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Sacking of Rome.

Bush’s Road Leads Back to Rome’s Empire

… the Romans had paved for their own armies to travel. If war comes, Iraq will be using the computers and cell phones and radar it got from the United … itself against attack from the United States. If the worst comes, it may also use the chemical and biological weapons …
Albert Hofmann

Albert Hofmann Discovers LSD

… disease was ergotism: poisoning produced by exposure to the compounds found in a fungus that grows on wheat. In the … ergot, finding that it contained valuable medicinal compounds such as ergotamine, used to treat migraines. A … Laboratories, Albert Hofmann’s employer. Immersed in the complex process of synthesizing the drug, Hofmann …

Energy Policy and the Long Transition in America

… You can't read the newspapers or surf the web without coming face to face with the pivotal human problem of energy … as firms dedicated to "energy conservation"—"green" companies whose management strategies rest on the … interest groups are taking on "green" personas on their web sites. For the foreseeable future, however, the economics of …
Port of Buenos Aires

Cholera and Argentina: Insights for COVID-19

… began in 1817 and continue to this day, cholera ravaged communities and strained political and economic orders … interventions. However, the response of most states was a combination of both methods. They tended to be pluralistic, … centralized state and those opposed to it. The La Porteña locomotive made its inaugural trip on August 29, 1857 from Del …
President James A. Garfield

The Assassination of President Garfield

… As the president made his way to the train, chatting companionably with Secretary of State James G. Blaine, a man … ballot, Congressman and Senator-Elect Garfield emerged as a compromise candidate, ultimately winning the nomination on … removed from office. He also came to believe that God had commanded him to kill the president. Guiteau bought an …
Advertisement for DDT featured in Time Magazine, June 30, 1947. This image illustrates the rosy reputation that pesticides enjoyed before the publication of Silent Spring.

A World Drenched with Pesticides: Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring

… on chemical over-use. While the public, USDA, chemical companies , and farmers embraced pesticides with a fervor one historian has compared to a love story, a growing number of scientific … personal attacks by the powerful chemical industry are credited with inspiring a surge of American environmental …
Poster that says, "Resist," at a Yale University anti-draft rally in 1968.

The Political Costs of Filling the Ranks

… a result, thousands of men openly defied draft laws and welcomed prosecution. And tens of thousands evaded the draft by … in Iraq — sometimes notifying them days before they are to come home that they’ll have to stay another three or six … presidential candidates. All over the Internet — at the web sites for Bring Them Home Now, Military Families Speak Out, …
LA 92, directed by Dan Lindsay, T.J. Martin

At the Movies: LA 92: The Right to be Angry

… distraught business owners next to coverage of families and communities reeling from extrajudicial violence runs … owners who watched their life’s work burn, it simply cannot compare with grief felt for a slain teenager. Viewers react … to the perspective of Asian, especially Korean and Chinese, communities, as well as Latino Angelenos effectively pushes …
The 1999 impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton, Chief Justice William Rehnquist presiding

How Presidential Power Became Untouchable

… or the Republican who aspires to succeed him. If so, the outcome will reinforce conclusions previously drawn from the … the conduct of national security policy. That legacy deeply compromises our constitutional system. Lessons drawn from … last year the senator claimed that if he became the next commander in chief, he would consider himself required to …
Mexican flag in a square

Una Postal de la Ciudad de México

… ubicada en las afueras de la Ciudad de México, prosperó como una ciudad hace casi dos mil años. El ascenso y la … Ellos fundaron la ciudad que hoy en día se conoce como la Ciudad de México. Se cree que la civilización Azteca … sobre un nopal. La leyenda dice que recibieron esa señal, y como resultado, los Aztecas decidieron de llamar a su nuevo …
Kagan, Obama, and Roberts before her investiture ceremony, October 1, 2010.

How Empathy Makes Superior Judges – and Justice

… to the Supreme Court.   T.R. recognized that those who become judges invariably have had close association with … T.R. and Obama understood that empathy is often a prerequisite for impartiality.   Justice Holmes’s great colleague, … that is really designed to help achieve it.   To their credit, Theodore Roosevelt and Obama recognized that a judge …
The federal government commissioned a series of public murals from the artists it employed: William Gropper's Construction of a Dam (1939) is characteristic of much of the art of the 1930s, with workers seen in heroic poses, laboring in unison to complete a great public project.

