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Frenemies: Iran and America since 1900

… relations between the United States and Iran have been complicated and edgy as long as anyone can remember. … it from the increased revenue generated by skyrocketing oil prices following the October 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the … with local police outside the White House during the Shah's visit to Washington in late October, Carter took his guest …
Detail of an 8th-century silk painting depicting Wu Zeitan.

Wu Zetian: The Only Woman Emperor in Chinese History

… Her official given name was Zhao, a character she created for herself, meaning “the sun, moon, and the sky.” Her … the Sui and established the Tang dynasty. He rose to become Minister of Works, giving Wu Zetian an early taste of … on both. She orchestrated their removal and imprisonment, ultimately having them mutilated and left to die in vats of …

Hong Kong in Protest

… returned home but evaded murder charges because he committed the crime outside of Hong Kong’s jurisdiction. He … agreement throughout the first round of protests but ultimately suspended the bill on June 15. Her move placed … blockaded the mouth of the Pearl River while others steamed up the Chinese coast to harass Beijing. As the fleet …
A Sherman tank enters Fort Santiago

The Battle for Manila

… Seventy years later, public memory of the battle for Manila includes a mixture of gratitude toward the … history of a city that has long sat at the crossroads of competing powers, and it still looms large in the … colonized the site. Menaced by pirates and European competitors, the Spaniards continually improved upon their …
Cover of The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York’s Destruction by Max Page.

The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York's Destruction

Review of The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York's Destruction, by Max Page (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008)
… in this appealing book. Page explains he conceived the idea for this project in the days and weeks immediately following … of the text.  In examining roughly two hundred years of comic, filmic, propagandic, and literary portrayals of the … Watch A.I. And what of otherworldly creatures- would they ultimately try to take down Gotham?  Yes! See Ghostbusters …
Ellis Island, New York City.

Hiding Behind Reform

… a group calling itself ProjectUSA has caused a stir in California, Minnesota, North Carolina and South Carolina by … between present-day immigration and the flood of newcomers who came in the past. ProjectUSA’s website is … billboard campaign sponsored by ProjectUSA is simply the latest version of this tradition. Their billboards bear …
Children at Play: An American History, by Howard Chudacoff Book Cover

Children at Play: An American History

Review of Children at Play: An American History, by Howard Chudacoff (New York: New York University Press, 2007)
… has stolen space used traditionally by children for unstructured, unsupervised play, adults' efforts to provide protective spaces indoor (community centers, YMCA) and outdoor (playgrounds, sports … book searches for change in how children have played, but ultimately concludes that children possess an innate …
Zbigniew Brzezinski at Camp David in 1978.

Meddlers Hamstring Iraq Policy

… a coherent policy. These days, such conflicts take familiar form: While Defense argues that war is necessary, State … as the voice of prudence, the realpolitik strategic thinker compelled to inform the naive, idealistic newcomers from the … or a reason to suspect that President Bush and his current team are not competent to make crucial decisions on a clear …
U.S. Department of Homeland Security seal.

Sharing the Burdens of War

… bill offers nearly $100 billion in tax breaks and rebates for a handful of wealthy corporations and individuals. … draft exemption for college students. At the time, family income was the largest single determinant of who attended … for the nation’s post offices and airports will come ultimately from the taxpayers. But broad support for wars …
An engraving of Earl Cornwallis's surrender to George Washington during the American Revolution.

Hollywood’s American Revolution

… starring Mel Gibson which opened in theaters just in time for the July Fourth holiday. Cornwallis (played by Tom … fire until ranks are broken and desperate hand-to-hand combat ensues. These scenes, realistic and at times surreal, … British power exercised by Parliament and, the Patriots ultimately concluded, the King himself. The colonists, this …
'What Hath God Wrought?': The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, by Daniel Walker Howe Book Cover.

Mr. Bush Meet Mr. Jackson

Review of 'What Hath God Wrought?': The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, by Daniel Walker Howe (Oxford University Press, 2007)
… at Daniel Walker Howe's "What Hath God Wrought?": The Transformation of America, 1815-1848 and announced dismissively … Daniel Walker Howe wrought? The answer is a sweeping and commanding synthesis of the political and economic history … nation's hero to Jackson's rogue – principled, smart, and ultimately on the right side of history, especially about …
Upon the Altar of the Nation: A Moral History of the Civil War, by Harry S. Stout Book cover.

