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Photo of Eugene V. Debs from 1900.

Let’s Hear It for the Losers!

… presidential losers of the American past. Yes, the time has come for all true lovers of trivia to stand up and be … If Clay felt betrayed, he would have a great deal of company as a perennial also-ran. Other men ran for the … Foster who ran three times for the Workers' Party and the Communist Party?  Or how about that three-time candidate of …
Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on Florence Owens Thompson, age 32, a mother of seven children, in Nipomo, California, March 1936.

Another Great Depression?

… Here's why.   The Great Depression was the result of the combination of the 1929 financial crisis and serious … It was pumped up by over-lending by banks and financial companies and over-borrowing by Wall Street. Rising interest … its borrowing power. The bulk of the U.S. economy's income went to the to top 1 percent of the nation's families, …
Thomas Jefferson, founder of the University of Virginia, enslaved more than 600 people in his lifetime.

Ivy and Slavery

… it difficult to break free from the constraints of their communities, for many churches, political parties and laws … And it educated others to follow in those steps. It should come as no surprise that its students accepted slavery. … are free from moral guilt. Maybe we can learn from Yale’s complicity in slavery.  Perhaps we can remember Emerson’s …
The culminating moment of Alice, when the pretense of power is exposed and collapses. Carroll was very concerned throughout his life with giving a wide audience of people, not just his Christ Church students, the tools of logical thinking so that they would not be the victims of demagogues and ideologies.

Everyone’s Inner Child Turns 150 Years Old

… our own purposes as well. Zombie Alice at 2014 New York ComicCon. Cosplaying is one way people have taken ownership … what the painful and even fatal consequences were of disobedience. Carroll, however, was on the side of the child, an … was very concerned throughout his life with giving a wide audience of people, not just his Christ Church students, the …
Ration distribution point.

The Other War in Pakistan

… and preposition food for this emergency, all the while combating the Nazi war machine. None of the allies’ heroics … ahead.   Today, the United States and the international community share the responsibility to feed displaced …   The U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, Antonio Guterres, says a tragedy is unfolding. He called for other …

Populism and Anti-Americanism in Modern Latin America

… Brazil and Chile, are not populists. Consequently, the most common definition of populism in political science today … (most likely killed by the military that dropped their bodies in the shark infested ocean). Furthermore, declassified … issues (most importantly free trade and agriculture subsidies), the two nations have found issues to cooperate on …
2nd Battalion, 7th Marines packing up gear to withdraw from Al-Taqaddum Air Base, 24 March 2020.

Vietnam and Iraq: The Benefits of Getting Out

… Vietnam analogy is not so much the difficulty of drawing comparisons between two different situations. The problem is … By the early 1970s, American involvement in Vietnam had become a strategic disaster. The war was sucking U.S. economic … of the war, many U.S. allies in Europe and elsewhere had become concerned that a country willing to spend 20 years and …
President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967.

How to Intervene and Get Out

… the Dominican capital, to stop what it believed was a communist insurgency there. The action was heavily … spot and focused all its might there. It then set up checkpoints and searched houses one by one. Weeks after the … for the aftermath than many said were needed. U.S. soldiers soon spread themselves too thin. It took them more …
Alert soldiers on the Brandenburg Gate, during the Spartacist Uprising

Victorious Weimar: Reframing the German Revolution

Review of November 1918: The German Revolution, by Robert Gerwarth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… the debate over what historians have called the failed, incomplete, and even the forgotten revolution has been revived … political system in which all power was in the hands of soldiers’ and workers’ councils.” Ebert emerged as Chancellor, … Uprising in January 1919, riots produced some of the bloodiest and most somber days of the German Revolution. They …
This photo shows Humanitarian Daily Rations (HDR), which was transported from bases in the U.S. and air dropped to regions of Afghanistan where the displaced people are at risk of starvation.

Democracy’s Vital Ingredient — Food

… wise to heed Marshall's warning and rally the international community to increase food aid to the Afghan government. … appeal has not been fully answered by the international community. Another tragedy is unfolding in the isolated … has to occur before the annual massive snowfalls, when it becomes extremely difficult, if not impossible, to reach these …
The Sofia Monument to the Soviet Army painted in the colors of the Ukrainian flag din support of the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution.

World War II in Eastern Europe: Many Lands, Many Memories

… the countries formerly designated as the “ East European communist bloc ” displayed a remarkable solidarity in … defending their country, even when that meant killing soldiers and civilians beyond the boundaries of one’s own … of sexual violence during the war remains woefully understudied and under-represented in the memory of World War II.  …

The Ukrainian Crisis: In Russia's Long Shadow

… of Ukraine: Russia cannot be an empire without Ukraine and coming to terms with Ukraine’s separate nationhood is a … Both Russians and Ukrainians look back to the mighty medieval empire of Kyivan Rus′, which accepted Christianity in … the first Orthodox monastery and graves of legendary medieval knights. For Russians after 1991, this foundational …
Chinese manufactured goods, like this jar from the Ming dynasty, were highly desired trade items.

