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Ellis Island, New York City.

Hiding Behind Reform

… a group calling itself ProjectUSA has caused a stir in California, Minnesota, North Carolina and South Carolina by … That’s hardly a new idea. What’s important is the skillful way it has presented this message as reformist rather than … between present-day immigration and the flood of newcomers who came in the past. ProjectUSA’s website is …
wind turbines

Energy Policy: How is the “Long Transition” from Fossil Fuels Doing?

… since the 1970s, shaping the long transition in new ways.”  Windpower, like the windfarm above, has the … over the last four years.  The reasons for that are many, complex, and subject to change in the near and far future.  … keep prices up.  About 80 percent of the Saudi national budget is paid for with oil receipts, and as the largest …
Cover of Trotsky A Biography by Robert Service.

Trotsky: A Biography

Review of Trotsky: A Biography, by Robert Service (Cambridge, MA, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009)
… humane. Robert Service, professor of Russian History at Oxford University, counters such speculative thinking with his new biography on Trotsky. Coming after his previous biographies on Lenin and Stalin, … to Siberia. In 1902, after reading Iskra , the Marxist newspaper edited by Lenin and Georgi Plekhanov (1857-1918), …
Protesters against the an anti-gay marriage amendment on the 2012 election ballot.

The Gay-Marriage Amendment: A Danger to the Constitution

… adage, “Be careful what you wish for, because you may get it.” A gay marriage amendment, if adopted, could produce … and the Reconstruction amendments of the 1860s evolved in ways that their drafters could scarcely have imagined. So … that a wide range of matters from health care to hospital visitation rights to joint filing of income taxes ought to …

The Other Half of the African Sky: Women’s Struggles in Zimbabwe

… blocks to the Mhlahlandlela Government Complex in Bulawayo. As in their other public demonstrations, the crowd was … colonial legislators, who in turn made women the target of several of their policies. Throughout the country, … The Political Ends of Human Rights Awards WOZA's second visit to Washington in November 2009 was more than just …
San Francisco frae the Marin Heidlands, with the Gowden Gate Brig in the foregroond.

The Real West Is an Urban West

… knows how to hunt wolves. She can skin a moose. She lives way up there on America’s last frontier. So, we might think, … Christine Gregoire from the busy urban corridor along Puget Sound. And then there’s Arizona Governor Janet … sprawling suburbs on the Colorado plains, and multi-ethnic communities in Los Angeles, perhaps ending up with a latte …
This painting by Jean-Baptiste de Saive (1562) portrays the environment of the kitchen as a place of making. As Wall argues, the kitchen was one of the main spaces for women to create and experiment.

Kitchen Wisdom

Review of Recipes for Thought: Knowledge and Taste in the Early Modern English Kitchen, by Wendy Wall (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016).
Demonstrators protest the judicial proceedings against suspected White Power activists following the Greensboro massacre of 1979.

"Lone Wolves" No More

Review of Bring the War Home: The White Power Movement and Paramilitary America, by Kathleen Belew (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018)

Erdoğan’s Presidential Dreams, Turkey’s Constitutional Politics

… Erdoğan has entered a new phase, and the same could be true for the “New Turkey” he has proclaimed. After 11 years as … of the Turkish Republic since its founding in 1923: the uncompromising secularism of the first Turkish president, … the conservative journalists of  Zaman —Turkey’s leading newspaper, owned by Fethullah Gülen—have become quite …

Madame President: A History of the Women Who Ran before Hillary

… 2016, Hillary Rodham Clinton secured enough delegates to become the Democratic nominee for president of the United … cartoon depicting Woodhull in 1872 with caption reading “Get thee Behind Me, (Mrs.) Satan!” ( right ). Woodhull was … to serve on noncombat international missions. Known for always wearing a red rose on her lapel, Smith became famous …
Protestors against the U.S. Trump administration voice their commitment to the world's dispossessed.

The Politics of Refugee Aid in America’s “Short Century”

Review of Benevolent Empire: U.S. Power, Humanitarianism, and the World's Dispossessed , by Stephen R. Porter Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017.
… use of private agencies mobilized civilian resources in new way that allowed tens of thousands of impoverished Jews to … circumstances, wishing to return home. Eleanor Roosevelt visits Hungarian Freedom Fighters in Salzburg, Austria, … tenuous, and Porter notes that the 1.6 billion dollar budget in 2015 for federal refugee programs amounts to only one …
 Pinterest Hien Luong Bridge - Ben Hai River, Quang Tri, Vietnam

Vietnam Revisited: Forty Years after the Paris Peace Accord

… The bombs were not just intended to destroy military targets, which include military sites or the manufacturing, … learned that a group of American activists, all of whom had visited North or South Viet Nam during the war, were … of Cu Chi. This was an extensive network of underground pathways that the NLF dug to hide and conduct war. Some of the …
Muslim depiction of Muhammad - 17th century Ottoman copy from the "Edinburgh codex".

Iraq, Too, Must Separate Church and State

… In 1831, when Gustave de Beaumont and I left France to visit the United States to examine first hand this … that the marriage of Church and State was only a step away from creating the age-old triad of king, priests and … the hell most of you found intolerable. So, People of Iraq, get on with it. Robert Widen is an instructor in American …
Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Restoring Russian Support for the War on Terror

… and Moscow are increasingly frayed, and Russia has become a determined foe of the American Middle East agenda. … Regaining Russian support will require Washington to find a way of making its agenda in the Middle East profitable for … protect Russia’s economic interests in the Middle East, and get Russia back behind the war on terror. Jeffrey Mankoff is …
President Woodrow Wilson with his wife, Edith, in June 1920.

Making it into the White House

Review of Fit for the Presidency? Winners, Losers, What-Ifs, and Also-Rans, by Seymour Morris Jr. (Lincoln: Potomac Books, 2017)
… of the presidency itself has changed, making his comparisons something of an apples and oranges exercise.  … historians would scoff at that. President Ford’s failure to get “re-elected” in 1976, in turn, supposedly constituted … Morris claims – evidence? – that RFK was insincere when he “visited burned-out ghettoes to ensure that he would get 90 …
Portrait photograph of woman, boy and two dogs, ca. 1890s.

How Dogs Became Our Faithful Family Companions

… activities ranging from taking neighborhood strolls to visiting pet stores. Their owner is responsible for meeting … degradation resulting from burdensome work, unhealthy lifeways, and urban anonymity.  Taking stock of this mechanical … united entire families. They brought adults and children together through rearing, exercising, and playtime. In turn, …
Copy of an 1890 lithograph depicting the Battle of New Orleans during the Revolutionary War.

A New Resource in the War Against Terrorism?

… resources of U.S. intelligence agencies, Congress should revisit the power granted to it by Article I, Section 8, of … holding a variety of assets — real estate, weapons, communications equipment and large amounts of cash and … suffered at the hands of enemies. It evolved into in a way for private consortiums to make naval war legally upon …
Antichristus, a woodcut by Lucas Cranach the Elder: the pope depicted as the Antichrist, using his temporal power to grant authority to a generously contributing ruler.

The Bible as a Political Tool

… The 5,280-pound monument of the Ten Commandments installed by the Alabama Supreme Court Chief … place of religion in American public life will not go away. Unless an un-breachable wall between religion and … religious country with a long tradition of using the Bible for non-religious, particularly political, ends. Indeed, …