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U.S. soldiers walking through rubble in Manila

The Battle for Manila

Public memory of the battle for Manila includes a mixture of gratitude toward the Americans, nationalistic defiance, and horror.
… of gratitude toward the Americans, nationalistic defiance, and horror. The liberation claimed the lives of a thousand Americans, 16,000 Japanese, and 100,000 Manileños, one tenth of the population. Written … of gratitude toward the Americans, nationalistic defiance, and horror. …
The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi Book Cover

Clashing Shades of Red

Review of The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008)
… major event?  1. the end of the Cold War; 2. September 11 and its aftermath; or 3. the rise of China.  A bit … argument for answer C.  The collapse of the Soviet Empire and the start of America's so-called "War on Terror" will be … It controls much of the world's manufacturing-core and acts increasingly as the capitalist-system's primary …
Mexican flag in a square

A Postcard from Mexico City

… As I quickly discovered, Mexico City and its region allow you to travel through centuries and several phases of history. San Juan Teotihuacán, on the … outskirts of Mexico City, thrived as a city nearly two thousand years ago. The rise and decline of the civilization that …

当前委内瑞拉危机的历史根源

… 由于低油价以及国际债务利率上升的打击,委内瑞拉政府努力地筹集资金。总统卡洛斯·安德烈斯·佩雷斯(Carlos Andrés Pérez)试图在 1989 年 2 … 由于低油价以及国际债务利率上升的打击,委内瑞拉政府努力地筹集资金。总统卡洛斯·安德烈斯·佩雷斯(Carlos Andrés Pérez)试图在 1989 年 2 … 由于低油价以及国际债务利率上升的打击,委内瑞拉政府努力地筹集资金。总统卡洛斯·安德烈斯·佩雷斯(Carlos Andrés Pérez)试图在 1989 年 2 … South & Central America …
Ita Ford and Dorothy Kazel, two of the murdered women of El Salvador

The Murdered Churchwomen in El Salvador

… from left to right: Maura Clarke, Ita Ford, Dorothy Kazel, and Jean Donovan. Image courtesy of the Maryknoll Sisters. … 2, 1980, four churchwomen—Maryknoll Sisters Maura Clarke and Ita Ford, Ursuline Sister Dorothy Kazel, and lay missionary Jean Donovan—became victims of escalating …
The Algerian flag.

Torture in Iraq: Lessons from Algeria

… They could, however, be the words of torturers everywhere and in every era. The French case provides eerie parallels … allegations about the use of torture in Iraq, Afghanistan and Guantanamo. A democracy like the United States, France … Algerian situation. Its rejection of Geneva protections, and the consequent acceptance of harsher methods of …
group of protesters with linked arms at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue

The People Power Revolution, Philippines 1986

From February 22 to 25, 1986, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos gathered on Epifanio de los Santos Avenue to protest President Ferdinand Marcos' claim that he had won re-election.
… From February 22 to 25, 1986, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos gathered on Epifanio de los Santos Avenue to protest President Ferdinand Marcos and his claim that he had won re-election over Corazon … From February 22 to 25, 1986, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos gathered on Epifanio de los Santos Avenue …
A wood engraving of President Woodrow Wilson from 1918.

The Osama bin Laden of 1916

… Last week’s attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon have elicited frequent allusions to the … cases an attack without warning cost the United States thousands of lives, and stirred fear and anger. As in 1941, the event has united … South & Central America …
Amritsar Massacre

The Amritsar Massacre (1919)

The massacre and continued police brutality were turning points in Indian anti-colonialism.
… crowd of Indians. Learn what led up to the massacre and its repercussions. Written by Archana Venkatesh. … Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Video production by Laura Seeger and Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Audio production by Paul … team includes Editors Nicholas Breyfogle, Steven Conn and David Steigerwald; Managing Editors Lauren Henry, Sarah …
North Korea's prime minister Kim Il-sung and China's premier Zhou Enlai tour Beijing in 1958.