Upon the Altar of the Nation: A Moral History of the Civil War

Review of Upon the Altar of the Nation: A Moral History of the Civil War, by Harry S. Stout (New York: Viking, 2006)
… the bloodiest day in American history, rewriting "the rules for acceptable losses in war" with its 24,000 casualties, yet religious leaders only became more committed to their crusades and more strident in their … that would arise out of the shared blood sacrifice of war. Ultimately, Stout endorses this vision despite his …
Photo of Tiananmen Square from 2007.

Bombings, Blood Debts, and Mutual Suspicion

… China and the United States, with perilous implications for the twenty-first century. “A blood debt must be repaid … a lengthy analysis in July 1989 explaining how the “anti-communist forces” of the capitalist world, led by the U.S. … claiming its mantle through hunger strikes, petitions, and ultimately martyrdom. By contrast, the logic of the new …
The laser system of a CD-ROM drive.

From Manuscript to CD-ROM: A Longer Journey Than We Think?

… claim being made lately about the ever-advancing Computer Age. After all, cyber-data is easier to store, … possible. In 1814, The Times of London started using a steam-powered press; 33 years later, the high-speed rotary … Computers are expensive, and some CD-ROMs are too pricey for anyone but universities and public libraries. …
March on Washington

The Unfinished Struggle: Civil Rights and the March on Washington

… On August 28th, America will commemorate the anniversary of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The march was one of the largest … that goal. “Strict scrutiny imposes on the university the ultimate burden of demonstrating, before turning to racial …

Policing the Police: A Civil Rights Story

… hallways. Teachers gave lessons to help young students comprehend an American past with racial segregation, and how … movement is ending police brutality and use of deadly force. The desire to be free from disproportionate police … the rest of civil rights history, this story is not one of ultimate victory but of ongoing struggle. The Police Power …
President Obama and McChrystal in the Oval Office in May 2009.

The Presidents and the McGenerals

… The furor over comments made by Gen. Stanley McChrystal and his aides to a writer for Rolling Stone brings to mind earlier, infamous clashes … the stakes were different for each one, each paid a high price for egotism.   History has not looked kindly upon the …
President Carter shakes hands with General Torrijos of Panama after signing the Panama Canal Treaty

The Missing "Third" of the Third World

Review of Latin America and the Global Cold War, by Thomas C. Field, Jr., Stella Krepp, and Vanni Pettinà (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2020)
… War (2020). The “fruit of a multinational, multilingual effort by fifteen scholars,” this collection of essays … and development. Latin America is a vast region comprising 33 individual countries in the southern half of … of its attention to the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). Ultimately, although Brazilian political elites gestured …
Photo of Ernest Hemingway smiling.

The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles

Review of The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles, by Stephen Koch (New York: Counterpoint, 2005)
… Jose Robles, a Stalinist and Spanish military officer of formidable rank, was arrested and executed by his own red … spread to the Spanish conflict. Robles went to his death a committed Stalinist, but to shroud the reality of the … creative salvation through women. When these relationships ultimately fail him, he becomes the insufferable boar that …

Private Matter or Public Crisis? Defining and Responding to Domestic Violence

… program, which is rarely used in domestic assault cases, for first-time offenders that would clear him of all charges … the elevator. (Photo Credit, AP)  In late July 2014, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell also handed Rice a two game … with the later Victorian belief that the home was the ultimate pillar upholding personal privacy in the 1800s, …

Populism and Anti-Americanism in Modern Latin America

… Brazil and Chile, are not populists. Consequently, the most common definition of populism in political science today … many Latin American economies, but it came with a price: mounting debt caused by high borrowing. By the 1980s, … that the U.S. feels it can work with. The most important visit by President Bush was to Brazil. Brazilian President …
Karzai with former US President George W. Bush and wife Laura Bush at Camp David in 2007.

Keep Karzai in the Loop

… secret, backdoor negotiations with the Taliban be useful for the United States?   The experience of an earlier war may shed light on this question. Forty years ago the United States was trying to end the long … shown the agreement, he felt presented with a fait accompli and refused to consent.   Believing that he had been …
Atomic bomb damage on Hiroshima gas building.

Time to Confront the Ethics of Hiroshima

… following: On August 8, 1945, two days after the bombing, former Republican President Herbert Hoover wrote to a friend … David Lawrence, the conservative owner and editor of U.S. News (now U.S. News & World Report), argued that Japan's … indefensibility of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima is becoming a part of the national conservative creed." But times …