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Israeli soldiers stand around their tanks during the Yom Kippur War.

The Yom Kippur War and the OPEC Oil Embargo

… War erupted in the Middle East when Anwar Sadat’s Egypt and Hafez al-Assad’s Syria launched a joint attack on Israel’s southern and northern borders. As the war progressed, Arab … Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, Portugal, Rhodesia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It and
President Bush visiting American troops in Saudi Arabia on Thanksgiving Day, 1990.

Selling Iraq with the Wrong Pitch

… President Bush likes to tell his usually hand-picked audiences that Iraq will become more democratic … invoke it? Because invoking the correct comparison — with South Vietnam — would give neither his beleaguered … threat,” just as their counterparts did for two decades in South Vietnam. That was never the case after World War II.   …
Cover of War is All Hell: The Nature of Evil and the Civil War by Edward J. Blum and John Matsui.

Forces of Good and Evil

Review of War is All Hell: The Nature of Evil and the Civil War by Edward J. Blum and John Matsui (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021)
… In War Is All Hell Edward J. Blum and John H. Matsui argue that Americans living through the … of Satan’s fall was grafted onto the issues of slavery and southern secession. Preachers like G.W. Henry used … of “disunion,” influenced and directed by the devil, while African Americans likened enslavement to hell. By using this …
KKK Rally

From Dixie to the Third Reich

Review of Hitler’s American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law, by James Q. Whitman (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017)
… had been inspired in no small measure by American laws and policies. James Whitman’s Hitler’s American Model makes … and segregation regimes, especially those of the US South, as models for these infamous laws. Rather than … “One-Drop Rule” which states that if anyone had one drop of African blood in them, they were considered an …
The historic Floyd County Courthouse in Rome, Georgia.

Marcus Dixon or Strom Thurmond: Which Is the Predator?

… Marcus Dixon isn’t the only newsworthy court case to be stranded by higher-profile events. But it may be the most … with her mother stressed the financial support the South Carolina senator had “magnanimously” provided. … often — white mistresses also had sex with male slaves. Southerners generally failed to distinguish between these …
Stamp commemorating revolution in Iraq

Iraq's 1920 Revolution

… World War . The popular uprising brought together Sunnis and Shi'is , elites and commoners, city dwellers and … Iraqi history. Armed revolt broke out in the fertile plains south of Baghdad, as bands of tribespeople swept in from the … the restive agricultural districts between Baghdad and the southern port city of Basra convinced nationalists in the …

Original Origins

… Issues and Articles Volume 1, No. 1, May 1993 [ View pdf .]     A … Origins [PDF] A Gordian Knot: The Ethnic Relations of the South Slavs (revised 2023)  [PDF] Tragedy in Somalia: Clans, … After Apartheid: A unfied Democracy: The Evolution of South Africa (revised 2023) [PDF] Mexico's Black Eye: The Roots of …
Barack Obama was inaugurated at the United States Capitol on January 20, 2009.

The Strong Wind at His Back

… that nearly two-thirds of the people asked said that whites and blacks have an equal chance of getting ahead in today’s … in their younger years. During the 1950s and early 1960s African Americans lived segregated lives in the South and faced limited opportunities in the North. When …
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. exiting a plane in 1964.

King in Time; King in time

… year’s cover story recently, Dick van Dyke’s lively song and dance routine in “Mary Poppins” ran in my head. Step in … post-World War II America. It was the most significant in African Americans’ 20th-century struggle for civil rights. … Ala., it continued in brutal confrontations throughout the South, the momentous March on Washington, the tragic bombing …
Portrait of Francisco Franco in 1964 from Biblioteca Virtual de Defensa

The Death of Franco

… the Fallen. Built by the Francoist regime during the 1940s and 1950s with the forced-labor of thousands of political … Franco and other Spanish officers from the colonial Army of Africa staged a failed right-wing military coup against the … same time, three million Spaniards migrated from the rural south to the industrial north, where they broke the …
Richard and Mildred Loving in June, 1967.

