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Ivan Aivazovsky, a Native of Feodosia, Crimea, is known as one of Russia's greatest painters, and one of the world's best at seascapes. The Battle of Sinop (Russian and Turkish Navies), 1853

Top Ten Origins: Stories from Crimea

… two hundred years. Crimean Tatars, a Turkic-language speaking peoples who inhabited the steppe north of the coast, … The Santa Barbara Affair Screenshot of Marcy Walker and A Martinez as Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo on Santa Barbara …

South Africa: Twenty-Five Years Since Apartheid

… President Frederick de Klerk and Nelson Mandela shaking hands at the World Economic Forum in 1992. In April … Many of the Boers rejected British rule and began “trekking” eastward, displacing native peoples and clashing with the Zulu Kingdom. They established several “Boer states,” including …
A sign from a DC Women's March that reads, "70% anti-abortion leaders are men; 100% of them will never be pregnant."

Abortion, History, and the Beginning of Life

… two millennia, discussions about abortion have involved making a distinction between fully-developed and undeveloped … rescue of a nun who had been abducted and raped by a local king. According to the legend, when Kieran discovered that …
Allen Weinstein

Will They Be the National (Secret) Archives?

… preserving government records of the past, but also for making them available to the public. This latter role is … or withholding —  the Nixon White House tapes, the Kennedy Assassination Records, and now the files of the 9-11 …
President Bill Clinton, First Lady Hillary Clinton, and Chelsea Clinton in 1993.

Why Clinton Will Survive

… Republicans, who wanted to reconstruct the South by making African Americans citizens and creating an interracial … made Johnson a potent symbol of the unrepentant South. Attacking the recalcitrant Tennessean became an effective way of … right sees Bill Clinton as a draft-dodging, pot-smoking, adulterous hypocrite, exuding false empathy, who …

Killing the Arctic

… Reef? Or the clear-cutting of Amazonia , or the shrinking of the Aral Sea? These, too, rank as tragedies of the … northern incursions into the Arctic, but killing was king. One of the earliest medieval references to Arctic … stuck in the ice of Hudson Bay in August, 1697 while making contact with the indigenous Inuit people. The influx of …
Cover of Patrick Henry: First Among Patriots by Thomas S. Kidd

Patriot or Pragmatist?

Review of Patrick Henry: First Among Patriots, by Thomas S. Kidd (New York: Basic Books, 2011)
… Court appointments, was reduced as a young man to working in a tavern. Early on he twice benefited from lucky or … Stamp Act in 1765. In a stirring speech, Henry accused the King of treason and stunned Virginia's moderate leaders, who …
Top view of person serving themself a rice dish from a table of food

Food for Thought: Diet in History

… been just so fundamental, you know, especially if you're looking in, you know, a pretty long period of time. So looking at it, you know, in the most basic level is really, … surplus of food, which means that you can have priests and kings and warriors. Domestication of animals, which is …

Viewpoint Iran: The Past and Present of the U.S.-Iran Standoff

… Obama administration conditioned any partnership on Iran taking steps to meet its “international obligations.” On the … surrender of the entire industrial resources of a Kingdom into foreign hands that has probably ever been … towards two ends: preserving his power and regime; and yanking Iran into the modern world. The shah equated …
Statue and Ukrainian Flag

The Russian Invasion of Ukraine

… of questions at registration. And we will start by working our way through those. If you're interested in asking a question now, please type it into the Q & A function … so far, communication is still open. Internet is still working. So, Ukrainians are able to communicate with each other …
Monti's parents receive his Medal of Honor from President Barack Obama during a ceremony in the White House, September 17, 2009.

Leave the Medal of Honor Alone!

… in combat. The Secretary of State for Defence in the United Kingdom has awarded only two of that nation’s highest …
The Dream of Worldwide Democratic and Social Republics – The Pact Between Nations, a print prepared by Frédéric Sorrieu, 1848.

Nationalism in Decline

… the preeminent power of the United States has ended up making clear that we now live in an era of supranationalism. … Whether subduing Iraq and Afghanistan, combating sex trafficking, restricting nuclear weaponry or establishing order in … two hundred years old. Nations rose on the footprints of kingdoms whose monarchs had suppressed local privileges. …
Attica

A History of Athens Beyond Decline

Review of Athens After Empire: A History from Alexander the Great to the Emperor Hadrian, by Ian Worthington (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)

A Century of U.S. Relations with Iraq

… occupied the position of prime minister. With American backing, the British restored the monarchy, which cooperated … of the Baghdad Pact, an anti-Soviet defense partnership linking Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Turkey, and Britain, with … to Kurdistan to escape arrest for allegedly having ordered assassinations some years before. Having endured 24 years of …
Cover of Civilizations of Ancient Iraq, by Benjamin R. Foster and Karen Polinger Foster.

Babylon Revisited

Review of Civilizations of Ancient Iraq, by Benjamin R. Foster and Karen Polinger Foster (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. pp. xii, 297)
… and culturally; he was attentive to detail, hard-working, and produced voluminous correspondence, as well as his … established by the Amorites and Hammurabi, until their kingdom collapsed during the upheavals of the twelfth … sites in Iraq were well guarded, and the penalty for trafficking illegal antiquities was harsh, often death. All of this …
Marina Silva (PSB)

10/21/2014: Top Ten Origins: Brazil's Presidential Elections

… to address the economic situation of the poor and working classes through new social welfare programs. 2. Empire, … modeled on European fascism. He courted the industrial working classes through state-controlled labor unions and … to politics as elected president in 1950 based on working-class support. His inability to manage a slowing …
In this 1805 painting, the artist imagines American planter and Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins teaching Creeks to use a plow on his Georgia plantation.

Reflecting on Justice 200 Years after the Creek Civil War

… William McIntosh, in an oil painting by Charles Bird King. Here McIntosh and Little Warrior’s paths met. National … at the March 1814 Battle of Horseshoe Bend (and making McIntosh a brigadier general). But the victorious …
Earth covered in trees and water

"Pale Blue Dot": History of Our Environment

… coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother … nation listened. And what followed, were the most groundbreaking laws ever written in the history of humankind, to … the anti-war protests of the Vietnam War. So if we're thinking about 1968, the Tet Offensive, and then the increase in …
Mushroom cloud over the Bikini Atoll

Nuclear Tensions, Nuclear Weapons, and a Long History of Nuclear War

… the United States, Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdom, the same five that have vetoes at the UN Security … lot of that comes down to different ways of just kind of looking at how the world operates, right? One view is maybe … deterrable, because Korea, or Iran, just might not be thinking in a way that we think, right. So a lot of this comes …
President Edelmiro Farrell (left) and the Vice President and Colonel Juan Perón, in April 1945.

Argentina’s Day of Loyalty and the Birth of Peronism

… were political rituals, and the annual celebration marking 17 October, the future Day of Loyalty, would be its … Perón spoke as a civilian who was deeply committed to working-class struggles for social benefits. He detailed the … of military bristled at this fact, with the former making even more strident demands. The military regime …