Borne by the Waves: The Ocean’s Role in Global Trade

Review of The Boundless Sea: A Human History of the Oceans, by David Abulafia (Oxford University Press, 2019)
… are addressed, this work is not focused on ecological communities or human impact on marine habitats . Rather, … remaining two examine the interconnections among these bodies of water after 1492. This organization keeps the book’s … a crucial role throughout this book. For instance, the medieval kingdom of Sri Vijaya in Sumatra thrived because its …
John Filo's iconic photograph of Mary Ann Vecchio kneeling over the body of Jeffrey Miller

Kent State after Fifty Years

… antiwar movement, Black Power, and the generation gap had come even to Ohio. As the iconoclastic journalist I.F. Stone … Guard moved on campus and pushed students from the central Commons back toward the dorms. Having done so, the Guard’s … back at the Guard. Some chucked rocks; others jeered the soldiers. Many students described the atmosphere as almost …
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum with a sign announcing the 70th anniversary ceremony.

A Postcard from Hiroshima

… of the bombing and was able to witness how the Japanese commemorate these tragic events. Hiroshima Peace Memorial … so severely that they had little skin left on their bodies. Several cried out for water, though when she fetched one man a cup of water, he died soon after drinking it. With buildings destroyed and …
Portrait of Thomas Paine from 1793.

Common Sense: Salute Paine, Not Jefferson, on the Fourth

… Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence will, once again, command center stage. It will be quoted and read in its … who might be persuaded to aid the American cause. Paine’s audience was less refined. They were the common people who … and a testament to the will of the common people — an audience to which Jefferson, for all his brilliance as a …
Book Cover of For Peace and Money French and British Finance in the Service of Tsars and Commissars By: Jennifer Siegel

12/15/2014: Hot off the Presses: Peace, Money, and Tsars

… French and British Finance in the Service of Tsars and Commissars New book from Ohio State historian Jennifer … railroads, and the development of the military-industrial complex, Russia's ministers of finance, municipal leaders, … of World War I." [Book description from the publisher's website ] …

The Amazon Rainforest under Threat

… became the top trending hashtag on Twitter after the combination of smoke from Amazon forest fires, a weather … tribes had been destroyed, and the number of Nambikwara, studied by French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, had been … government recruited and relocated 55,000 “rubber soldiers” who also received payment from the U.S. government to …
Woodrow Wilson in 1911.

The Peril of Absolute Power

… for a reformation of the world order in his famous Fourteen Points address. Not only did he urge a world governed by … of “a general association of nations,” what would become the League of Nations, to adjudicate international … Cold War — but only recently have we abandoned a broader commitment to a world governed by law instead of force. …
Courtesans such as Lilly Langtry (in this 1885 photograph) are claimed to have started utilizing underwear as tool of seduction.

Where’s that Sexy History Under There?

Review of Exposed: A History of Lingerie, by Colleen Hill (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Yale University Press, 2014)
… - mostly through means of fashion photography and short accompanying descriptions - Hill attempts to describe lingerie … that also tap into the larger meaning of how women’s bodies are perceived in general society. The story of lingerie … the author made room for this in her own analysis. This ladies underwear advertisement from 1913 highlights a fairly …
Sir Winston Churchill in 1945.

Churchill on Iraq: “Living on an Ungrateful Volcano”

… the Arab officials of Iraq’s British-backed King Feisal “incompetent.” He noted the gross over-expenditure of monies in … American troops from that nation now. Shannon Monaghan studies history at Yale University and writes for the History …
Engraving of René Descartes.

A Triumph for Religion as Well as Science

… and natural theology was a debate within the scientific community of the day. Within the modern scientific community, there is no debate; biologists disagree on the … that evolution cannot explain, scientists will not become modern-day natural theologians in droves. Instead, …
Soviet and US Flags

Cultural Diplomacy and the Global Cold War

… Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle   Hello, and welcome to Cultural Diplomacy and the Global Cold War, brought … end quote. Yet each side also had to consider their audiences, which allowed for flexibility with the ideological … in 1981, 1,300 years since the establishment of the medieval Bulgarian state in 681. And the occasion of this …
June 4th, 2014, at Hong Kong’s Victoria Park (Photo by the author)

Remembering Tiananmen: The View from Hong Kong

… In between memory and forgetting, there is commemoration . On June 4, 1989 a protest in Beijing’s … But even those who survived would remember that they studied to “save the nation” ( jiuguo ). The students of 1989 … To this day the judgment of the Party stands: PLA soldiers were martyred suppressing “counterrevolutionary …