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Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on Florence Owens Thompson, age 32, a mother of seven children, in Nipomo, California, March 1936.

Another Great Depression?

… Here's why.   The Great Depression was the result of the combination of the 1929 financial crisis and serious structural … the worst economic collapse in American history.   Today's economy is hurtling downward on a similar path. The …
Thomas Jefferson, founder of the University of Virginia, enslaved more than 600 people in his lifetime.

Ivy and Slavery

… had different values.” So why should we impose our standards of morality on university administrators of nearly two … reformers. Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of “Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” reached the hearts of Americans. Many readers — it was … it difficult to break free from the constraints of their communities, for many churches, political parties and laws …
The culminating moment of Alice, when the pretense of power is exposed and collapses. Carroll was very concerned throughout his life with giving a wide audience of people, not just his Christ Church students, the tools of logical thinking so that they would not be the victims of demagogues and ideologies.

Everyone’s Inner Child Turns 150 Years Old

… Dodgson (Lewis Carroll), celebrates her 150 th birthday this year. While her pinafore and his frockcoat and long … our own purposes as well. Zombie Alice at 2014 New York ComicCon. Cosplaying is one way people have taken ownership … what the painful and even fatal consequences were of disobedience. Carroll, however, was on the side of the child, an …

Populism and Anti-Americanism in Modern Latin America

… Bolivia and Ecuador as well as the leading left-wing candidate in Mexico's most recent presidential election have run … Brazil and Chile, are not populists. Consequently, the most common definition of populism in political science today … (most likely killed by the military that dropped their bodies in the shark infested ocean). Furthermore, declassified …
2nd Battalion, 7th Marines packing up gear to withdraw from Al-Taqaddum Air Base, 24 March 2020.

Vietnam and Iraq: The Benefits of Getting Out

… consequences and that a retreat from Iraq would be more damaging still. This analogy may be appealing, but it’s a … Vietnam analogy is not so much the difficulty of drawing comparisons between two different situations. The problem is … By the early 1970s, American involvement in Vietnam had become a strategic disaster. The war was sucking U.S. economic …
Alert soldiers on the Brandenburg Gate, during the Spartacist Uprising

Victorious Weimar: Reframing the German Revolution

Review of November 1918: The German Revolution, by Robert Gerwarth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… the debate over what historians have called the failed, incomplete, and even the forgotten revolution has been revived … political system in which all power was in the hands of soldiers’ and workers’ councils.” Ebert emerged as Chancellor, … 1919, riots produced some of the bloodiest and most somber days of the German Revolution. They led Chancellor Ebert to …
President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967.

How to Intervene and Get Out

… the Dominican capital, to stop what it believed was a communist insurgency there. The action was heavily … spot and focused all its might there. It then set up checkpoints and searched houses one by one. Weeks after the … for the aftermath than many said were needed. U.S. soldiers soon spread themselves too thin. It took them more …

The Ukrainian Crisis: In Russia's Long Shadow

… a tsarist-era name for southern and southeastern Ukraine dating from the 18 th century. At the same time, the … of Ukraine: Russia cannot be an empire without Ukraine and coming to terms with Ukraine’s separate nationhood is a … Both Russians and Ukrainians look back to the mighty medieval empire of Kyivan Rus′, which accepted Christianity in …
Chinese manufactured goods, like this jar from the Ming dynasty, were highly desired trade items.

Borne by the Waves: The Ocean’s Role in Global Trade

Review of The Boundless Sea: A Human History of the Oceans, by David Abulafia (Oxford University Press, 2019)
David Abulafia’s The Boundless Sea  is not, strictly … are addressed, this work is not focused on ecological communities or human impact on marine habitats . Rather, … remaining two examine the interconnections among these bodies of water after 1492. This organization keeps the book’s …
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum with a sign announcing the 70th anniversary ceremony.

A Postcard from Hiroshima

… of the bombing and was able to witness how the Japanese commemorate these tragic events. Hiroshima Peace Memorial … Abe’s omission was sharply criticized in Japan, and three days later in Nagasaki he did make such a pledge. Historical … so severely that they had little skin left on their bodies. Several cried out for water, though when she fetched …
A group of boys at Chirec International School in India playing Cricket, 2015.

