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Trade Wars: The Collapse of America's Free Trade Consensus

… so roundly rejected free trade. Yet what is even more striking is that Trump’s opposition to trade agreements appeared … Prize in 1945, the awarding committee summed up Hull’s thinking this way: “High tariffs are barriers obstructing the … right, Cordell Hull, Canadian Prime Minister W.L. Mackenzie King, and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signing the …
This iconic 1846 lithograph by Nathaniel Currier was entitled "The Destruction of Tea at Boston Harbor"; the phrase "Boston Tea Party" had not yet become standard. Contrary to Currier's depiction, few of the men dumping the tea were actually disguised as Native Americans.

Tea Parties Then and Now — A Crucial Difference

… newly elected Democratic president, Barack Obama, began working with Democratic majorities in the Senate and the House … lost to smuggling.   So in May 1773 Parliament passed and King George III assented to the Tea Act, which allowed the … get its taxes, and, because middlemen would no longer be taking a cut, colonists would actually be paying less for …

Breaking Up Is Hard to Do: America's Love Affair with the Two-Party System

… a bourbon in the other, listening for the sounds of a cracking foundation. Karl-Rove-vs.-Tea-Party smackdown ! … winning an election in the first place. Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren were ideal political partners in this new … party period. Roosevelt became President in 1901 upon the assassination of William McKinley. In 1904 , he was …
War News from Mexico (1848).

“Hostilities” and War Powers: Let’s Choose the Constitution

… that, "The provision of the Constitution giving the war-making power to Congress" was predicated on the fact that "kings had always been involving and impoverishing their …  In a democracy, "no one man should hold the power of" embarking on war.   Some Democrats, led by Sen. John C. Calhoun, …
Marker: "90 Miles to Cuba. Southernmost Point, Continental USA. Key West, FL"

Rethinking Cuba Libre

… with the island, in terms of perhaps colonizing or taking control of the island politically. But it wasn't until … which specified that we would not be occupying or taking control of the island. However, we would be able to … and to oppose the inter-American meeting. There was an assassination of a leader in Bogotá that had nothing to do …
US Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., signing the UN Charter on 26 June 1945. President Truman stands by at left (UN Photo/Yould).

The Signing of the United Nations Charter

… its creation was also proof that the United States was taking a more active role in world affairs. The San Francisco … regional authority (the Big Four: the United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and China). His staff and American …
Secretary of State John Kerry continued his meetings in Lausanne with Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif. Under Secretary Wendy Sherman and Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz are participating in the meetings.

Iran’s Nuclear Diplomacy

… considered a near-impossible task. Once again they are working to conclude an agreement with the Islamic Republic of … significant historical episodes of the United States working counter to the interests and wellbeing of the Iranian … according to a report published about a week after his assassination by the United States in January 2020, former …
Monica Lewinsky's official government ID photo from 1997.

Another Watergate?

… political opponents; planning a break-in at the Brookings Institution; forging cable messages intended to implicate President Kennedy in the 1963 assassination of South Vietnamese President Diem; exchanging …
Film poster for Pather Panchali (1955).

Top Ten Origins: From Bollywood to Indywood

… languages and its 1962 census recorded residents speaking over 1600 native tongues. It is common to find people … is reflected rather spectacularly in Indian filmmaking. Although the world at large generally equates … but the likes of Akira Kurosawa, Wes Anderson and Martin Scorsese as well. 2. Bhuvan Shome (Bengali, Hindi, …

The Soccer World Goes to South Africa: Sport and the Making of Modern Africa

… and cricket matches: Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. These protests, from the late-1960s into the … costs." Economic impact analyses are often guilty of overlooking the ways in which mega-events siphon off monies in the … to "second-order" events such as the Commonwealth Games (Kingston, Jamaica, 1966; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1998), and …
Space Shuttle Columbia launching

Can We Boldly Go There Any More?

