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Graffiti reading "Ireland a Nation, Irish and Free"

The Provisional Irish Republican Army

… Northern Ireland were and remain legally part of the United Kingdom, separated from the Republic of Ireland in 1922 in … of whom felt a strong sense of allegiance toward the United Kingdom. Known as Unionists, they monopolized political and … the election of a seven-man Army Council—Joe Cahill, Leo Martin, Paddy Mulcahy, Sean MacStiofain, Ruari O’Bradaigh, …
William Shakespeare

The Globe Theatre: Shakespeare Lost & Found

… year lease in Bankside, the prestigious royal patronage of King James I as the company became the King’s Men, and Shakespeare’s esteemed literary reputation, … catastrophe in a letter dated two days after the fire: The King’s players had a new play, called All Is True, …
A tank destroyed during Operation Iraqi Freedom

Why We Should Leave Iraq Now

… advice. Instead, he picked the Sunni Faisal bin Hussein, king of Syria and a supporter of the British, to be Iraq’s constitutional monarch. Once in office, King Faisal denounced British domination and proclaimed … Such are the consequences of ignoring history when making present policy. We should leave, and we should leave …
Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England, by Juliet Barker Little, Brown and Company book cover.

Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England

Review of Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England, by Juliet Barker Little, Brown and Company (New York, 2006)
… During the Hundred Years War, England's King Henry V also laid claim to the crown of France, and to … the way that coronation was a "spiritual event" for the king; finally, Barker announces that the English army at … … within the chain of command that led directly to the king himself," to be of equal value with the shared hardship …
Portrait of Thomas Paine from 1793.

Common Sense: Salute Paine, Not Jefferson, on the Fourth

… who enlisted his support to test public opinion before making a definitive commitment to independence himself. Paine … symbol of the British monarchy] on the throne?” Depicting King George III as a tyrant, as a co-conspirator with … American colonists, Paine likened the monarch to a “father-king” who relished his children, the Americans, as his main …
marriage of Marguerite of Anjou and Henry VI in 1445

Power Behind the Throne: The Women of the War of the Roses

Review of Blood Sisters: The Women Behind the Wars of the Roses, by Sarah Gristwood (New York: Basic Books, 2013)
… of the HBO show Game of Thrones, based on George R. R. Martin’s series of novels by the same title, has renewed interest in the English Wars of the Roses. Martin loosely based the political tangle at the heart of … Gristwood is more ambitious than Gregory or Carter in taking on seven women rather than three as both Gregory and …

Public Debt, Private Wealth: A History of Central Banks

… Since the global financial crisis of 2008, new economic thinking on the right and on the left has, for different … no longer a pressing economic problem. Older historical thinking, however, suggests the opposite: that nation states, just like kingdoms and empires, flounder and fail when they have …

Rash Decisions: Anti-vaccination Movements in Historical Perspective

… (75%) have been reported in New York state. This is a shocking statistic in modern public health. The United States … French watercolor etching of a physician examining a milking maid’s cowpox covered hand, while a farmer (kneeling) … They often told him how they had caught “cowpox” from milking diseased cows. Jenner hypothesized that perhaps it …
A map of northern Ireland

Ending the War in Northern Ireland

… who has purest commitment to the cause, and Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness on the IRA side and Gusty Spence and Billy … were soon displaced by hardline activists: Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness. When the Protestant paramilitary … willing to compromise failed to prevent peace from breaking out. In 1922, rather than let hardliners sabotage the …
A Biafran child suffering the effects of starvation due to the federal blockade during the Nigerian Civil War

“No Victor and No Vanquished” - Fifty Years after the Biafran War

… Region, Sir Ahmad Bello and their wives. The highest-ranking northern military officers were also eliminated, along … also Igbo. The dominance of Igbo officers in the coup, the assassination of the top northern politicians and the … and this time, Igbos were the victims. Many high-ranking Igbo officers, including the General Ironsi, were …
Indian bicycle troops are pictured at the Somme in 1916

The Amritsar Massacre

… could take credit for bringing democracy to India while cracking down on political dissent. Indian troops played many … square (at most only four people can walk abreast). Forsaking the car, Dyer’s men entered the square and assembled … was not alone. While the Hunter Commission and the United Kingdom’s House of Commons recommended his immediate …

