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Map of the Electoral College for the 2024 United States presidential election.

Arguing the Electoral College: Con

… Because of its indeterminacy?  No. Its singular distinction comes from the fact that never before have both the popular … of either the nation's informal popularity contest or its official Electoral College count. This disturbing outcome … thwart the popular will when one candidate garners the requisite number of electoral votes in states that are evenly …
map of Yugoslavia

What Victory in Yugoslavia May Mean for Future Wars

… capabilities. And after he made a public attack on official air policies, he was court-martialed in 1925 and … to support their own operations, but Army Air Force commanders tried instead to amass all the planes they could … is that what we have seen in Yugoslavia is likely to become the pattern for future U.S. interventions. But there is …
Official portrait of President Gerald R. Ford (February 25, 1976).

Will Vindication Elude Ford?

… evening, his well-deserved vindication will probably never come. Thrust into a difficult situation — one he handled … Nixon would not be prosecuted for any crimes he might have committed. Forever afterward, Ford was dogged by charges … for Ford’s reputation to rebound. The rebound has never come. Invariably, in every poll and book and study, he is …
Custis Lee (1832–1913) on horseback in front of the Jefferson Davis Memorial in Richmond, Virginia on June 3, 1907, reviewing Confederate Reunion Parade.

Trent Lott and the Collapse of Southern Mythology

… drawing to a close, the ghosts of Southern history have become important players in national politics. The fallout … emotional support of Virginia’s ban on cross-burning. The incoming governor of Georgia meanwhile ponders whether to … brought national largesse to Mississippi. In doing so, he compromised his own supposed aversion to the federal …

The Unkept Promise of Nuclear Power

… Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of plutonium, visited Richland, Washington, and the adjacent Hanford Nuclear … attends Operation Plumbbob as Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, 1968 (left). The nuclear reactors at the Hanford … to celebrate the bomb. As Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) throughout the 1960s, he was perhaps the …
The Beatles arrive in 1964 to meet their new fans in America.

50 Years Ago: the Beatles, Rock, and Race in America

… would help define American life for generations to come. In 1964, the relatively new musical genre of rock and … in race music and began to provide more of these records to complement the demand. Radio DJs like Alan Freed started … the opinions of the record executive, Mitch Miller, who complained in 1958, “Much of the juvenile stuff pumped over …
woman with futuristic facial wear

Afrofuturism: Constructing a Better Future

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
World History since 1500
… The term Afrofuturism was coined by Mark Dery in 1993, but encompasses a long history of African American and African … diaspora through technoculture and science fiction, encompassing a range of media and artists with a shared …
Flag of Crimea

3/3/14: A Volatile Crimea

… dissent between Crimea's pro and anti-Russian populace is compounded by Russia's refusal to respect its border laws. … attention internationally, as European and American officials work together to decide what to make of Russian …
American soldiers salute while in formation in 1977.

Time to Ask and Tell!

… law into the 21st century by lifting the ban. Behind the official ban on open gay military service lies a policy that … because of stereotypes of effeminacy. Military men caught committing sodomy faced courts-martial. During World War II, … carnal copulation with another person of the same or opposite sex.” Gays were seen as vulnerable to blackmail and …
Photo of Ernest Hemingway smiling.

The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles

Review of The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles, by Stephen Koch (New York: Counterpoint, 2005)
… spread to the Spanish conflict. Robles went to his death a committed Stalinist, but to shroud the reality of the purges, Stalinist officials declared that Robles had been shot as a fascist spy. Dos Passos was politically astute and a committed leftist though not a declared Stalinist. …

Populism and Anti-Americanism in Modern Latin America

… condescending expletive phrases directed at U.S. government officials, Chávez is emblematic of a new type of leader in … Brazil and Chile, are not populists. Consequently, the most common definition of populism in political science today … to "the people." In other words, populism is a way of competing in elections and governing once in office that …
Jair Bolsonaro speaking at microphone

Brazil, Bolsonaro, and the Politics of Nostalgia

… Eric Michael Rhodes  Welcome to History Talk the podcast that brings together … their military regimes, Brazil only established its own official truth commission in 2014 under Dilma Rousseff, who … Rhodes, song and band information can be found on our website. You can find our podcasts and more on our website
The Pride Flag being hoisted onto the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington.

Hatred Aimed at Gays Hurts All

… hands in public, embracing at an airport, or from being comfortable in workplaces where heterosexual family photos … or real homosexuality has a long history. Much before the official terms and classifications of heterosexual and … signals of same-gender love. This culture has a deep and complicated history as the Freemasons engraving and poem …
Cover of The End of the West: The Once and Future Europe by David Marquand

The End of the World as We Know It?

Review of The End of the West: The Once and Future Europe, by David Marquand (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011)
… - the deliberate construction of a supranational European Community, based on law rather than force, in which ancient … European Union's population stands at 500 million with a combined GDP of $16 trillion outpacing the U.S. by $2 … who held positions in the European Union were technocratic officials first and foremost and public figures almost …
Side view of an Andrew Jackson bust at the MET.

The Long Tradition of White House Sex Scandals

… because they married in the 1790s before her divorce had officially become final. He won the election anyway, but she died of a … Washington boarding house and causing her first husband to commit suicide out of shame over her supposed blatant sexual …
The Rodina crew. Left to right: Polina Osipenko, Valentina Grizodubova, and Marina Raskova.

The Rodina Flight

The Remarkable Story of the Women’s Non-Stop Long-Distance Flight Record
… miles in a straight line).  Plans for the women’s flight commenced three months earlier in August 1938. Valeriy … date to late September. By the time she recovered, a state commission recommended canceling the flight due to poor … nighttime operations in low-flying planes.  Women could not officially enter other divisions of the military until April …
Government of National Unity in 2009. Left to right: Arthur Mutambara, Robert Mugabe, Morgan Tsvangirai, and Thabo Mbeki.

A Lesson for South Africa? Zimbabwe’s Path to Multi-Party Rule

… bloody civil war that lasted almost 15 years, from 1965 to official independence in 1980.   Political factors complicated matters. Since the early 1960s, the British … rule, a move that was condemned by the international community. In response, members of the United Nations (UN) …
Woman reading inside a newsstand in the 1950s.

Journalists and the Bomb

… atomic bombing of two Japanese cities. Most reporters and commentators who write about Hiroshima and Nagasaki … The claim of "military necessity," he argued, rang hollow. Official justifications would "never erase from our minds … A few months later, one of the most popular radio commentators during the war years, Raymond Swing, declared …
Bust of Abraham Lincoln.

Getting Wrong with Lincoln

… our more prominent pundits have actually repeated, and thus compounded, the movie star’s error. The bogus quotation … collected works or certified recollected words. His official biographer called the statement, which began … Central Railroad, one of the largest and most “insolent” commercial interests of the era. As a devoted member of the …
Jefferson High School Marching Colonials perform on the steps of National Archives Building on Constitution Day, September 17, 1974.

Let’s Do Something Constitutional on Constitution Day

… there’s something empty about such reverence if our elected officials ignore key grants of power. Take the case of the … 2, Section 2, couldn’t be clearer: “The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United … there any grant of the sweeping powers now claimed for the commander in chief. Indeed, the congressional power to …