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Nancy Reagan speaking at a "Just Say No" Rally.

The “Modern” War on Drugs (Prologued, Season 2, Episode 1)

… see, the development of the US drug war was deeply informed by experiences abroad...and to understand why the War on … last idyllic age where I had the typical nuclear family. Most of my friends’ parents had both their mom and dad in … for Harry Anslinger was that the truth was exactly the opposite: it was Chiang Kai-Shek’s allies who were trafficking …
The Second Bank of the United States.

Enron’s Collapse Follows a Familiar Pattern

… first such failure in U.S., history, in the 1830s, and the most recent, in the 1980s.  Now it’s up to the President and … mishaps. Within fifteen years, Enron executives transformed their company from a middling firm into the seventh-largest …
President Clinton and President-Elect Bush in December 2000.

Leadership and the New Bush Administration

… otherwise, is a dynamic process that revolves around three complex elements — the leader, the followers and the situation. When contemplating leadership, most people focus primarily, if not exclusively, on the … that men with no "mandates" can govern effectively. While most television pundits give short shrift to the numerous …
Illustration of the duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr (1887)

The Hamilton-Burr Duel

… Hamilton and Vice President Aaron Burr faced off in the most infamous duel in American history. Burr fatally wounded … who died the next day. Hamilton’s premature death transformed him from one of the last stalwarts of the fading … of Lin Manuel Miranda’s musical Hamilton , he has also become a pop culture icon. Meanwhile, as the character of …
The words "Equal Justice Under Law" which are inscribed on the front of the U.S. Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C.

The Ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment

… In many ways, it gave Americans a new constitution. On the most basic level, the Fourteenth Amendment set the terms for … too much about it." (Library of Congress) But that did not come to pass. The “no state shall” language was ideally … during World War I , progressive lawyers and others formed civil liberties organizations to demand freedom of …
Botanic Blooming sagebrush on the great plains

Why the Great Plains Are Dying

… and dry places, like much of the American West, will become even more parched. John Wesley Powell is rolling over … more, but in the era after the Civil War he was among the most prominent American scientists and explorers. His … large-scale farm crisis in the nation’s history. “In God we trusted, in Kansas we busted,” so the expression went at the …
A portrait of Slobodan Milosevic

Glory and the New World Order

… us, then back down, then do it again and again. Because most U.S. statesmen and politicians work on a predictable … of years the kings of Europe sought glory through a combination of military victories like Lepanto, the great … and many enemy civilians, would certainly be killed and maimed. Vietnam gave us a deep aversion to getting into such …
Caricature of President Nixon in 1970.

Patrick J. Buchanan: a Populist, Not a Conservative

… his party's $12.6 million, thanks to the Federal Election Commission, which ruled in a recent 5-1 decision that … a place by hostile liberal journalists and from then on distrusted the news media. Modern American conservatism … attacks against antiwar intellectual "snobs," as did most conservatives. For some time, despite his inherent …

Feminism in Egypt: New Alliances, Old Debates

… From 2011 to 2014, breathtaking political changes transformed the lives of men and women in Egypt . First, with the … than 7 million votes, giving the Islamists control of almost two-thirds of the seats in parliament. Morsi was the winner of Egypt’s first competitive presidential election, but his government was …
Philippoteaux - Lamartine in front of the Town Hall of Paris rejects the red flag.

The Challenges of 1848 Reprised in the Middle East Today

… Some pundits have compared the recent uprisings in the Middle East to the … democratic example on the Arabs' doorstep.   One of the most interesting parallels between the revolutions of 1848 … Eastern demonstrators today employ a mix of new digital media and old-fashioned word of mouth, so in the 1840s the …
Official Portrait of President Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan

“The Reagans”: The Spirit of Censorship Lives

… history. Ed Gillespie, chairman of the Republican National Committee, complained that the CBS script contains language … have offered hard-hitting, opinionated viewpoints. Most film and television dramas that have excited public … public’s interest in the history of slavery, portrayed most blacks as noble and depicted most whites as …
Emperor Süleyman

