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Detail from the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol.

Common Good and Common Evil in American Religion

Review of America’s Religious Wars: The Embattled Heart of Our Public Life, by Kathleen M. Sands (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019)
… you do not discuss religion, sex, or politics in polite company. Sex to one side, in America’s Religious Wars, Kathleen M. Sands … or through its opposite, secularism. Conflict between these one-or-the-other conceptions is woven into the nation’s … Common Good and Common Evil in American Religion …
Chartwell, the country estate of Winston Churchill

By Invitation Only

Review of The Long Weekend: Life in the English Country House, 1918-1939, by Adrian Tinniswood New York: Basic Books, 2016
… profits, such estates became a luxury, desired by everyone, but only achieved by those with money. This world was not a place of practicality, but one of … instance, crossed the Atlantic and settled in England, becoming members of the English aristocracy and elite British …
"The Magnet Citizenship" March 1917 cartoon by Henry Mayer - Moving Picture Weekly (1915-1920)

U.S. Citizenship Is Based on Principles, Not Heritage

… was founded on loyalty to the state as determined by one's birthplace (jus soli), and descent (jus sanguinis). … encourage immigration.  Citizenship would be determined by one's freely chosen support for republican principles.  The … would contribute to the "wealth and strength of the community."    Similarly, John Laurance of New York declared …
A 1963 photo of the Church of Nativity in Bethlehem.

In Bethlehem, Persisting Hope

… will have changed dramatically from where they were just one year ago. Last Christmas, following an accord negotiated … by U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Israel completed its withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, which abuts … eluded Bethlehem and environs for much of this past year, one should bear in mind the broader contours of events in …
President George W. Bush sitting at his desk in 2001.

Social Security: False Crisis, Destructive Solutions

… the amount of the worker’s contributions. Thus, the higher one’s earnings, the higher one’s pension. Amendments enacted between 1939 and 1972 … Association of Realtors, the largest political action committee, as measured by direct contributions to federal …
College Green, Ohio University, 1973.

Our Gilded Bronze Age of Higher Education

… universities to yield an annual, independent source of income. Endowment size has served as a proxy for academic … become steeply stratified over the past century. Merely one-fifth of the some 3,300 colleges and universities today … and then president of the General Education Board. One might expect that Harvard had the largest endowment …
Michelle Obama speaks at the 2008 Democratic National Convention

Superdelegates: An Obstacle on the Road to Democratic Elections

… popular support, but in close contests like the current one, superdelegates can be the deciding factor. Each … power that has no place in a democratic system that boasts “one person, one vote.” Superdelegates swim against the tide … and make their own choices free from the influence of the common people. Instead, nearly all states allowed the …
Billboard of Nursultan Nazarbayev in Kazakhstan, 2015.

Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and the Democratization Shell Game

… both countries appear to break from the autocratic past and complicate our understanding of their political future. In … and instead embraced nationalism as their guiding principle–one that envisioned the fate of the nation as dependent on their tenure in …
The logo of Solidarność painted on an overturned Soviet era T-55 in Prague in 1990

Poland Takes Charge of Its Own Revolution

Review of Empowering Revolution: America, Poland, and the End of the Cold War, by Gregory F. Domber (The University of North Carolina Press, 2014)
… of protest happened halfway around the world in Poland, one that would have been unthinkable merely a few years … in the Sejm (Parliament) and the newly-formed Senate to non-Communist candidates. The Polish elections laid the … Sometimes these networks were more efficacious than sanctioned ones. For example, when the deal between Solidarność …

Dispatches from the Armenian Revolution

… nation of Armenia experienced a revolution. On August 17, one hundred days after the upheaval’s end, thousands of … role in the mobilization of the population. Indeed,  some commentators noted  that it had more in common with … include Christian Georgia and Shia Muslim Azerbaijan. Stone carvings of the Armenian alphabet in front of a statue …
Portrait of Jimmy Carter from 1979.

The Nobel Committee Speaks to America

… Carter. By giving him this honor at this time, the Nobel Committee seized the opportunity to express its concern over … undisputed courage in promoting peace and human rights. A one-term president who was defeated by Ronald Reagan in … emergence of the United States as a world-class power. The one restored peace to the Far East in the first decade of …
John Quincy Adams.

