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Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature, by Kathleen Drowne Book Cover

Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature

Review of Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature, by Kathleen Drowne (Columbus: Ohio State University, 2005)
… to loosen his creativity and imagination. As we have come to know Fitzgerald the person, the chances are good … one may inquire as to whether the issue was as politically compelling as Drowne contends, or whether those people who … with the prohibition era and its literature. To her credit, I find myself compelled to read many of the books …
An art exhibition, probably in Moscow in 1964. Taken by Thomas T. Hammond during his travels in the Soviet Union.

When the Soviets Domesticated the West

Review of To See Paris and Die: The Soviet Lives of Western Culture, by Eleonory Gilburd (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018)
… from viewers and readers and more than 6,000 entries in comment books from exhibitions—Gilburd gives voice to Soviet … during the Thaw, noting that one of the most important outcomes of the new policy of cultural exchange was “a constant … was first envisioned on paper and was later welcomed by Soviet citizens who enthusiastically participated …
The detonation of the Castle Bravo thermonuclear bomb

Top Ten Origins: Civil Defense, Nuclear War, and Duct Tape

… administration and the North Korean regime and an errant incoming missile alert in Hawaii have focused America’s … fallout shelter signs and the wail of emergency sirens more commonly used for tornadoes than incoming nuclear attack. 1. … Now anyone on earth, even thousands of miles from the site of a blast, could be killed or injured by nuclear …

Cops and Robbers? The Roots of Anti-Doping Policies in Olympic Sport

… Agency (WADA) Dick Pound presented “The Independent Commission Report #1” to the press corps. The 323-page … country’s anti-doping establishment. WADA’s “Independent Commission Report #1” team (Richard Pound, Richard McLaren, … athletes dope to enhance their performance. Among the 42 recommendations specific to Russian sport and anti-doping, the …
President Reagan in February 1985.

Will the GOP Find a New Reagan?

… They have shown no inclination toward the kind of compromise that characterized President Reagan on issues … gubernatorial campaign Ronald Reagan declared his 11th Commandment, “Thou shalt not speak ill of any fellow … his party in order to rebuild it; that change had to come from within. The result was the Age of Reagan.   The …
Statue of Peter the Great in Moscow

The Past and Future of Russian-American Relations

… one. We should not panic if Russia, in the short-term, becomes more antagonistic toward Western values and interests. … more important, the current round of reforms is part of a complex and ongoing process of assimilation and rejection of … to the West for the technologies and ideologies needed to compete in European international politics. In the usual …
Two Nord Stream pipes are welded together on the Castoro Sei pipelaying vessel in preparation for laying them beneath the Baltic Sea, 2011.

The Environmental Threat of Russia’s Nord Stream 2 Pipeline

… superpower status. Its narrowing, unstable economy has become dependent on the export of a single commodity: energy. Energy production in Russia, in addition … is reported to have drifted around 12 km from the accident site. In this animation, diesel oil is visible in the …
Attica

A History of Athens Beyond Decline

Review of Athens After Empire: A History from Alexander the Great to the Emperor Hadrian, by Ian Worthington (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… who cling to it, but it does not faithfully convey the record of history. Among other things, in casting Athens as … story, the myth relegates that city’s more interesting, complicated history to the margins. Ian Worthington’s latest … between Athens and Rome poignantly illustrate Athens’ complicated relationship with the rest of the Mediterranean …

The Ukrainian Crisis: In Russia's Long Shadow

… of Ukraine: Russia cannot be an empire without Ukraine and coming to terms with Ukraine’s separate nationhood is a … nations. With Ukrainian independence, Russia lost many sites enshrined in its historical memory, including the … Russia and the Soviet past, however, worked in the opposite way in the Donbas, Ukraine’s depressed industrial …
American soldier conducting patrol with an Iraqi soldier.

What the Vietnam War Tells Us About Iraq

… attempted the same kind of program in Vietnam. It failed completely. The second measure calls for an Iraqi government … would inherit the postwar mess while the United States took credit for toppling Hussein. Invading Iraq was a dangerous … Today, most Americans would be glad just to have our troops come home. The trick is to get them out without seriously …
Russian chemist and educator Dmitrii Mendeleev

Mendeleev's Periodic Table

… chemists had worked to find an organizing principle that encompassed all of the known elements and that could be … characteristics—they were largely inert and resistant to combining with other substances—but the entire set fit … in 1952. A 1923 Deming Periodic Table ; chemists frequently credit Horace Deming, a professor at the University of …
In order, India’s Indira Gandhi, Pakistan’s Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and Bangladesh’s Mujibur Rahman

After Midnight

Review of Midnight’s Descendants: A History of South Asia Since Partition, by John Keay (New York: Basic Books, 2014)
… of waterways serves as a metaphor for the subcontinent’s complicated post-colonial coming of age. Favoring academic history over Rushdie’s … migration of between ten and twenty million people, accompanied by a quick descent into chaos, violence, and at …
Sergeant First Class Major Cleveland points out North Korean position to his machine gun crew, 1950.