China Holds the Key to the North Korea Problem

… of the United Nations for failing to deter aggression and preserve world peace. That blame is misplaced. In this case, responsibility for controlling North Korea, and the ability to do so, falls squarely on China.   The way … that might precipitate a world war.   When Great Britain and the United States developed the first plans for the UN …
Escobar: Paradise Lost, directed by Andrea Di Stefano

2/6/2015: At the Movies: Escobar

… Escobar: Paradise Lost is the directorial debut of Andrea Di Stefano, who also wrote the film. Set in Colombia … surfer Nick (Josh Hutcherson of The Hunger Games fame) and Maria (played by Spanish television star Claudia … by Benicio Del Toro). Escobar: Paradise Lost,  directed by Andrea Di Stefano Del Toro is not the lead, and this is …
Flag of the People's Republic of China

With Enemies Like These…

… which country had the best claim to a group of small islands located in the East China Sea, to the flurry of … how Deng Xiaoping’s death may affect the People’s Republic and our relations with its leadership.   One curious thing … The pair in question, Taiwan’s President Lee Teng-hui and Disney CEO Michael Eisner, are individuals who otherwise …
Detail of an 8th-century silk painting depicting Wu Zeitan.

Wu Zetian: The Only Woman Emperor in Chinese History

… CE; r. 690–705) is a study in ambition, resilience, and the ability to bend an entire society’s rules to her … character she created for herself, meaning “the sun, moon, and the sky.” Her father, Wu Shiyue, was a prominent supporter of the rebellion that toppled the Sui and established the Tang dynasty. He rose to become Minister …
Liu Bang

Liu Bang, from Peasant Rebel to Emperor

Liu Bang rose from obscurity to be crowned emperor of China 2215 years ago on the 28th of February, 202 BCE.
… B. Breyfogle. Video production by Cody Patton, Laura Seeger and Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle.   … East Asia & Southeast Asia …
Alfonso García Robles at the Public Hearing on Nuclear Weapons and Disarmament in 1981.

A Model for a Nuclear-Free Middle East

… still exist in the Middle East. Israel has nuclear weapons, and its rival Iran is suspected of developing them. Other … may resort to nuclear weapons as a response to Israel's and Iran's possession of them. The Middle East can avoid the … crisis almost led to a nuclear war between the Soviet Union and the United States. The Soviet missiles were eventually …
Palais de Beaulieu

The Theological Third Way in Latin America

Review of A Gospel for the Poor: Global Social Christianity and the Latin American Evangelical Left, by David C. Kirkpatrick (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019)
Ration distribution point.

The Other War in Pakistan

… Defeating the Taliban and al-Qaida is only one part of the struggle to build peace … to win Pakistanis over to the side of the United States and away from the Taliban and al-Qaida. Aiding the refugees is clearly in the national … South Asia …
The Dalai Lama during a visit to Boston, Massachusetts in 2017.

An Effective American Policy on Tibet?

… by demonstrators. None of them have been more strident and belligerent than those advocating Tibetan independence.  … the deification of the Tibetan leader, the Dalai Lama, and Hollywood’s successful romanticization of Tibet. They demand that President Clinton act forcefully to compel China to …
An image comparing Communism to Naziism

Historical Analogies and the China Debate

… thing. It helps place a contemporary problem in a new light and can even aid the construction of sensible public … Misconceived or misapplied analogies, on the other hand, are a very different matter. Unfortunately, bad … analogies, at a crucial point in the history of China and of Sino-American relations, is a troubling and dangerous …
President Edelmiro Farrell (left) and the Vice President and Colonel Juan Perón, in April 1945.

Argentina’s Day of Loyalty and the Birth of Peronism

… morning of 17 October 1945, workers in the federal capital and the province of Buenos Aires began marching toward the Plaza de Mayo and the Casa Rosada, the home of the executive branch. The … carried on. The workers were there to stay until their demand was achieved: the release from military custody of …
Aftermath of the al-Qaida bombing at the U.S. Embassy in Tanzania in 1998.

When America Was Considered a Rogue Nation

… the Civil War, people in Latin America, Western Europe, and even the faraway Hawaiian kingdom were convinced that … operated in underground cells, used secret codes and wreaked havoc. They attacked Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Nicaragua and Honduras and were suspected of planning attacks …
A tractor purchased through the Marshall Plan for France.

Grand Fenwick, Afghanistan and Iraq

… having led a coalition to defeat the Taliban in Afghanistan and now aiming at Iraq, the president might learn what to do with those countries by taking a break from big books and watching a funny movie. Not any funny movie, but “The … should seek now. The best American policy for Afghanistan, and one that might make an attack on Iraq more successful, …