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Alert soldiers on the Brandenburg Gate, during the Spartacist Uprising

Victorious Weimar: Reframing the German Revolution

Review of November 1918: The German Revolution, by Robert Gerwarth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… the debate over what historians have called the failed, incomplete, and even the forgotten revolution has been revived in recent years. … a more democratic government and more political and social freedom. Throughout the book, the author balances small … 1918: The German Revolution , by Robert Gerwarth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020) …
The Titanic sailing from Southampton in 1912.

Is History Really Bunk?

… such surveys are not new. They have long furnished grist for the mills of both critics of U.S. education and … of the intergalactic wars of the Star Trek TV series become as important as the Civil War. An example of how … such education affords no safety in this dangerous world. Free-thinking alone can furnish the energy and the direction …
Exiles carry a poster against the communist government of Cuba, in a demonstration in Miami

Cuba in Focus–Again

… again, even on Fidel Castro, whom most of us had almost forgotten — most, that is, except the million-plus … the exiles and the U.S. government joined in a powerful common cause to dump Castro, who, in the peak Cold War … although Americans still need U.S. government permission to visit Cuba legally, many go illegally through third …
Flag of the People's Republic of China

With Enemies Like These…

… as they have from the furor last summer triggered by comments about Beijing’s human rights record made by Bob … from, rather than being harmed by, being singled out for criticism by Beijing. The pair in question, Taiwan’s … less important, thing that Eisner and company gained was free publicity for Scorsese’s film. Any fear that the movie, …
Flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

NATO Expansion in Eastern Europe: For What and For Whom?

… is all about. Perhaps history from the early cold war and before can be a guide. Established in 1949 as a military … funded by the United States, to contain/encircle Soviet and Communist power in Eastern Europe, prevent powerful … and the International Monetary Fund-World Bank campaign for free markets in the Third World, a globalized gunboat …
Monica Lewinsky's official government ID photo from 1997.

Another Watergate?

… and persuaded her to lie about it had not been public for an hour before many observers were uttering sentences … at the Democratic national headquarters at the Watergate complex in 1972. An abbreviated list of what came to be … “a third-rate burglary.” So far, we have no proof that the latest addition to Starr’s amorphous investigation was even …
Cover of The British Way of War by Andrew Lambert

Redefining Strategy in 20th Century Britain

Review of The British Way of War: Julian Corbett and the Battle for a National Strategy by Andrew Lambert (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2021)
… In The British Way of War: Julian Corbett and the Battle for a National Strategy, Andrew Lambert, Professor of Naval … strategic priorities. Corbett disavowed continental commitment and mass armies, believing Britain should instead … followed, particularly in denying the American request for freedom of seas and codifying belligerent maritime rights to …
1942 photo of an American flag.

The Changing Symbolism of Old Glory

… now considered critical to the healing of a nation that has for too long emphasized its social diversity over its unity. … Although the United States has often wavered from that commitment, the tragic events of Sept. 11 compel us to … The Stars and Stripes will continue to remind us all that freedom demands eternal vigilance and accountability if we …
A crowd of protesters at night in Sudan

Sudan: Popular Protests, Today and Yesterday

… of living, demonstrators soon widened their criticisms to encompass the full impact of Bashir’s three decades in power: … Henry and Eric Michael Rhodes discuss this pivotal moment for Sudan with two experts on Sudanese history and politics: … All Politics is Local: Understanding Boko Haram , Searching for Wakanda: The African Roots of the Black Panther Story , …
"The National Game. Three Outs and One Run." Drawing depicting the four candidates of the 1860 United States presidential election (L to R): John Bell, Stephen Douglas, John C. Breckinridge, and Abraham Lincoln. The artist is comparing the election to a baseball game.

The Election of 1860 and Secession — to Preserve Slavery

… revolution of 1860 has been initiated." That evening, in a foreshadowing of events to come, fireworks lit the sky above Fort Sumter. Who could … Masoff's text, claim that the "preservation of liberty and freedom was the motivating factor in the South's decision" …
Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Soviet Ukraine in a Nutshell

… of violence and instability until 1922. Multiple communities of former tsarist imperial subjects imagined the future in … Ukraine, but in a narrowly-defined form. They fought for freedom from the Soviets—and the Nazis, once it was clear … Former Soviet Union …
Tulsa aftermath. Jun 1, 1921.

