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Emergency servicemen and volunteers remove rubble and demine territory after Russian shelling, Kyiv, Oblast, 2022.

Ukrainian Architecture at War

… Russian invasion , Ukrainian President Zelensky recorded one of his daily video addresses in front of the House with … Derzhprom building on Kharkiv’s Freedom Square is the most complete example of constructivist architecture in the world … a speedy two and a half years, 5,000 workers labored on the site working in three shifts using simple hand tools, …
Map of the Electoral College for the 2024 United States presidential election.

Arguing the Electoral College: Con

… Because of its indeterminacy?  No. Its singular distinction comes from the fact that never before have both the popular … of either the nation's informal popularity contest or its official Electoral College count. This disturbing outcome … the same as 75 percent can thwart the popular will when one candidate garners the requisite number of electoral …
Protester opposing gay marriage in Boston, 2007. The sign compares gay rights in the U.S. to Nazi, Germany.

Gays, Nazis, and the GOP

… which reasonable people can and do disagree. But the second one is a flat-out lie, which makes reasoned dialogue and … "in a gay bar in Munich."   The truth is precisely the opposite, as historians such as Geoffrey Giles and William … The following year, they established a "Central Office for Combating Abortion and Homosexuality."   Like the …
Billboard of Nursultan Nazarbayev in Kazakhstan, 2015.

Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and the Democratization Shell Game

… both countries appear to break from the autocratic past and complicate our understanding of their political future. In … and instead embraced nationalism as their guiding principle–one that envisioned the fate of the nation as dependent on … . With a stated turnout of 99.3%, the measure passed with, officially, 99.6% of voters in favor. Karimov’s first term …
The flag of the United Nations

America’s Intervention Predicament

… campaign has begun to sharpen debate about at least one critical issue of American foreign policy: whether the … The United Nations is at the center of the problem. One of that organization’s principal roles is peacemaking. … through the veto or some other device, such a force could become the rogue force the U.N. founders feared. But our …
Image reading "there is no news tonight"

“No News Day” at the BBC

… the cable news networks waited to report the outcome … and waited and waited and waited. Much to the … is just what the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) did one evening ninety years ago this month. The BBC published … if it had wanted to, as the insurgents had cut the telephone and telegraph lines. Broadcasting House, London, the …
Philippoteaux - Lamartine in front of the Town Hall of Paris rejects the red flag.

The Challenges of 1848 Reprised in the Middle East Today

… Some pundits have compared the recent uprisings in the Middle East to the … 2011 and 1848 are many. The sclerotic monarchies and one-party "republics" of the modern Middle East had … the Atlantic at the United States, an isolated country but one that presented a powerful image of government by the …
Vegetables from ecological farming.

Bringing Democrats and Republicans Together over Food

… gift. Before scrapping that wish as hopeless, consider one area where the two sides do have a history of working … support and sent much-needed food and supplies to Europe.  One report called the food "ammunition for peace."   If the … enemies of peace."   Democrats and Republicans could surely come together to realize that children overseas dying or …
A Sherman tank enters Fort Santiago

The Battle for Manila

… history of a city that has long sat at the crossroads of competing powers, and it still looms large in the … the Spaniards continually improved upon their stone fortifications. The enclosed area, aptly named … reduce American casualties. As stated in the  U.S. Army’s official history , the destruction was regrettable, but …
The National Crest of Transnistria.

