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Mosaics from the apse in the Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna. Justinian is the figure in the center. The mosaics were completed in 547 CE.

The Justinianic Plague

… The “Justinianic Plague” is the popular name for a pandemic of bubonic plague in the Late Roman or Byzantine … originated. Our literary sources place its origins in Africa, but other evidence suggests that it likely came from … BCE). We know that the plague first hit cities in the southeastern Mediterranean, and moved swiftly through the …
John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams: An Example for Our Times

… History can be instructive and often inspiring. Take, for example, the case of the … outrage over slavery and his related conviction that the South’s “peculiar institution” threatened national progress, … indignation against slavery and the political power of southern slaveholders. Adams persisted bravely in the face …
King Amanullah Khan of Afghanistan.

Afghanistan, Drugs, and the Cold War (Prologued, Season 2, Episode 4)

… Opium has played a significant role in its history and, as we discuss, shaped how Afghan policymakers have … the world from Europe to East Asia and into Central and South America. Even as they're saying, we don't really like … on the Afghan drug trade and U.S. foreign policy in South Asia. I have a sort of keen interest in the global …
Cover of Rivers and the Power of Ancient Rome by Brian Campbell

Rome's Wondrous Rivers

Review of Rivers and the Power of Ancient Rome, by Brian Campbell (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2012)
… at the very core of Roman life: their religious worldviews and understandings of divinity, economic practices, legal … most remarkable rivers in the European, Middle Eastern, and African worlds: from the Nile , Tigris, and Euphrates, to … the Pont du Gard aqueduct crosses the Gardon River in Southern France. Who, Roman jurists and surveyors asked …
An engraving of Earl Cornwallis's surrender to George Washington during the American Revolution.

Hollywood’s American Revolution

… regulars being routed by American Continental soldiers and a band of South Carolina militiamen led by Gibson’s fictional … professional British soldiers in and around the swamps of South Carolina where the film is set. We see as well the …
Image of a junior high school classroom from Harris & Ewing Photographs.

An Historic Opportunity in Education

… the Title I program will have to test their students and show the federal government that they are improving. If … to education. In the 1870s and 1880s, Democrats, especially Southerners, fought proposals that would have given federal … the next 60 years they and their conservative allies in the South vigorously fought nearly every effort to expand
illustration of woman getting cow pox variolation

Top Ten Origins: Vaccination

… more than 22,000 cases of measles have appeared in Europe and the World Health Organization recently called for … parts of the world from the early modern period: China, Africa, the Near East and South Asia. It was introduced into Europe by Lady Montagu, …
Marshall "Major" Taylor was a professional African American cyclist

(Bicycle) Wheels of Change

Review of The Cycling City: Bicycles and Urban America in the 1890s, by Evan Friss (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015)
… falling off my bicycle when I was trying to do tricks and breaking my hand. But our experiences are far from those … Marshall "Major" Taylor was a professional African American cyclist near the end of the "cycling city." … white, young men. There were other cyclists too, such as African Americans, Chinese, Polish, elite classes, and
Jackie Robinson

Living Up to Jackie Robinson

… of Fame, naming the "Rookie of the Year" award after him, and retiring his uniform, No. 42. Now it can do more to … their boorish behavior. On April 15, 1947, the 28-year-old African-American rookie scored the winning run as he helped … the game. Their racism was reinforced by the many white southerners who played in the majors. Robinson understood …
A woman voting in the early 20th century.

Could We Postpone the Election — Even If We Wanted To?

… the Election Assistance Commission, the Justice Department and the Department of Homeland Security have considered … will be difficult to end. In the late 19th century, Southern states blocked federal efforts to prevent them from … measures such as the poll tax or literacy tests to deny African-Americans the right to vote. Similarly, in the early …
The supreme court of Massachusetts sits at the John Adams Courthouse in Boston.

Gay-Marriage Decision: Just the Beginning of the Debate

… It therefore paved the way for legal recognition of gay and lesbian marriages there. The decision has already … had committed at least to eventual emancipation, slavery’s Southern supporters clung tenaciously to their “peculiar … forced many states to eliminate laws that essentially made African Americans second-class citizens. While the debate …
American soldier conducting patrol with an Iraqi soldier.

