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An MP looking north from South Korea in the Demilitarized Zone, 2008.

The War That Never Ended: The Legacy of the Korean War

… forces, however, the South Korean military repelled the Communist attack and eventually pushed them north of the … fought with the support and cooperation of outside world superpowers:  China sent 3 million “volunteers” to help the … greatly assisted the fledgling KPA. Mao Zedong’s own son died during the conflict. Soviet leader  Joseph Stalin , …
Ukrainian refugees board a train in Lviv, February 2022.

West Ukraine’s War Stories: A New Chapter?

… this region has also been central to Ukraine’s complex journey to define itself. In the Soviet era and in … build a national movement with those they viewed as their compatriots living in imperial Russia , rich and often … of life in the rapidly changing Russian empire.  Even a common religious foundation eluded these groups, with …
David Ben-Gurion proclaiming Israel's independence beneath a large portrait of Theodor Herzl.

Zionist Idea of Security Blocks Path to Peace

… Pinsker, set the pattern in 1881. Anti-Semitism “can never die,” he maintained. Wherever Jews live among foreigners, … as a permanent fact of life. The Zionists aimed to overcome that psychological infirmity by making the Jews a … Holocaust theologian Emil Fackenheim once told an audience that Israel might be destroyed by its enemies. Still, …
Marlin Stutzman US senate campaign, 2016 (Support a Balanced Budget Amendment)

An Amendment Whose Time Has Never Come

… to popular enthusiasm for a simplistic solution to fiscal complexities, a responsible minority treated the … checkbook where failure to limit household spending to income courted disaster. This analogy ignored the reality that … The repeated defeats of balanced budget amendments should come as no surprise. The Framers deliberately made amendment …

A New World Order? Africa and China

… On one hand, huge new markets have opened to American companies; on the other, Chinese producers have created stiff competition. Nowhere has China’s emergence been more … of independence. Seeking for ways to compete with the superpowers for control over Congo’s copper resources …
Computers utilized by U.S. Navy personnel in 1998.

What the Internet Will Bring Us

… ultimate solution to problems of (pick one, or pick many) communication, commerce, travel, learning, teaching, thinking? Much of the … of Defense created in 1969, the transcontinental railroad (completed exactly a hundred years earlier) brought …
Marina Silva (PSB)

10/21/2014: Top Ten Origins: Brazil's Presidential Elections

… economically most important countries in the world, the outcome of these elections is significant not just for … direct involvement in politics ended in 1985. (Right) Soldiers guarding Guanabara Palace in Rio de Janeiro, March 31, … was elected president of Brazil in 1985 but fell ill and died before he was sworn in. Aécio began his political …
Grover Cleveland, painted by Anders Zorn in 1899

The Politics of Civility

… recede. In their place emerged a fierce brand of political combat that regarded private life as a legitimate field of … of their leaders, but instead as easily manipulable commodities whose penchant for irrational judgment required …
Cover of Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm by Harold James.

Blood and Steel

Review of Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm, by Harold James (Princeton University Press, 2012)
… crimes." 1 Partially as a result, the name Krupp has become synonymous with war profiteering, armaments and the … does, but the latter makes up for this deficit with the superior accuracy of his account. The protagonists of James' … and was removed from the list of merchants in Essen. 2 He died impoverished two years later. It was his son, Alfried …
Top view of engineer at desk with laptop, hardhat, and blueprints

Origins interviews the American Society of Civil Engineers

… Tom Smith   Sure. And by the way, the next report card will come out in 2017. What we do is we look at 16 categories of … you know, just how bad some of our infrastructure has become? Tom Smith   Well, you know, in general, I'll just … card. We really need to increase our leadership when it comes to infrastructure renewal. We need to also focus on …
The Favorites of Emperor Honorius by John William Waterhouse depicts the emperor's court in the 5th century CE.

