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Hospital workers

Corona in context: Lessons from the SARS Pandemic of 2003

Soon after SARS was discovered, labs around the world shared information in search of a cure.
… As the world grapples with the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, it is important to remember that this … Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Video production by Laura Seeger and Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Audio production by Paul … team includes Editors Nicholas Breyfogle, Steven Conn and David Steigerwald; Managing Editors Lauren Henry, Sarah …
"Terracotta Warriors" in China

Ancient China and the Peasant Emperor

Grade Level
4-8
Teaching Area
Ancient History
World History to 1500
… look at a key moment in the formation of the Chinese state and the Han identity. It highlights Chinese art, language, and ethnography. This ties into the state standards regarding Asian feudalism and contemporary issues of … East Asia & Southeast Asia … Ancient China and the Peasant Emperor …
The Dalai Lama waves to a crowd during a visit to the Netherlands in the 1980s.

Hong Kong and Tibet

… promised — in writing — would retain its own laws, customs and economy. Some forty years ago, Tibetans were given almost the same standing the Chinese have guaranteed Hong Kong. In its first … Chee-hwa — to eliminate guarantees on freedom of assembly and speech). But social and religious institutions in …
President George W. Bush shakes hands with China's President Hu Jintao following his visit and meeting Sunday, Aug. 10, 2008, with the Chinese leader at Zhongnanhai, the Chinese leaders compound in Beijing.

What Open Skies Can Do For Chinese-American Relations

… U.S. security. At their recent meeting both President Bush and Chinese President Hu Jintao acknowledged the need to better increase their exchanges and cooperation between their armed forces. A competition in armaments between China and the United States will cause increased tensions and the …
Print depicting the USS Olympia firing on the Spanish fleet during the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898.

Top Ten Origins: Puerto Rico and the United States

… They underscored just how little many Americans understand about the value and complexity of the relationship between the 50 states and this island territory. In fact, Puerto Ricans are … Amanda Lawson … South & Central America … Top Ten Origins: Puerto Rico and the United States …
German and Indian troops as part of the international coalition to put down the Boxer Rebellion

History Shadows U.S.-China Relations

… attention. The collision last April between a Chinese jet and an American aircraft triggered a spy-plane crisis. And the Japanese Prime Minister’s plan to visit a shrine … during World War II has inflamed tension between China and Japan. When Bush gets to Beijing, however, one thing his …
Burial detail at Camp O'Donnell after the Bataan Death March

The Bataan Death March

Perhaps no historical event illustrates the potential disaster awaiting military forces put in a hopeless strategic situation than the fall of the Philippines in the spring of 1942.
… Although Americans today may take the tactical and operational brilliance of their military forces for … B. Breyfogle. Video production by Cody Patton, Laura Seeger and Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle.  … East Asia & Southeast Asia …
Aerial view of Hiroshima before the bombing

Bombing Hiroshima

… unimaginable suffering. The blast killed 80,000 instantly, and over 100,000 additional people would later succumb to … earth in a “black rain.” Aerial view of Hiroshima before  and then  after  the bombing. The situation was made worse … weapons; despite the fact that it was a major military base and was designated to be the new capital should Tokyo fall …
Bird on rock outcrop in Galapagos Islands

What’s “Natural” on the Galapagos Islands?

Humans have controlled and, at times, eliminated animal populations on the islands.
… In geologic years, the Galapagos Islands are infants. Located on the perpetually moving Nazca tectonic plate, the islands were formed through repeated volcanic activity. Layer by layer, the islands have risen off the ocean floor, forming a chain that is … Humans have controlled and, at times, eliminated animal populations on the islands. …
Map showing position of North Korea relative to China

What Are They Thinking in Beijing?

… directly challenged Chinese Communist Party (CCP) policies and yet have not been suppressed by force. It’s tempting to … last November as the leader of the Politburo’s powerful Standing Committee. But we shouldn’t make too much of Jiang’s … Seeing recent actions this way will help us better understand what makes the government of the world’s most populous …
women with hands raised in air holding a sign protesting the Bhopal Chemical disaster