… manned space flight do not object to the goal of people working and living in space but to the great expense. They view …
Here, a bus broadcasts the anti-apartheid message to Londoners in 1989.

Inequality After Apartheid

Review of Apartheid Guns and Money: A Tale of Profit, by Hennie van Vuuren (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019)
… to disrupt any clean break with events before 1994 by asking important questions. Though van Vuuren struggles … France, the Soviet Union, the United States, and United Kingdom, and China. Written in the style of an exposé, … In these, we see both private and public citizens seeking to maintain influence with the then-ruling party. While …
The Blood of Free Men: The Liberation of Paris, 1944, by Michael Neiberg Book Cover.

How the Sun Rose Again on the City of Light

Review of The Blood of Free Men: The Liberation of Paris, 1944, by Michael Neiberg (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
… Paris' architectural treasures and the local population. An assassination attempt on Hitler by German officers combined …
Muslim depiction of Muhammad - 17th century Ottoman copy from the "Edinburgh codex".

Iraq, Too, Must Separate Church and State

… money to the love of country, Iraq will not develop a working democracy. One of the chief reasons Saddam Hussein was … was only a step away from creating the age-old triad of king, priests and nobles. Beyond the issue of religious … It takes time. Americans know that. They are continually asking themselves, “How do we make democracy work the way it …

Human Rights at a Crossroads

… groups who were minority populations in larger empires. Speaking to an international audience in Paris, he denounced … world affairs. A 1933 political cartoon showing Japan walking over the League of Nations. World War II: Evidence for … States officially joined the war, world leaders were working on an international response that would aid in both the …
King Amanullah Khan of Afghanistan.

Afghanistan, Drugs, and the Cold War (Prologued, Season 2, Episode 4)

… States, terrified American lawmakers, the latest menace seeking to snuff out America’s light. The godless Communists, … appoints this commission, which is really intent on taking a moderate, middle of the road approach to drugs. But it all gets lost in the Kennedy assassination and all the other chaos of the 1960s. Brionna …
Emancipation Memorial Statue

Emancipation by What Means?

Review of The Zealot and the Emancipator: John Brown, Abraham Lincoln, and the Struggle for American Freedom, by H.W. Brands (New York: Doubleday, 2020)
… it was common in the decades following Abraham Lincoln’s assassination to identify him as the “Great Emancipator,” … newly-freed person is shown as remaining subservient and lacking personal agency. Union generals such as Benjamin Butler … terrorism. While Brown did not achieve his goal of sparking an immediate war of emancipation, his actions polarized …
Tiger

Caged: Humans and Animals at the Zoo

… a modern zoo in the late 18th and early 19th century. Kingdoms are replaced by nation states we see private funded … panorama is to trick the viewer or the zoo goer into thinking or looking into a real environment.   Dr. Tracy McDonald   Yeah. …
Cover of Song of Wrath The Peloponnesian War Begins by J. E. Lendon.

A Time For War

Review of Song of Wrath: The Peloponnesian War Begins, by J.E. Lendon (Basic Books, New York, 2010)
… that "all time" would be inhabited by the ancient Greeks, taking for granted that his reader would always bring those … campaigns of the Peloponnesian War from 480 BC when Xerxes, King of Persia, invades Greece, through the end of the Ten … narrative into "the wider stream of ancient Greek thinking about foreign relations…lends refinement to our …
Rush hour traffic in Interstate 95 in Miami.

Finally, Too Many Cars

… auto sales over the last year was caused principally by spiking gasoline prices, tight credit and disappearing … statistics date from the early 1920s. Unlike the shrinking corporations of today, these were the boom years when … milestone in 1968. Amid the turmoil of war, riots and assassinations, few people noticed that the year ended with …
Cover of Caesar A Life in Western Culture by Maria Wyke.

A Man for All Seasons

Review of Caesar: A Life in Western Culture, by Maria Wyke (Chicago 2008)
… time as the first man at Rome, his dictatorship and assassination.   The final chapter (9) discusses reception …