Financing Salvation in Late Antiquity

Review of The Ransom of the Soul: Afterlife and Wealth in Early Western Christianity, by Peter Brown (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2015.)
… of the living, and that the property of the church had come to be thought of as being held as a trust with which to … Western Christianity.  This, in my opinion, impedes his audience from considering the true centrality of the issues of … considering authorial behaviors. Whatever ancient and medieval bishops preached and wrote about poverty, they …
McCain formally announces his candidacy for president in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 2007.

Why McCain and His Running Mate Demand Special Scrutiny

… had better think again. Of the eight presidents who have died in office, four were killed by assassins. Youth and a … mates of even young and vigorous presidents should be completely qualified to take over all presidential duties in … then World War II — that it's hard to believe that when he died in office of a cerebral hemorrhage he was only 63.   …

Cops and Robbers? The Roots of Anti-Doping Policies in Olympic Sport

… Agency (WADA) Dick Pound presented “The Independent Commission Report #1” to the press corps. The 323-page … about what effects the substances might have on athletes’ bodies. Certainly there were those who disagreed, and at times … amateur sport and the “true sportsmanlike behavior” embodied by amateur athletes , and profit-driven owners …
Cygnet, Ohio, in Wood County was a booming oil town with 13 saloons and many workers when this photo was taken in 1885.

An Energy Plan for You!

… Dwight D. Eisenhower and Republican legislators took unbecomingly large financial contributions from the appreciative … seen whether George W. will allow his administration to be completely captured by his fossil fuel buddies. Eisenhower, in fact, ended up vetoing the deregulation …
Mount Holyoke College

Historical Truth and Personal Truths

… as much troubled by dishonesty and other human shortcomings as other occupations. When scholars make mistakes, … dishonesty is now known to one and all because of the superiority and justified popularity of his historical … framers of the nation have deservedly attracted a wide audience. And that is one reason why his recent exposure, like …
A teacher and her students in an elementary school classroom.

When a Good Public Education Becomes a Constitutional Right

… California has something to offer the nation as it comes to terms with last month’s Supreme Court ruling … Even more important, they provided easy ways to file complaints and measure compliance. Achieving such a sweeping improvement in … When a Good Public Education Becomes a Constitutional Right …
Highclere Castle, the main setting for Downton Abbey.

At the Movies: Downton Abbey

… by Michael Engler It has been four years since television audiences bid adieu to the Crawley family and their servants, but now the … its effects: “My maid was rather curt with me, but she is a Communist at heart.” Mounted police clear demonstrators from …
Two Nord Stream pipes are welded together on the Castoro Sei pipelaying vessel in preparation for laying them beneath the Baltic Sea, 2011.

The Environmental Threat of Russia’s Nord Stream 2 Pipeline

… sector, and a decline in its international reputation and superpower status. Its narrowing, unstable economy has become dependent on the export of a single commodity: energy. … around 12 km from the accident site. In this animation, diesel oil is visible in the Ambarnaya River on both May 31 …
Admiral William D. Leahy in 1944.

Hiroshima: Military Voices of Dissent

… the first to use it, we had adopted an ethical standard common to the barbarians of the Dark Ages. I was not taught … and children."  President Dwight Eisenhower, the Allied commander in Europe during World War II, recalled in 1963, … about a White House decision to the question of what soldiers in the Pacific believed, when the relevant historical …
The hazards of an enclosed work environment – a typist with cloth mask during the influenza pandemic in 1918.

The Respirator and Cloth Mask

… understandings of how disease is transmitted within the community. As a general rule, respirators function by … humidity of lowland Bengal took a physical toll on the soldiers and officials of the East India Company. Upon … illness. Stenhouse’s filtration approach gradually superseded Jeffreys’s design and formed the basic principle …
portion of a movie poster for the movie Mary Queen of Scots, directed by Josie Rourke

At the Movies: Mary Queen of Scots

… to which men will go to take it away from them, and to the complicated politics of one’s immortal soul. Director Josie … religious houses, and declaring Catholicism illegal. Marie died during this revolt, leaving Mary’s illegitimate … of Mary. Elizabeth seems obsessed with her own vanity as compared to Mary but comes to learn that beauty does not …