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… religious freedom made him “throw up” would rank as one of the most unsettling remarks of the 2012 campaign. Contrary … foundations of our country.   In September 1960, when some Protestants suggested that Kennedy’s Catholicism …   Less than three weeks later, Kennedy argued that America was founded on two interdependent propositions: “a strong …

… of power for 13 years, 7 months, and 21 days, Nawaz Sharif was reelected prime minister of Pakistan on June 5, 2013. … for Pakistan’s future and marked several firsts. It was the first time in Pakistan’s turbulent political history … while others advocated a separate sovereign state. When it came time for independence, the British, Muslim …

… American society mobilized for a sense of common purpose in the past? And why have we seemed to lose that sense of … struggle against the crumbling Spanish empire. There was ferocious resistance to what became the Spanish-American … in the war. Roosevelt could coin a phrase, as he did when he called on the nation to be the “ arsenal of …

… remain dismissive of Middle Eastern culture, in which the powerful and ancient code of honor determines behavior … the enmity of our opponents throughout the Arab world. Yet Washington policy-makers seem oblivious to Arab motivations … to loosen all the loops and rings.” Honor was avenged when thousands of irate Muslims protested when a helicopter …

… African-Americans until only recently. His plan to win them back: Trot out some speakers of color, bandy about the … power in the South and ushered in legalized segregation. When Bush touts his party's history, he does not seem to know that Republican advocacy of black equality was already waning by the early 20th century. Not even on …

… In 2015, the Business Round Table, a lobbying organization promoting … Industrial Revolution in the 18 th and 19 th centuries was supported by rivers, roads, canals, the postal system, … States by county ( right ). What is clear, though, is that when the government invests in infrastructure, there are …

… In 1918, Grenadian-born Oliver Michael Francis was a medical student at McGill University . Biographical profiles in Old McGill , the university’s yearbook, included country of origin, date … to write about those who perished in the 1918 pandemic when the living—then and now—actively deny their existence? …

… In the wake of the recent election fiasco in Florida, many … bothers people in more populous states now, just as it did when the Electoral College was created in 1787. Wouldn’t it be more democratic, they …

… Inflation has long been the great scourge of Argentina and its people. From 1944 to … -7 percent in February 1954 Officially, the inflation rate was recorded at 14.80 percent in July of 2015 (according to … of “cooking the books” and reported that “since 2007, when Guillermo Moreno, the secretary of internal trade, was …

… In the face of disasters we have come to expect that our … of Roman Emperor Tiberius. None of these responses are new. When we reflect on the history of government response to … burden.” The real model for government response, however, was the emperor Nero. It always surprises people to hear …

… Perhaps the most moving and iconic moment in American military … this victory to complete destruction of Confederate forces was perhaps equally significant. On July 1, 1863, advanced … as were some of Meade’s own cross-party subordinates. When one officer gave Meade a back-slapping roar of approval …

… Whenever a president begins a second term, changes among his … might also inspire comparisons to Abraham Lincoln. By the beginning of Lincoln’s second term in 1865, all but two … The only other original cabinet member still there in 1865, was Navy Secretary Gideon Welles, who had been a Connecticut …

… of humanitarian corridors that Russian troops wasted no time in bombing, the siege or occupation of cities … Cabanes : But what kind of history are we talking about? When a conflict breaks out, the historian’s expertise is … siege of the city of Mariupol by Russian troops to that of Leningrad (September 1941-January 1944), which caused more …

… Three graduate students at Yale University have rained on the parade of that university’s 300th anniversary by … on the slave trade. Slaves worked on the Princeton campus when slavery was legal in northern states. The recent discussion of …

… “We all had the same reaction. We tried not to see it. We were shocked, … era. The French case provides eerie parallels to today, when we are faced every day with new allegations about the … use of torture in Algeria didn’t happen overnight. It was a reaction to a deepening crisis in which the French …

… midnight, Georgian forces launched an attack on Tskhinvali, the provincial capital of South Ossetia, or what Georgians call Samachablo. Georgia claimed it was responding to a Russian invasion. Russia, whose troops … Saakashvili to use military force to regain Georgian lands when the Russian army was standing in readiness across the …

… domestic debates about how to achieve moral consistency in the fight and where to use federal government powers. A … Southern segregation. How can we fight for democracy, it was asked, when we treat so many Americans as second-class citizens? …

… a concise, insightful study of presidential candidates and their styles of political decision making . These styles … destructive to fulfilling their ambition" and that it was Reagan's temperament which helped him "gain his party's … showed ideological firmness, yet made political compromises when necessary . This pragmatism, combined with Reagan's …

… Whenever the initial glow of a presidency begins to fade, there’s a … Wilson’s second wife, the jewelry heiress Edith Galt, who was believed to have run the executive branch … as it did so often under Wilson, FDR and Reagan. But when the role of the first lady is understood and taken into …

… When I was in graduate school, my dissertation adviser returned an early draft of my thesis — a treatment of how Quaker theology influenced the … in his film. Why can’t the critics take him at his word when Gibson insists that his intention in bringing “Passion” …

… or, even better, "That's ancient history," suggests that the past is irrelevant. Sure, history happened. But so what? … states still prohibited black-white marriage in 1967, when the Supreme Court's evocatively entitled Loving v. … were wrong, it does not follow that the same arguments, when applied to gay marriage, are wrong. I am personally and …

…   … like the innkeeper in later Elizabethan Norfolk who scolded … and scholastics alike, the first thoughts that come to mind when discussing the Reformation is almost never either that … years of Elizabeth I’s reign, the population of England was not only forced to coexist amidst their religious …

… For the last 60 years, the United Nations has been one continual … as a means to resolve international disputes. The UN was created in 1945 because the League had been unable to … In 1935, the League did nothing to protect Ethiopia when it was invaded by Italy, nor has the UN taken any …

… at Long Island Jewish Medical Center in New York became the first person in New York City, and in most news reports, … vaccine on December 14, 2020. Lindsay’s vaccine shot was administered by a Black physician, Dr. Michelle Chester. … some medical procedures and completed follow-up paperwork. When the men died, Rivers encouraged their families to allow …