Cricket without Boundaries: The Story of a Global Game

… time that the United States hosted an international cricket competition. In fact, the first international cricket game … in New York in 1844, when the U.S. cricket team played Canada. A crowd of at least 5,000 spectators watched Canada … ,  New Zealand , Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, West Indies, and  Zimbabwe —are regarded as the powerhouses of the …

The Amazon Rainforest under Threat

… became the top trending hashtag on Twitter after the combination of smoke from Amazon forest fires, a weather front, and pollution caused skies to darken in the middle of the afternoon in Brazil’s metropolis … tribes had been destroyed, and the number of Nambikwara, studied by French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, had been …
Book Cover of For Peace and Money French and British Finance in the Service of Tsars and Commissars By: Jennifer Siegel

12/15/2014: Hot off the Presses: Peace, Money, and Tsars

… French and British Finance in the Service of Tsars and Commissars New book from Ohio State historian Jennifer … railroads, and the development of the military-industrial complex, Russia's ministers of finance, municipal leaders, … of World War I." [Book description from the publisher's website ] …
Portrait of Thomas Paine from 1793.

Common Sense: Salute Paine, Not Jefferson, on the Fourth

… Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence will, once again, command center stage. It will be quoted and read in its … who might be persuaded to aid the American cause. Paine’s audience was less refined. They were the common people who … refused to answer Washington’s call to serve in the army. Today, “Common Sense” may not be as highly regarded as the …
Courtesans such as Lilly Langtry (in this 1885 photograph) are claimed to have started utilizing underwear as tool of seduction.

Where’s that Sexy History Under There?

Review of Exposed: A History of Lingerie, by Colleen Hill (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Yale University Press, 2014)
… - mostly through means of fashion photography and short accompanying descriptions - Hill attempts to describe lingerie … that also tap into the larger meaning of how women’s bodies are perceived in general society. The story of lingerie … the author made room for this in her own analysis. This ladies underwear advertisement from 1913 highlights a fairly …
Woodrow Wilson in 1911.

The Peril of Absolute Power

… for a reformation of the world order in his famous Fourteen Points address. Not only did he urge a world governed by … of “a general association of nations,” what would become the League of Nations, to adjudicate international … Cold War — but only recently have we abandoned a broader commitment to a world governed by law instead of force. …
Sir Winston Churchill in 1945.

Churchill on Iraq: “Living on an Ungrateful Volcano”

… Sterling a year [the equivalent of half a billion dollars today] for the privilege of living on an ungrateful volcano … the Arab officials of Iraq’s British-backed King Feisal “incompetent.” He noted the gross over-expenditure of monies in … American troops from that nation now. Shannon Monaghan studies history at Yale University and writes for the History …
India and Pakistan highlighted on a map.

“Open Skies” for India and Pakistan?

… stated, “Open Skies” would have the effect of “lessening danger and relaxing tension” between the two heavily armed … terrorists. The remnants of al-Qaida, and possibly Osama bin Laden himself, are in that area. For the international community to finish off al-Qaida, uninterrupted cooperation …
Engraving of René Descartes.

A Triumph for Religion as Well as Science

… of Intelligent Design do not do science as it’s done today: designing experiments, collecting data, and submitting … and natural theology was a debate within the scientific community of the day. Within the modern scientific community, there is no debate; biologists disagree on the …
June 4th, 2014, at Hong Kong’s Victoria Park (Photo by the author)

Remembering Tiananmen: The View from Hong Kong

… In between memory and forgetting, there is commemoration . On June 4, 1989 a protest in Beijing’s … and heavy artillery. The death toll remains disputed. Today Tiananmen is referred to as an incident ( shijian ) by … But even those who survived would remember that they studied to “save the nation” ( jiuguo ). The students of 1989 …
Photo of A. Mitchell Palmer, a congressman from Pennsylvania who later became the U.S. Attorney General under President Woodrow Wilson.

Cracking Down on Dissent

… Are we returning to the bad old days of spying on peaceful Americans? In February, the most … to keep close tabs on them. Spying on dissidents has become official policy since police departments were advised … I. Other “scares” followed. From 1938 to 1945 Rep. Martin Dies of Texas, no defender of civil liberties, chaired the …
Jean Leon Gerome Ferris's 1912 illustration, The First Thanksgiving, 1621

Now, About that First Thanksgiving Dinner…

… been so obscured by myth. Every year on the fourth Thursday in November, Americans sit down to eat with family and … are uncertain. The only documentary evidence of the event comes from the journal of Plymouth Colony’s governor, Edward … that the historical evidence of Thanksgiving is not as compelling as the myths that cloud our memories. It’s too …