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The supreme court of Massachusetts sits at the John Adams Courthouse in Boston.

Gay-Marriage Decision: Just the Beginning of the Debate

… before all slaves in Massachusetts would be set free, the Commonwealth v. Jennison case of 1783 ensured that slaves … by the early 19th century all the Northern states had committed at least to eventual emancipation, slavery’s … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …
St. Catherine of Siena depicted on a wood panel.

Speaking Truth to Catholic Power

… scandal. Frustrated by a few unrepentant prelates, Keating compared their conspiratorial behavior to that of the Mafia. … to his lawyer and not enough to his heart.” Calling those comments “the last straw,” Mahoney announced he would seek … more amazing, though, is that he listened. After Gregory died in Rome, Catherine hoped his successor, Pope Urban VI, …

A New World Order? Africa and China

… On one hand, huge new markets have opened to American companies; on the other, Chinese producers have created … developing their negotiation strategies. The Sino-African Future Since the China-Africa Summit of 2004, China has … can learn through China, it is how to imagine their own future, explore new possibilities, and engage with the rest …
Taiwanese flags on display for National Day, 2018.

The Taiwan Strait Conflict

… put the entire  global economy in disarray and for years to come. Estimates of possible losses differ, but they are in … could contribute to a peaceful resolution in the distant future. It does so by deterring Chinese aggression with arms … and vocal age of open demonstrations. Chiang Kai-shek died in 1975. Faced with a revolting society led by the …
American W84 warhead from the 1980s.

Nuclear Arms Control – Now, More than Ever

… weapons. A breakthrough on this critical issue could come as part of an overall commitment toward deeper, verifiable nuclear arms cuts. Such … are grave reminders to Americans of September 11. But future attacks could be even more devastating if terrorists …
Cover of Song of Wrath The Peloponnesian War Begins by J. E. Lendon.

A Time For War

Review of Song of Wrath: The Peloponnesian War Begins, by J.E. Lendon (Basic Books, New York, 2010)
… chapter two by the motivations and actions that led to the coming of the Ten Years' War. In chapter three, Lendon … provides important insights to Thucydides' classic work, immersing Thucydides' narrative into "the wider stream of … and a grand reinterpretation into this extensively studied war. …
Crowd photo of protests in Hong Kong

Hong Kong and China: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow

… Kong. The demonstrators' demands have also expanded to encompass an investigation into police brutality, the … government, and Beijing? How did Hong Kong’s autonomy come about in the first place, and how might it be at risk? … know if they're going to have a chance to do so in the future. So it's not about today versus 2047. It's about …
General George S. Patton waving to crowds in Los Angeles, California in 1945.

Pragmatic de-Baathification is Key to Rebuilding Iraq

… this policy on grounds of administrative convenience or expediency.” (This situation replicated itself in the communist states of eastern Europe; Vaclav Klaus, the first … military presence in Iraq, it will need to ensure that any future Iraqi government has sufficient military resources at …
Israeli Prime Minister, Levi Eshkol

Six Days That Shook The World

Review of The Six Day War: The Breaking of the Middle East, by Guy Laron (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017)
… administrations that deemed the application of force a welcome distraction from domestic problems. At the same time, … offensive mindset—“Rabin’s Schlieffenplan,” (145) as Laron coins it in pointed allusion. Rabin's "Schlieffenplan:" an … but also offer rewarding reading experiences to public audiences with much patience and stamina. …
Reagan in 1982.

Exit Gen. Grant – Enter St. Ronald?

… decided to turn its back on racial progress and cast its future with the bigots and Confederate flag-wavers. Nixon … to study photographs of official Soviet events to see which Communist Party members were visible and which had been …
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, shakes hands with a US Air Force general officer prior to his departure from the United States

The Need to Talk with Iran

… weapon. Any potential United States-Iran dialogue would complement European efforts to persuade the Iranians to … to extend the olive branch of peace will risk putting future generations of Iranians and Americans on the path to …
H.G. Wells’s novel, War of the Worlds, described hissing, tentacled, tripodal invaders from Mars.