The Bhopal Chemical Gas Disaster

On the night of 2-3 December 1984, a Union Carbide chemical facility at Bhopal leaked over 27 tons of the highly toxic gas methyl isocyanate, poisoning tens of thousands of people in the middle of the night, most of whom were sleeping in their homes.
… highly toxic gas methyl isocyanate, poisoning tens of thousands of people in the middle of the night, most of whom were … production by Hannah Keller, Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle, and Laura Seeger.  Learn More: “40 Years of Confronting … /union-carbides-disaster/basic-facts-figures-numbers-of-dead-and-injured-bhopal-disaster/ “Bhopal gas leak: Battling …
battle at Tenochtitlan

The Fall of Tenochtitlan

After a brutal 75-day siege, the Mexica capital of Tenochtitlan surrendered on August 13, 1521.
… The war cost tens of thousands of lives, civilian and warrior alike. It was a war of atrocity, massacre, and systematic violence. By the end, a few thousandSouth & Central America …
The new Terrorism Confinement Center in El Salvador, which opened in February 2023, was built to detain thousands suspected gang members.

Marching Back to the Past: Militarism in El Salvador

… in order to prioritize a crackdown on gang activity and violence.  While President Nayib Bukele and the National Police reported very few homicides during these months, and while a majority of members of the legislative assembly … South & Central America …
General Sandino and Staff standing near a car

The Sandino Manifesto and the Birth of the Nicaraguan Revolution

On July 1, 1927, the Nicaraguan revolutionary leader Augusto Nicolás Calderón de Sandino, a.k.a. Augusto “César” Sandino, proclaimed his manifesto extolling continued Nicaraguan resistance against U.S. intervention in his country.
… revolutionary leader Augusto Nicolás Calderón de Sandino, a.k.a. Augusto “César” Sandino, proclaimed his manifesto extolling continued … production by Katherine Weiss, Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle, and Laura Seeger.     … revolutionary leader Augusto Nicolás Calderón de Sandino, a.k.a. Augusto “César” Sandino, proclaimed his …
Emperor Haile Selassie I

Haile Selassie I and an Independent Ethiopia

Haile Selassie’s triumphant return to Ethiopia on May 5, 1941, signaled the re‐establishment of the Solomonic Dynasty and a sovereign Ethiopia.
… signaled the re ‐ establishment of the Solomonic Dynasty and a sovereign Ethiopia.  Written by Andrew Carlson. Narration by Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Production by Laura Seeger and Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Video and written versions of … signaled the re‐establishment of the Solomonic Dynasty and a sovereign Ethiopia. …
posters of 50 candidates in a Japanese election

Japanese Politics in Flux: Mixing Idealism and Realism

… AROUND THE WORLD Japanese Politics in Flux: Mixing Idealism and Realism ~fter almost forty years of relative stasis, the … in the maJonty for the first time since 1955. Both Japanese and foreign analysts are striving to understand the process of change and the path which the politics of …
Exiles carry a poster against the communist government of Cuba, in a demonstration in Miami

Cuba in Focus–Again

… They are approximately 1.2 million people, some 800,000 in and around Miami, some 80,000 in New Jersey's New York City suburbs, and the rest scattered, mostly in large cities. Their … would bring democracy to Cuba. They include such figures as Andres Nasario, a former guerrilla leader in the Escambray …
Cartoonist Clifford Berryman depicts Uncle Sam after a hard-won U.S. victory in Santiago Bay, Cuba during the Spanish-American War.

What Happened When We Stayed the Course in Cuba

… What has it taught him? That determination succeeds and weakness fails. In a recent speech to the Veterans of … democracy to Iraq, just as they did to nations in Europe and Asia in the years following World War II. But we must … of Cuba. From 1898 to 1959, America was steadfast in Cuba – and the result was disastrous. Much like the Bush …
Cover of "Our Hemisphere"? The United States in Latin America, from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall.

Episodes of Ambivalent Empire

Review of “Our Hemisphere”? The United States in Latin America, from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by : Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2021)
… to the Venezuelan government, “The Monroe Doctrine is alive and well, it’s our hemisphere.” Bolton’s quote is the point of departure for Britta and Russell Crandall's survey of the nearly two and half centuries of the … from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by : Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall (New Haven and London: Yale …
US Marines fight rebellious Boxers outside Beijing Legation Quarter, 1900 – copy of painting by Sergeant John Clymer

The Boxer Rebellion

… The Boxers, or  Yihequan (“Righteous and Harmonious Fists” in Chinese), arose in Qing  China  at … of the 20th century as a reaction against foreign influence and a rejection of  Western imperialism .  The Qing Dynasty, … such as the  Opium Wars with the British (1839-1841), and domestic unrest, like the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864), …