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Map showing position of North Korea relative to China

What Are They Thinking in Beijing?

… directly challenged Chinese Communist Party (CCP) policies and yet have not been suppressed by force. It’s tempting to … last November as the leader of the Politburo’s powerful Standing Committee. But we shouldn’t make too much of Jiang’s … Seeing recent actions this way will help us better understand what makes the government of the world’s most populous …
The new Terrorism Confinement Center in El Salvador, which opened in February 2023, was built to detain thousands suspected gang members.

Marching Back to the Past: Militarism in El Salvador

… in order to prioritize a crackdown on gang activity and violence.  While President Nayib Bukele and the National Police reported very few homicides during these months, and while a majority of members of the legislative assembly … South & Central America …
General Sandino and Staff standing near a car

The Sandino Manifesto and the Birth of the Nicaraguan Revolution

On July 1, 1927, the Nicaraguan revolutionary leader Augusto Nicolás Calderón de Sandino, a.k.a. Augusto “César” Sandino, proclaimed his manifesto extolling continued Nicaraguan resistance against U.S. intervention in his country.
… revolutionary leader Augusto Nicolás Calderón de Sandino, a.k.a. Augusto “César” Sandino, proclaimed his manifesto extolling continued … production by Katherine Weiss, Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle, and Laura Seeger.     … revolutionary leader Augusto Nicolás Calderón de Sandino, a.k.a. Augusto “César” Sandino, proclaimed his …
Emperor Haile Selassie I

Haile Selassie I and an Independent Ethiopia

Haile Selassie’s triumphant return to Ethiopia on May 5, 1941, signaled the re‐establishment of the Solomonic Dynasty and a sovereign Ethiopia.
… signaled the re ‐ establishment of the Solomonic Dynasty and a sovereign Ethiopia.  Written by Andrew Carlson. Narration by Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Production by Laura Seeger and Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Video and written versions of … signaled the re‐establishment of the Solomonic Dynasty and a sovereign Ethiopia. …
US Marines fight rebellious Boxers outside Beijing Legation Quarter, 1900 – copy of painting by Sergeant John Clymer

The Boxer Rebellion

… The Boxers, or  Yihequan (“Righteous and Harmonious Fists” in Chinese), arose in Qing  China  at … of the 20th century as a reaction against foreign influence and a rejection of  Western imperialism .  The Qing Dynasty, … such as the  Opium Wars with the British (1839-1841), and domestic unrest, like the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864), …
posters of 50 candidates in a Japanese election

Japanese Politics in Flux: Mixing Idealism and Realism

… AROUND THE WORLD Japanese Politics in Flux: Mixing Idealism and Realism ~fter almost forty years of relative stasis, the … in the maJonty for the first time since 1955. Both Japanese and foreign analysts are striving to understand the process of change and the path which the politics of …
Exiles carry a poster against the communist government of Cuba, in a demonstration in Miami

Cuba in Focus–Again

… They are approximately 1.2 million people, some 800,000 in and around Miami, some 80,000 in New Jersey's New York City suburbs, and the rest scattered, mostly in large cities. Their … would bring democracy to Cuba. They include such figures as Andres Nasario, a former guerrilla leader in the Escambray …
Cartoonist Clifford Berryman depicts Uncle Sam after a hard-won U.S. victory in Santiago Bay, Cuba during the Spanish-American War.

What Happened When We Stayed the Course in Cuba

… What has it taught him? That determination succeeds and weakness fails. In a recent speech to the Veterans of … democracy to Iraq, just as they did to nations in Europe and Asia in the years following World War II. But we must … of Cuba. From 1898 to 1959, America was steadfast in Cuba – and the result was disastrous. Much like the Bush …
Cover of "Our Hemisphere"? The United States in Latin America, from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall.

Episodes of Ambivalent Empire

Review of “Our Hemisphere”? The United States in Latin America, from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by : Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2021)
… to the Venezuelan government, “The Monroe Doctrine is alive and well, it’s our hemisphere.” Bolton’s quote is the point of departure for Britta and Russell Crandall's survey of the nearly two and half centuries of the … from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by : Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall (New Haven and London: Yale …
Holding a copy of ”Selected Works of Mao Zedong," Red Guards are featured on the cover of a Guangxi elementary school textbook, 1971.

"Mao's Last Revolution": China's Cultural Transformation

… alleged class enemies, the toppling of Party officials high and low, and the reinstatement of political control via revolutionary … The Cultural Revolution was simultaneously a political and a cultural movement, aiming not only at political … East Asia & Southeast Asia …
U.S. soldiers walking through rubble in Manila

The Battle for Manila

Public memory of the battle for Manila includes a mixture of gratitude toward the Americans, nationalistic defiance, and horror.
The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi Book Cover

Clashing Shades of Red

Review of The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008)
… major event?  1. the end of the Cold War; 2. September 11 and its aftermath; or 3. the rise of China.  A bit … argument for answer C.  The collapse of the Soviet Empire and the start of America's so-called "War on Terror" will be … It controls much of the world's manufacturing-core and acts increasingly as the capitalist-system's primary …
President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967.

How to Intervene and Get Out

… shopworn Vietnam analogy. That war haunts both supporters and opponents of the 2003 U.S. invasion, and more so as the occupation enters its third year. … the conflict is a “quagmire” dragging down U.S. resources and morale. It’s possible that both are wrong. Why? Because …
group of protesters with linked arms at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue

The People Power Revolution, Philippines 1986

From February 22 to 25, 1986, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos gathered on Epifanio de los Santos Avenue to protest President Ferdinand Marcos' claim that he had won re-election.
… From February 22 to 25, 1986, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos gathered on Epifanio de los Santos Avenue to protest President Ferdinand Marcos and his claim that he had won re-election over Corazon … From February 22 to 25, 1986, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos gathered on Epifanio de los Santos Avenue …
Mexican flag in a square

A Postcard from Mexico City

… As I quickly discovered, Mexico City and its region allow you to travel through centuries and several phases of history. San Juan Teotihuacán, on the … outskirts of Mexico City, thrived as a city nearly two thousand years ago. The rise and decline of the civilization that …
Detail of an 8th-century silk painting depicting Wu Zeitan.

Wu Zetian: The Only Woman Emperor in Chinese History

… CE; r. 690–705) is a study in ambition, resilience, and the ability to bend an entire society’s rules to her … character she created for herself, meaning “the sun, moon, and the sky.” Her father, Wu Shiyue, was a prominent supporter of the rebellion that toppled the Sui and established the Tang dynasty. He rose to become Minister …
Liu Bang

Liu Bang, from Peasant Rebel to Emperor

Liu Bang rose from obscurity to be crowned emperor of China 2215 years ago on the 28th of February, 202 BCE.
… B. Breyfogle. Video production by Cody Patton, Laura Seeger and Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle.   … East Asia & Southeast Asia …