What the Vietnam War Tells Us About Iraq

… Memories of the Vietnam War of the 1960s and 1970s hover over our occupation of Iraq like sullen … administration statements, shows no signs of abating. As in Southeast Asia decades ago, the casualty lists lengthen, and … as liberators and reformers any more than they were in Southeast Asia all those years ago. Instead, they have …
Zbigniew Brzezinski at Camp David in 1978.

Meddlers Hamstring Iraq Policy

… experts from past administrations, Republicans and Democrats alike, who think they deserve deference. … to inform the naive, idealistic newcomers from the South about national interests and international relations. … civil and political rights in countries such as Indonesia, South Korea and Turkey. As a result, Carter lost his …
World War II poster of American, British, Chinese, and Russian soldiers shaking hands.

Patrick Buchanan’s Forebears

… “A Republic, Not an Empire,” Buchanan suggests that Britain and France should not have declared war against Germany in … “Western interests.” Support of the apartheid regime in South Africa was justified in terms of Cold War logic: the …
Djiboutian workers fill bags with wheat destined for Ethiopia, provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), at the Port of Djibouti, Africa, Jan. 7, 2013.

The Birth and Death of USAID

… Agency for International Development (USAID) to 15 people and move it fully under the control of the State … the hemisphere and to advance relations with  Central and South American countries .  But why stop there?  When … the new nations struggling for freedom across  Asia  and  Africa . They all wanted development, and Moscow promised …

Trade Wars: The Collapse of America's Free Trade Consensus

… Donald Trump held up Carrier, an air conditioning and heating company, as a symbol of the plight of American … to prevent having a failed, and thus unstable, state on its southern border. (Indeed, the Clinton Administration … the staunchest opponents of free trade, while most Latinos, African Americans, women, and younger people were the most …
Pieter Bruegel the Elder's 1562 painting "The Triumph of Death" depicts the turmoil Europe experienced as a result of the plague.

The Black Death and its Aftermath

… The Black Death was the second pandemic of bubonic plague and the most devastating pandemic … along trade routes throughout Eurasia and into sub-Saharan Africa. At the time, people thought that the plague came … a search for new ways to the East, making their way south along the African coast, launching an economic …
Reagan in 1982.

Exit Gen. Grant – Enter St. Ronald?

… Saving the Union by defeating the Confederate army and being elected twice to the presidency is no longer good … represents a symbolic piece of the Republican Party’s “southern strategy,” using race as a wedge issue to attract … Nixon was the first Republican to capitalize on the southern strategy, but not the last. Reagan sneered at the …

Madame President: A History of the Women Who Ran before Hillary

… national convention. Five were nominated as third-party candidates, and two were eventually chosen as major-party … ratified 14 th and 15 th Amendments, which enfranchised African American men but not women (of any race or … of child care centers. In 1968, Chisholm became the first African American woman elected to Congress (and she hired an …
A "bucket brigade" works to clear rubble and debris on September 14, 2001.

United We Stand? The Unequal Costs of Mobilization

… nationally celebrated as heroes to listen to his authority and go home, the message is clear. Those with power will … those at home who had been barred from steady employment. African Americans, other racial minorities, and women … States became increasingly involved in an undeclared war in Southeast Asia, escalating military spending undermined …
Lady Liberty, wearing a cape labeled "Votes for Women," stands astride the states (colored white) that had adopted suffrage. A poem by Alice Duer Miller is printed beneath.

Smile, You’re a Liberal After All!

… elections has been that conservatives are angry, motivated and poised for a major electoral triumph. Fuming, they … to vote. See how that one goes over!   Fifty years ago African Americans were routinely denied the right to vote … and were refused service in hotels and restaurants) by Southern states ruled by conservatives. That changed only …
American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century, by Kevin Phillips book cover.

American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century

Review of American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century, by Kevin Phillips New York: Viking, 2006
… in the wake of several social upheavals – both at home and abroad – President Nixon reflected to a group of … encouraging. The author argues, in short, that the American South has successfully repositioned itself at the cultural … in the wake of the 1960s. Drawing its strength from Southern Baptist preachers like Billy Graham, this emotional …