At the Movies: "The Loving Cup"

… “Which Supremes?” applies Supreme Court cases to film and television representations. We could not have asked for … and people of other races. Such laws dominated the entire Southern bloc of sixteen states, from North Carolina to … Loving, a white man, and his wife, Mildred Loving, an African-American and Native American woman, reached the …

Refugees or Immigrants? The Migration Crisis in Europe in Historical Perspective

… Over the past months, politicians, journalists, and ordinary people across Europe have passionately debated … has functioned as the main route for migrants from Africa or the Middle East into Europe. This is perhaps one … A more relevant question might be: Do East-Central and Southeastern Europe need to receive more help from the rest …
The flag of the World Health Organization, founded in 1948, flies over the WHO headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.

Tuberculosis and the Optimism of Biomedicine

… the world, marshaled unprecedented resources to control and, in some cases, to eradicate infectious diseases. The … In 1953, the doctor who carried out the WHO’s first African TB survey wondered in amazement at “how much the … and wonder drugs. Tuberculosis Hospital in Seoul, South Korea, 1952.  In 1952 Selman Waksman won the Nobel …
The 1969 Harlem Cultural Festival

Black Woodstock: The 1969 Harlem Cultural Festival

… of artists appeared, representing Black sounds from  West Africa to Motown and beyond. These performances are documented in the … gospel crossover hitmakers the Edwin Hawkins Singers, South African bandleader Hugh Masekela’s urgent polyrhythms, …
Official Program: Woman Suffrage Procession, Washington DC March 3, 1913

I have many things to say (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 2)

… women deserved to be full owners of their own citizenship and have the right to exercise that citizenship at the … radical to ask for women's rights along with the rights of African American men. Sarah Paxton For today's episode, I … clear of controversial issues such as Jim Crow laws in the South. Similarly, Alice Paul suggested that the Black …
Fourth of July celebration in Philadelphia, 1819.

The United States: Democracy or Republic?

… Civics quiz: Is and was the United States a) a democracy b) a republic c) … Americas – in British North America and Spanish Mexico, and South Americans who fought independence wars against their … democratic principles of equality and citizenship for African Americans.  Many white southerners, however, opposed …
Donald Trump and Joe Biden

Election 2020: Insights from History

… Breyfogle, Associate Professor, Department of History and Director of the Goldberg Center; Susan Hartmann, … to tramp down the vote of people of color, particularly African Americans. And so some of those efforts that we saw, … targeting black elected officials down in the deep south. And so one of the consistent themes that we see …
Herd of horses on desert-steppe

A Postcard from Eastern Kazakhstan

… in Central Asia . It is located between two even larger and much more populous states: Russia to the north and China to the southeast. Once part of the Russian Empire of the tsars and … following days. Ulan’s Nissan 4-wheel-drive SUV. We headed south into dry, almost featureless steppe that resembles …
Image of Adonis on a red-figure squat lekythos.

Easter: A Season of Renewal

… of renewal, a celebration of resurrection, lies anciently and deeply embedded in the human spirit. Hunters and … a time of rejuvenated hope. The puebloans of the American Southwest marked the beginning of spring, and the other … had such appeal and staying power that it spread from southern Mexico and Central America into the southwestern …
 Reagan in 1982.

Measuring Reagan for Greatness

… be judged by history. The current proximity of his life and his presidency make an objective answer to this question … after the scandals of the Nixon administration. He unified Southerners, laborers, entrepreneurs and religious … his failure to take strong action against South African apartheid and his role in the Iran-Contra scandal …
Various sedimentary rock strata are visible in many areas of Badlands National Park.

Ten Moments of Insight in America’s National Parks

… an astonishing range of natural areas as well as historic and other cultural sites, are often touted, justifiably, as … Bunny Slippers”: Minuteman Missile National Historic Site, South Dakota Commander’s key insert to launch missile, … to the Bottom of the (Ancient) Sea: Badlands National Park, South Dakota Various sedimentary rock strata are visible in …
NCAA Basketball championship banners.

The Big Business of “Amateur” Intercollegiate Sports

… considered one “game”). The teams had 25 players a side, and to the 100-odd spectators the contest looked more like … Coliseum was built in 1923, where nearby University of South California (USC) played football.  As early as 1926 … equity. Yet for nearly a century the NCAA fought to keep African Americans and women out of intercollegiate sports.  …