Guess What? The New Deal Worked!

… Since the economic crisis we’re now in is being compared to the Great Depression, the solutions being … top 10 percent, the middle class has survived largely on credit cards and home equity loans. Now millions have no way … have us be afraid of a new New Deal. But based on the track record of the original, a new New Deal is just what we need. …
Cygnet, Ohio, in Wood County was a booming oil town with 13 saloons and many workers when this photo was taken in 1885.

An Energy Plan for You!

… Dwight D. Eisenhower and Republican legislators took unbecomingly large financial contributions from the appreciative … seen whether George W. will allow his administration to be completely captured by his fossil fuel buddies. Eisenhower, … the environmental movement proved to be a formidable competitor for legislators’ attention into the early 1990s. …
First Cabinet of President Barack Obama in the White House East Room.

The Distant Horizon of a President

… cautious, thoughtful Obama was just plain weak, or worse: incompetent. Well, health care legislation has passed, the … and permanent. Everyone’s attention span is short. But the complex job of the president adheres to a different time … are now of Polk and Wilson. These presidents had in common the setting of a few clear goals and great …
A foreclosure sign in front of a home

Avoiding Market Meltdowns

… reacted by pulling their money from banks and trust companies. The stock market lost nearly half its value. J.P. … His New Deal organized the Securities and Exchange Commission to monitor the stock market. New legislation … Market analysts fear that the mortgage crisis will create a credit squeeze, undermine business and reduce employment. …
Title page of the first edition of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, 1818.

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

… nineteen, published the gothic novel Frankenstein. It has become a classic of English literature. Title page of the … shortly after being born and her half-sister Fanny Godwin committed suicide, a couple of months later Percy’s wife committed suicide, and just before the publication of the …

Learning to Love the Nuclear Pariah: From China to North Korea

… An estimate compiled by the nation’s intelligence services reaches the … foreshadowing how the United States and the international community has treated those in pursuit of the ultimate … Republic of China in 1949 ( left ). President Nixon visited China in 1972, but the U.S. did not formally recognize …

The Ethiopian Civil War in Tigray

… peace. At his inaugural ceremony in 2018, he counseled a complete break with the past forms of governance that were … and invited banned opposition groups to return. The Nobel committee was most impressed that he made peace with … government of Tigray region, their questionable track-record during their 30 years in power are never mentioned.” …
Vice President Walter Mondale speaking with President Jimmy Carter.

Why the Vice-Presidential Nominees Will Be Presidential

… and the technology of the information age meant that comments made anywhere are now instantly transmitted … obtained new resources that have allowed them to become significant ongoing participants in the White House. … a heartbeat from the Oval Office simply because he or she comes from a large, competitive state. This year’s …
Downstream view of Marco Polo Bridge by Thomas Child, 1877. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident (1937)

… post-1868 empire, including Korea and Taiwan . The Chinese Communist Party would be reborn and re-legitimized through … year, the ROC capital of Nanjing fell in what one military commentator called “the worst holocaust of brutality since … As time passed, Japan’s broad goals of establishing an anti-Communist East Asian order, a reorganized Chinese economy, …
soldiers at the battle of Lincoln

King Stephen and The Anarchy: A Reign Reconsidered

… figure in Anglo-Norman society, admired by both nobles and commoners for his wealth, charm, and decisiveness.  Stephen … retake London, and regain church and noble allegiance. Her commander turned the tide at the Rout of Winchester, …
Photograph of Augusto César Sandino, taken between 1927 and 1934

The Sandino Manifesto and the Birth of the Nicaraguan Revolution

… U.S.-based corporations, most infamously the United Fruit Company, used bribery and other methods to gain the support … economic interests, their shores and harbors would be visited by U.S. warships carrying legions of hated Marines who … Nicaragua Canal and all the revenue and investment such a commercial hub would have generated. Then, in 1909, …
An orientalist nineteenth century Russian view of Samarkand in the time of Timur.

A Castilian in Samarkand, 1404

… noted that work on the largest mosque in the city had been completed just before his arrival, but Timur ordered its … to Hajji Muhammad al-Qazi, a Chagatai courtier who had visited the court of Castile in Toledo several years earlier. … ways they were pre-modern: like Genghis Khan, Timur and his commanders relied upon the mobility of massed mounted …