Executive Order 9981 and the Integration of the American Military

… and lesser men. While African American soldiers and communities protested these conditions, the small size of … patriotism, however, did not discourage their desire to combat racism and fascism at home. Black activists were able … an imperfect reflection of American society and viewed as a site of inclusion and opportunity for Black people and other …
French soldiers overrun Chinese troops during the 1860 campaign in the Second Opium War.

The Second Opium War

… of Qing laws prohibiting the drug. After one Chinese trade commissioner captured and publicly destroyed British opium … ship seized by China on suspicion of piracy—reducing its complex causes to only its precipitating event. … events entirely. In the 1950s, for example, observers of communist China described Chairman Mao Zedong ’s campaign to …
John Filo's iconic photograph of Mary Ann Vecchio kneeling over the body of Jeffrey Miller

Kent State after Fifty Years

… antiwar movement, Black Power, and the generation gap had come even to Ohio. As the iconoclastic journalist I.F. Stone … Guard moved on campus and pushed students from the central Commons back toward the dorms. Having done so, the Guard’s commanders, Generals Sylvester Del Corso and Robert …
Flag of the People's Republic of China

With Enemies Like These…

… as they have from the furor last summer triggered by comments about Beijing’s human rights record made by Bob Costas during his coverage of the … for the company’s image and Beijing deserves much of the credit for this. You just can’t buy p.r. any better than …

Colombia: Al Borde de la Paz con las FARC?

… Moon, el presidente de Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos, y el comandante supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de … ahora estarían listos para formalmente firmar el acuerdo completo el 26 de septiembre de 2016 en Cartagena que seria … durante su existencia, pero ninguno ha llegado tan lejos como el proceso actual. A pesar de que haya obstáculos …
Thomas Sankara

Politics, Cinema, and Liberation in Burkina Faso

… Sankara led a coalition of radical military officers, communist activists, labor leaders, and militant students to … Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle   Hello, and Welcome to Politics, Cinema, and Liberation in Burkina Faso, … a vehicle for raising people's consciousness, inspiring the records of social transformation and creating a new self …
Cover of the Measure of Earth The Enlightenment Expedition That Reshaped Our World by Larrie D. Ferreiro

Figuring Out the Shape of the World

Review of Measure of the Earth: The Enlightenment Expedition That Reshaped Our World, by Larrie D. Ferreiro (New York: Basic Books, 2011)
… one requiring an almost obsessive attention to detail, a commitment to exacting measurements, and above all a patient … to measure accurately a degree of latitude at the equator. Comparing it with another measurement of latitude made in … of adventurers, officers, and scientists were assembled to complete a task intended to take only three years. Instead, …
Cover of Philanthropy in America: A History by Olivier Zunz.

The Gifts That Keep On Giving

Review of Philanthropy in America: A History, by Olivier Zunz (Princeton University Press, 2012)
… to start with: What do Americans fund every year at levels comparable to annual budget of the Pentagon? Answer: the … to be an enormous enterprise; and second, we don't have a comprehensive sense of its history. Until now. Philanthropy … that grew into the University of Pennsylvania, the Library Company and the American Philosophical Society, all of which …
Haze obscuring image of rooftops in China

The Greening of China?

… great paradox. With its fast-growing economy, China has become the leading producer of CO2 (though not on a per-capita basis). Simultaneously, it has become the world's leading producer of green and renewable … environment, and what global role China might play in the coming years in confronting climate change. ( Image Source ) …

Humans Have Always Lived in a World of Many Worlds

… by universal laws of science and nature. But the historical record suggests otherwise. If we “decolonize” modern … and the future. Different Truths to Live By Every human community tells its own stories about the ultimate order of … Together, such stories end up producing something like a common-sense knowledge of the foundations of reality, a …
Ruins of Chorrillos after the battle of January 13, 1881. Photograph by Eugene Courret. Glass Plate. National Library of Peru Collection.

The War of the Pacific and the Fate of South America

… Bolivian Atacama region, mainly led by Chilean and British companies. The mineral was used both as a fertilizer and in … and subjecting them to discrimination for decades to come. Though usually overlooked in claims of Hispanization, Indigenous communities were also robust, adding Cunza, Aymara, and …