Süleyman the Magnificent

… Ottoman history. Over that span, he rose to be one of the most powerful and influential monarchs of European history, … his empire. When Süleyman was made sultan, his kingdom encompassed the peoples and territories of the Balkans, … Protestantism taking root in Hungary or Transylvania. He formed an alliance with the French against the Habsburgs and …
Illustration of Packing Room in Opium Factory at Patna, India

The World of Opium: From “Free” to Illicit Trade

Review of Opium’s Long Shadow: From Asian Revolt to Global Drug Control , by Steffen Rimner (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2018)
… of Chinese defeat in the face of British imperial power and commercial interests. China wanted to stem the flow of opium … an important component of their activities. In his aptly named Opium’s Long Shadow: From Asian Revolt to Global Drug … in particular, and drug control broadly. These days, most governments have outlawed the opium trade. The Indian …
Maurycy Gottlieb - Jews Praying in the Synagogue on Yom Kippur.

Yom Kippur: A First Step to Peace

… All of those meanings are now reflected in the Jewish community’s ambivalent view of the Middle East conflict. … as well as legal. The rabbinic prayers, still used in most synagogues today, were phrased in the first person … ethical self-doubts so central to the rabbinic view. For most Zionists, the fact that Jews were oppressed and needed …
A Soviet junior political officer urges Soviet troops forward against German positions, 1942

Operation Barbarossa

… in overrunning much of Central and Western Europe, most shockingly its rapid victory over France. The USSR, in … issued OKW Directive No. 21, which declared: “The German Armed Forces must be prepared to crush Soviet Russia in a … and the simultaneous purges, officers were rushed into commission; in 1941, only half had completed any formal …
The original Star-Spangled Banner is on view at the National Museum of American History in Washington, DC.

Grace Wisher: The Black Girl Who Helped Stitch the Star-Spangled Banner

… one of her nieces all receive recognition for sewing the most popular flag in U.S. history—the flag that would later … Three years into Grace’s apprenticeship, Pickersgill was commissioned to create the Star-Spangled Banner in … that took six long weeks to complete. There was also an unnamed enslaved Black girl who was said to have helped stitch …
Capture of the Pirate Blackbeard, 1718 depicting the battle between Blackbeard and Robert Maynard in Ocracoke Bay; romanticized depiction by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris from 1920.

Why Piracy Remains a Threat

… European prisoners.   Then, as now, the United States was coming out of a long and costly war (with England). Then, … Today, President Obama hopes to reduce American military commitments abroad as the Iraq war winds down. Pirate … captured two American ships and their crews in what seemed, like recent events, to be a minor incident. But, as the …
seedlings

Seed Money: Monsanto's Past and Our Food Future

… us on an authoritative and eye-opening journey into how the company Monsanto came to have outsized influence over our … that are the kind of lions of the day. Europe is where most of these chemicals that are ultimately coming from … relationship that you can even see here on their company website they say that without Coca-Cola, there would be no …
Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam, by Lien-Hang T. Nguyen Book Cover.

Hanoi Central

Review of Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam, by Lien-Hang T. Nguyen Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012
… the story of the political rise of two of North Vietnam's most powerful leaders, Le Duan and Le Duc Tho, the police state they and their comrades built in the North to solidify their power and … the South fighting the French after World War II, were the most influential "South-firsters." "South-firsters" believed …
Mushroom cloud over the Bikini Atoll

Nuclear Tensions, Nuclear Weapons, and a Long History of Nuclear War

… about nuclear weapons and who has them? How did the U.S. become so central in efforts to control them? And how can past … What was different about Able Archer 83 was that the most senior leadership of a number of NATO countries, … a lot of pressure to shoot first at them. That's the opposite of strategic stability. Strategic stability means the …
With running mate Paul Ryan in Norfolk, Virginia, during the vice presidential selection announcement on August 11, 2012

Vice Presidential Nominees Must Be Plausible As President

… or on appealing to independents? Some of those factors may come into play, yet the recent history of vice-presidential … curious that this threshold factor is often overlooked. Most recent presidential candidates have recognized that … age what a vice presidential candidate says anywhere can immediately be transmitted everywhere. Presidential candidates …