WikiLeaks Reveals a Professionalism of Recent Vintage in the History of American Diplomacy

… president to change this system into the more professional one we have today.   In the early United States, even the … he spent the majority of his time working as a de facto commercial agent for the wealthy New England merchant … the Baltic. In 1809 Adams arrived in St. Petersburg aboard one of William Gray's trading ships, with Gray's son in tow. …
Lindh photographed after being transported to Camp Rhino.

Walker’s Misguided — But No Traitor

… as taking up arms against the government or giving aid and comfort to its enemies. The offense is extremely serious and … to study Arabic. He moved to Afghanistan when it was just one of many countries the United States regarded as … and grief, but they violate no law. Words make no one a traitor. Acts do. Walker has committed no treasonous …
2013 St. Patrick's Day parade in Wappingers Falls, New York.

The Wearing of the Rainbow

… pluralist implications of the St. Patrick's Day parade, one has only to look at the event calendars in cities and … Day, indicates a fragmentation of American society. Yet one only need look at the catastrophic results of ethnic, … this ideal, but it's important to recognize how far we've come. It's in this sense that the St. Patrick's Day parade …
Isaac W. Williams (front) in a file photo from the 1960s.

Still Fighting the Civil War in South Carolina

… "has nothing to do with slavery."  He proposes that it is a commemoration of South Carolinians who "stood up for their … waltzes get headlines, but Monday night will be just one more showdown in another civil war, one that has raged in Charleston since 1865.   When the city …

Tradition vs Charisma: The Sunni-Shi'i Divide in the Muslim World

… The degeneration of the Iraq conflict into a low level but nonetheless murderous civil war between Sunnis and Shi'is has … in the Islamic world and the reasons why they have become so explosive in Iraq, it is hardly surprising that … differences, have Sunnis and Shi'is been murdering one another in Iraq because of disputes over how many angels …
A view of New York City behind Secretary Gale Norton in a lower Manhattan office space in 2006.

Downsizing Becomes Normal

… Corporate downsizing has proved one aspect of American life apparently unchanged by El Nino … months since, AT&T, Chase Manhattan, Raytheon and Boeing alone announced cuts totaling more than 30,000 people. The … his father, also an Edison employee, counseled him that the company would provide a secure life. Myers’ forced …
UNR postcard (ca. 1918), Ukrainians face invading Russia. Caption: “Our enemies die like the dew in the sun and we brothers will rule in our turn.” From the author’s collection.

Ukrainian Independence: From Versailles 1 to Versailles 2

… State with himself as Hetman. Skoropadsky abdicated one month after Germany’s surrender in November 1918.  His opponents proclaimed a re-established UNR in January 1919 that … were war-weary, and saw no Entente troops or aid forthcoming.  Ukraine’s signing the Treaty was something the …

A New World Order? Africa and China

… emergence with a mixture of excitement and anxiety. On one hand, huge new markets have opened to American companies; on the other, Chinese producers have created … 2000, China’s economic ties with Africa have increased exponentially. As of May 2012, China is Africa's largest …
President Gerald Ford in 1975.

The Forgotten Virtues of Gerald Ford

… plus their rough treatment of the media and political opponents, angered many Americans and gouged deep national … Nixon’s supporters and detractors snarled with contempt at one another during the Watergate investigations that finally … he appeared before a joint session of Congress and pledged “communication, conciliation, compromise, and cooperation” …
An unidentified U.S. Marine Corps corporal fires his weapon at a wounded, unarmed Iraqi lying on the floor of a gutted mosque in Fallujah, Nov. 13, 2004. by Kevin Sites found on NPR.org

Shooting the Wounded: What Are the Rules Now?

… this time of a young Marine shooting a wounded Iraqi prisoner in Fallujah. The soldier in question has been removed … we tried German and Japanese officers for mistreating prisoners of war and civilians. We were one of the first nations … the last decades of the 20th century. Tales of Americans committing atrocities in Korea have persisted for decades. …
The almshouse at Woburn, Bedfordshire, England

Top Ten Origins: Housing the Poor

… in Silicon Valley (where even people with six-figure incomes may qualify for housing subsidies) have attracted … Why have they adopted certain solutions, and then abandoned them almost immediately? And what has happened when the … their midst by giving alms, usually in the form of food or money. But Christian charity could not keep up with the …