In Oklahoma, Another Debate About Reparations

… We are hearing lots about apologies for slavery these days. The Hartford Courant, one of the … in the city that a lynching was imminent. The proud black community, which was reading "radical" literature such as … riot does not mean that the city as a political entity is freed from legal or moral responsibility. As they decide …
Senator J. William Fulbright in 1966.

Advice from the Past about Yugoslavia

… its propaganda war against the Serbs? Will provisions for the demilitarization of the Kosovo Liberation Army and … and relying on military superiority and instead find common ground with its adversaries. In October 1962 Kennedy … women and children with napalm as valiant fighters for freedom.” The U.S. demonized one side in the dispute in …
Turkish soldiers standing over skeletal remains during Armenian Genocide

Armenians, Turks, and the Genocide Question

… April 24, 2015 marks the commemoration of the 100 th anniversary of the Armenian … The result was the physical annihilation of the Armenian communities that had lived in the Anatolian peninsula for more than 2500 years. But labeling it as a “genocide” … if you wanted to take off here and then others can feel free to jump in.   Ayse Baltacioglu-Brammer   The Turkish of …
New York stock market index from 1926 to 1939

Can the Global Crisis of the Nineties Lead to Another Great Depression?

… and the Nineties, and does history offer “lessons” from a comparison? Some of the similarities are certainly … worrisome: The climb in stock prices during the last year before Wall Street’s crash in October 1929 was phenomenal. … offers a model for dealing with the dangerous swings in free-market capitalism that are the source of many of …
Anti-Christian sign in Federal Plaza Chicago 2008

Slavery, Gay Rights, and the Bible

… Having announced his support for gay marriage, President Obama now faces the wrath of … and equality. For them, slavery and Christianity were incompatible. These contrasting approaches parallel the … arguments on whatever authorities we value. But we are also free to ignore those who quote scripture to limit the …
U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt (left) and nature preservationist John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club, on Glacier Point in Yosemite National Park. In the background: Upper and lower Yosemite Falls.

Why Today’s Politicians Love Teddy Roosevelt

… of the term “malefactors of great wealth,” Teddy’s label for corrupt corporations and businessmen. Three years later … a Milwaukee auditorium to deliver a speech. True to his combative reputation, he insisted on speaking before going … to be flip-floppers who shift their views according to the latest opinion polls. In such a political climate, it’s no …
President Reagan recites the Pledge of Allegiance with students from a Detroit Catholic school in 1984.

Affirming “Under God” Ruling Is a Higher Form of Patriotism

… covers, official recitals of the God-infused pledge are now forbidden. Unlike last June, when politicians savaged a … evangelical Rev. Billy Graham rose to celebrity denouncing communism as a "satanic religion," while Secretary of State … highest form of patriotism. Historian David Greenberg is a visiting scholar at the American Academy of Arts and …
PPI Drug Testing by Cambodia, PPI Network, CC BY 2.0, Flickr

Pro Sports Can Run, But They Can’t Hide

… The chair of the House Government Reform Committee, Tom Davis, House Democrat Henry Waxman and … was not until the late 1980s that players started to enjoy free agency, six decades after the Supreme Court ruled that … History News Service …
First Cabinet of President Barack Obama in the White House East Room.

The Distant Horizon of a President

… to show indiscipline by way of embarrassing leaks; and foreign leaders from Nicolas Sarkozy to Vladimir Putin to … cautious, thoughtful Obama was just plain weak, or worse: incompetent. Well, health care legislation has passed, the … The Atlantic Century (2009) and is a writer for the History News Service. …
Protesters against the an anti-gay marriage amendment on the 2012 election ballot.

The Gay-Marriage Amendment: A Danger to the Constitution

… consider the old Chinese adage, “Be careful what you wish for, because you may get it.” A gay marriage amendment, if … likely have to endure the result regardless of how much we come to regret it. The nation’s constitutional history is … that a wide range of matters from health care to hospital visitation rights to joint filing of income taxes ought to …
School Lunch Politics: The Surprising History of America's Favorite Welfare Program, by Susan Levine Book Cover

Playing Politics with Our Children's Health

Review of School Lunch Politics: The Surprising History of America's Favorite Welfare Program, by Susan Levine (Princeton University Press, 2008)
… cafeterias. Eric Goldstein, who manages school lunches for 860,000 public school students in New York City, told … early twentieth century to the present, highlighting the complex interaction of politics, economics, nutrition, and … prevailed, and very few of the poor children who needed free meals actually received them. In the 1960s, Americans …