Transnistria: The History Behind the Russian-backed Region

… The Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic (PMR)—to use the official name—is internationally recognized as a part of … buildings to more sophisticated attacks by grenade-armed drones. The most destructive bombing occurred near the village … five to ten individuals planted 12 anti-tank mines at a telecommunications complex, destroying two large radio antennas. …
Queen Elizabeth I in Parliament

The Pandora’s Box of Religious Pluralism in the English Reformation

Review of Heretics and Believers: A Short History of the English Reformation, by Peter Marshall New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2017
… and religious images get out of hand: ‘he must be for all companies, and all men’s money.’” To the lay and scholastics alike, the first thoughts … work in the year 1590, Marshall argues that as no one ever officially stated when The Reformation ended, but that many …
The Battle of Culloden by David Morier

Top Ten Origins: Scotland and the United Kingdom

… it remains a part of the United Kingdom or separates to become an independent state.  As the prospect of an … monarchy.       3. The Union of the Crowns: Two Crowns, One Head     In 1603, Elizabeth I of England and Ireland … George I of the Hanoverian dynasty succeeded to the throne in 1714.   4. The Darien Scheme: A Colonial Disaster     …

A Sea of Troubles: The Philippines and Pacific Geopolitics

… While not explicitly backing Manila, Obama stressed his commitment to preserving stability in  the South China Sea . … the famous terraces of northern Luzon, and positioned themselves as a dominant merchant class. By the late … Organization (SEATO), the Pacific analog to NATO. While official relations were thus strong between the two allies, …
An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery, Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, March 1, 1780. Pennsylvania State Archives.

The Forgotten First Step Toward Freedom

… Although few know it, the anniversary of one of the world great human rights milestones occurs today. On March 1, 1780, the government of … until seven years later, are usually credited with this accomplishment, having banished slavery in their remaining …
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at a press conference in Holland in 1964.

Asking Martin Luther King…

… on the lecture circuit talking about Martin Luther King, one of the questions most commonly asked is: “What would Dr. King say about…?” The … on it and its possible answers. “Jesus drove a Honda,” one pundit assured us, “‘For I did not speak of my own …
Soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad

Stalingrad at 75, the Turning Point of World War II in Europe

… of the Second World War began. More than four million combatants fought in the gargantuan struggle at Stalingrad … been underestimated by us…. At the start of the war we reckoned with about 200 enemy divisions. Now we have already … Stalingrad Flour Mill: the mill, near the waterfront, was one of the few buildings to remain relatively intact …

Learning to Love the Nuclear Pariah: From China to North Korea

… An estimate compiled by the nation’s intelligence services reaches the … America’s position in the Asia-Pacific. National security officials weigh their options: to pass resolutions in the … leader Kim Jong-un with their hairstyles reversed ( left ). One of the many Tweets from Trump in which he refers to Kim …
Sputnik

Soviets Launch Sputnik, 1957

… of a satellite” to the world. Pravda put a distinctively communist spin on the news, arguing that “artificial … humanity’s most daring dreams into a reality.” American officials – who surely numbered among the unnamed … sought to downplay the news, laconically describing it as “one small ball in the air.” A presidential aide, Sherman …
The Postcolonial State in Africa: Fifty Years of Independence, 1960-2010, by Crawford Young Book Cover.

Fifty Years and Counting

Review of The Postcolonial State in Africa: Fifty Years of Independence, 1960-2010, by Crawford Young (Chicago: University of Wisconsin Press, 2012)
… squashed by the ascension of dictators and the onset of one-party rule and political repression. Dreams of wealth … State , the preceding volume to this work, Young adopts a comparative approach. As he outlines in his introduction, a … in many corners of the continent, leaving room only for one-party and/or military-backed regimes. Further, as he …
Photo of the World Trade Towers after the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001.

The End of a “Safe America”

… during the Cold War. But those things never happened, and one can reasonably doubt that they ever would have. But the … buildings and a section of the Pentagon, on Sept. 11. Commentators have noted that the terrorists picked their … a repetition impossible and unthinkable. But when that is done, the people who influence and shape U.S. policy should …
The Sofia Monument to the Soviet Army painted in the colors of the Ukrainian flag din support of the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution.

World War II in Eastern Europe: Many Lands, Many Memories

… the countries formerly designated as the “ East European communist bloc ” displayed a remarkable solidarity in support of Ukraine. Officials from Estonia echoed those from Romania, Slovakia … lost territories and population, rendering them proponents of revisiting the postwar treaties. There was little …