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Ghosts of Ned Ludd

… for Amazing Things ,” for example, promises “adaptive networking, edge cloud, connected security, and collaboration,” … Ludd. You might remember him as the legendary machine-breaking saboteur who was once the scourge of industrial … technological change (to the point that techno-skeptics jokingly adopt the term “Luddite” to describe themselves). To …
“The great financier, or British economy for the years 1763, 1764, 1765.” This British cartoon depicts the American colonies as a Native American woman, as juxtaposed to British officials and Britannia (far right), demonstrating the disconnect between the colonies and the metropole even though the colonists thought of themselves as full British subjects.

The Old Informing the New

Review of Rethinking America: From Empire to Republic, by John M. Murrin (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018)
… 1973 and 2007. While the collection is retrospective, Remaking America is an incredibly useful resource for … to escape England’s political and religious crises, the kingdom’s stabilization in the 18th century attracted … consider fragments as a whole. This can only be done by making connections between various historiographical …
Magna Carta document and British Flag

The Legacy of the Magna Carta

June 15, 1215, witnessed the signing of the landmark Magna Carta, the medieval English historic legal document that is seen as the origin of many modern-day legal rights and constitutional principles.
… was in civil war as disaffected barons took up arms against King John, who reigned 1199-1216. Written by Rebecca … United Kingdom …
anti-communists and nationalists place a Hungarian national flag atop a demolished statue of Josef Stalin

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution

The date, October 23, 1956, marked the beginning of the ill-fated revolution that ended with the re-imposition of Communist rule and the flight of some 200,000 Hungarians to Western Europe and the United States.
Under Attlee's direction, the Labour Party's position on foreign affairs in the 1930s was somewhat inconsistent. A believer in the "collective security" represented by the League of Nations, Attlee opposed rearmament even as he pushed for firmer measures against Nazi aggression.

A Sheep in Sheep’s Clothing

Review of Clement Attlee: The Man Who Made Modern Britain, by John Bew (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017).
… had done before. For the first time in history, the United Kingdom would be led by a majority government dedicated to … he embraced socialism only in his late twenties. Embarking on a career in social work in the slums of East London, … splendor. Attlee came to see socialism as a means of making Britain live up to the very best of its ideals. Though …
portion of a movie poster for the movie Mary Queen of Scots, directed by Josie Rourke

At the Movies: Mary Queen of Scots

… French husband, Francis II. Mary lands on the shores of her kingdom amid a brutal struggle for religion. Just two years … piece by using colorblind casting, LGBTQ storylines, and evoking the feeling of the time rather than copying it. French … United Kingdom …
The Beatles, upon their arrival at Kennedy International Airport in New York City on February 7,1964.

“I Want to Hold Your Hand”

… followed.  “Beatlemania” was already underway in the United Kingdom. Across the Atlantic, however, the Beatles had yet … custom for socially respectable men in the English-speaking world. The group made its presence known nearly … United Kingdom …
Cover of The British Way of War by Andrew Lambert

Redefining Strategy in 20th Century Britain

Review of The British Way of War: Julian Corbett and the Battle for a National Strategy by Andrew Lambert (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2021)
… Strategy, Andrew Lambert, Professor of Naval History at King’s College, London, examines the debates surrounding the … strategic uncertainty by elucidating a British way of making war from a vigorous study of past conflicts. He argued the British way of making war consisted of employing the army and navy in …
Portrait of Neville Chamberlain, who was the Prime Minister of United Kingdom during the early months of World War II.

Lessons of Munich

… in September 1938, of which Munich was the third, he wrote King George VI candidly that he sought a broad “Anglo-German … but would also attempt to restrain its allies from taking action against Germany. Hitler then assured Chamberlain … United Kingdom …
Sir Winston Churchill in 1945.

Churchill on Iraq: “Living on an Ungrateful Volcano”

… it finally granted that nation its independence. In making his case to Prime Minister David Lloyd George, … declared the Arab officials of Iraq’s British-backed King Feisal “incompetent.” He noted the gross … of his character — so much so that I keep a stern-looking bust of Sir Winston in the Oval Office.” If the …