The Battle for Manila
Public memory of the battle for Manila includes a mixture of gratitude toward the Americans, nationalistic defiance, and horror.
… of gratitude toward the Americans, nationalistic defiance, and horror. The liberation claimed the lives of a thousand Americans, 16,000 Japanese, and 100,000 Manileños, one tenth of the population. Written … of gratitude toward the Americans, nationalistic defiance, and horror. …