Orson Welles’s “War of the Worlds” Radio Broadcast

… an enterprising radio newsman unsatisfied with the comments from an obscure Midwestern astronomer, sped to … to drink a bottle of poison.  Two people reportedly died from heart attacks.  The Washington Post declared … at Princeton were conducting the first serious studies of the effects of mass communications on audiences.  …

The Year of Africa

… After touring British colonies in Africa, Macmillan had become increasingly convinced that “national consciousness” … of Lumumba’s anti-Western sentiments and as a result of soldiers’ mutinies and secessionist movements in the southern … activists, and African American intellectuals included many future leaders presidents of independent African nations, …
An official portrait of Vice President Dick Cheney taken in 2005

Cheney: Silent Partner to the President

… conceived.” Under Cheney, the vice presidency has become an extension of the presidency itself. Adams was not … Bush has great respect for Cheney’s ability to accomplish common goals without drawing attention to himself. … afterthought at the constitutional convention in 1788. Will future vice presidents inherit such power and influence? …
And Water for All - stylized image of hands with water behind them

... And Water for All

An educational documentary about water affordability
… done it with these water and sewer systems that have become ubiquitous in our lifetimes.   Nicholas Breyfogle  The … part makes it hard, that plays a big part, and the only future I see for towns like us is expanding our water base, … upgrade that brings us the best value and a long-term future. And our neighborhood keeps it in the township we we …
Soviet and US Flags

Cultural Diplomacy and the Global Cold War

… Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle   Hello, and welcome to Cultural Diplomacy and the Global Cold War, brought … end quote. Yet each side also had to consider their audiences, which allowed for flexibility with the ideological … the Bulgarian state, the moment today, '81, and then in the future, the idea was that communism will inevitably arrive. …
A photo of Helmut Kohl in1987.

Germany After Kohl

… sad watching a powerful political figure overstay his welcome. Helmut Kohl, German chancellor for sixteen years, has … Germany under Schrôder might do is of greater importance. A comparison of the chancellorships of Konrad Adenauer and … shaped something that others can make even greater in the future. Michael Richards teaches modern European and world …
Nationalist poster depicting Pakistani atrocities during the war

The Bangladesh Liberation War

… South Asia’s geopolitical landscape, it also bears a more complex and lesser-known set of legacies for how we think … murder and deportation of the populace—the army of Pakistan committed war crimes that reached the level of genocide. … Even as American diplomats at the consulate in Dhaka futilely sounded the alarm over the ongoing “selective …
President George H.W. Bush shaking hands with Russian President Boris Yeltsin at the Kremlin.

Russia — Ten Years After the Fall

… wanted to emulate. Now that they had been freed from communist oppression, many supposed, it would not be long … many Russians did hope that Russia would magically become like the United States, the euphoric American … of living, prominent scholars argued that U.S. aid had been futile or counterproductive and urged Americans to simply …
Man Celebrating Repeal Day with a banner that says "Good Old Days Are Back Again!"

Celebrating Repeal with a Drink, Not a Joint

… and Washington, the news media are now brimming with comparisons of alcohol to marijuana prohibition and “lessons … drinking habit. In 1970, two legal scholars wrote a comparison of alcohol and marijuana law that I believe still … The courts generally came to see the state legislatures as competent to decide whether drinking was a public evil and …
Photo of FDN & ARDE Frente Sur Commandas in the Nueva Guinea zone of Southeast Nicaragua, 1987

The Imperial Presidency Pushes Back

Review of Iran Contra: Reagan’s Scandal and the Unchecked Abuse of Presidential Power, by Malcolm Byrne (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2014)
… could operate off the books. Photo of FDN & ARDE Frente Sur Commandas in the Nueva Guinea zone of Southeast Nicaragua, … and sought to sustain its war effort. Here, one of the shadier characters in this sordid drama emerged: Manucher … North suggested to the National Security Council that future arms deals happen directly through the United States …