying Treasury officials for inside information and attempting to bribe …
An MP looking north from South Korea in the Demilitarized Zone, 2008.

The War That Never Ended: The Legacy of the Korean War

… forces, however, the South Korean military repelled the Communist attack and eventually pushed them north of the … A peace treaty was never signed; the Korean War has never officially ended. Despite its relative brevity, the … a siege mentality on both sides of  the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) , and this division of the two Koreas remains a  …
Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)—Article 19 states that "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers."

Free Speech: Still Under Threat

… than that enjoyed by the British, whose draconian libel and official secrets laws can stop the distribution of books, … After all, American society is now among the world's most complex. In a nation of such diverse origins, practices and views, one should expect sharp clashes over published ideas and …
Secretary of State John Kerry continued his meetings in Lausanne with Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif. Under Secretary Wendy Sherman and Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz are participating in the meetings.

Iran’s Nuclear Diplomacy

… have met periodically in Vienna in an attempt to accomplish what was long considered a near-impossible task. … it doesn’t develop nuclear weapons, and thereby mitigate one of the most pressing international security concerns of … and set efforts to curb its nuclear program back to square one. Trump also reinforced Tehran’s fears about the dangers …
President George W. Bush signs a law in front of senators.

The Dark Side of “Faith-Based Initiatives”

… President Bush’s Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives — created to give religious groups tax … work of a Texas professor and born-again Christian, who is one of George W. Bush’s designated philosophers: Marvin … to tell who wielded authority. States no longer sponsored official churches; religious and political authority were …

From Gaza to Jerusalem: Is the Two State Solution under Siege?

… demands to inspect the cargo they carried, and Israeli navy commandos boarded the vessels before the boats pulled into … the geography of the conflict has shifted, never staying in one place for too long, and involving ever-shifting … under the Oslo framework since the early 1990s did the opposite of achieving peace. Horrific sequences of suicide …

(Fore)Closing on the American Dream

… United States. In this country, the mortgage market is prone to greater growth than in the rest of the world because other countries require more money up front and require repayment more quickly. Recently, … lucky. Their ability to afford their monthly payments was compromised first by the falling market, then by mortgages …

The Roots of Venezuela's Failing State

… to an oil bonanza, the government was able to spend more money (in absolute terms) from 1974 to 1979 than in its … in 2016. Diphtheria, once thought eradicated, has made a comeback . By some estimates, 2.5 million people have left … the failed 2002 coup, and he named close senior military officials to government positions. Other officers have been …