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Cambodia's Prime Minister Hun Sen in 2012.

War Crimes: The “New Era” Looks Like the Old

… Now that the trial of former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic … of the trial, prosecutor Carla del Ponte insisted that his was not a political trial. Milosevic countered with a … more a claim than reality. The alleged new era began when courts in The Hague, Spain, Belgium and the United …
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife before their assassinations in Sarajevo.

The Enduring Lesson of Sarajevo

… “No more Munichs,” President Bush warned at the November ceremony in Lithuania marking the latest round … into a conflagration engulfing the entire continent. When Austria moved to attack Serbia, Russia mobilized … it harder to extricate their countries from the conflict when their initial strategies went awry. The ruinous …
Meiji Constitution promulgation by Toyohara Chikanobu, 1889.

Japan’s Meiji Restoration

… or Meiji Ishin, occurred on January 3, 1868, and marked the return of the Japanese emperor to a position of power … time in more than 500 years.  The Restoration happened when a coalition of powerful pro-reform forces led a palace … of the Tokugawa and handover to the new Meiji regime was swift and largely peaceful, resulting in the
Russian peasants in the early 20th century.

Vladimir Putin: Not the Jefferson of Russia

When Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated as America's third president in 1801, he noted that the American experiment in democracy had passed a crucial … of Stravinsky. Stolypin's policies led Vladimir Lenin to conclude that his generation might not even see the

Building a New Silk Road? Central Asia in the New World Order

… Central Asia may be the most important part of the world we know the least … of Russian imperialism, like in other European colonies, was the exploitation of natural resources. Raw materials … of ecological disasters. The Soviet Legacy in Central Asia When the Central Asian states were thrust into independence …
Joseph Ambrose, an 86-year-old World War I veteran, attends the dedication day parade for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in 1982. Wearing a doughboy uniform like the ones used during the war, he is holding an American flag. It covered the casket of his son Clement, who was killed in the Korean War.

Tributes of Silence, the Honor of Words

… This years Veterans Day comes in the wake of fierce political campaigning over which policies … for their country overseas. The divisive war in Iraq was what drove this fall’s march of troops through dueling … wordless rituals began four score and seven years ago, when President Wilson asked Americans to observe two minutes …
Paul Ryan, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives

Ryan’s Hope: A Vice Presidency in the Tradition of Dick Cheney and Joe Biden

… Paul Ryan? A recent CNN poll indicated that more than half the country doesn’t know enough about him to form an … the job before accepting Mitt Romney’s invitation.   Adams was not alone in his views of the vice presidency. Many of … keeper Martin J. Dooley, perhaps captured the office best when he said that the vice presidency was “not a crime …
 This is the logo of the Heaven's Gate cult.

Gullible Americans?

… Explanations of the Heaven’s Gate suicides now blame everything from comets … among us, as commentator David Gelernter put it. Perhaps when we have finished scapegoating we might look more … gullibility in the novel “The Confidence-Man” (1857). It was the story of a Mississippi riverboat crook who left …
The West Virginia State Penitentiary electric chair, also known as "Old Sparky."

The Truth About Capital Punishment: It’s Inherently Cruel

… On June 12, the Supreme Court ruled that Clarence E. Hill, a Florida … right to challenge the lethal injection procedure the state was planning to use on him. The Court's decision was … for the victim and a crisis of conscience for society when the government kills a human being. By trying to invent …
Actors in the Berezil troupe, 1922.

Ukrainian Theater on the Soviet Stage

… On a summer day in August 1920, in the middle of war , a group of Ukrainians performed Macbeth . They had been in Kyiv, but the city was destroyed, dangerous, and barely supported life, let … most books on Soviet culture focus only on Moscow (or Leningrad), assuming that everything else is secondary. It …
US Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., signing the UN Charter on 26 June 1945. President Truman stands by at left (UN Photo/Yould).

The Signing of the United Nations Charter

… A 1945 poster quoting the opening line of the preamble of the United Nations … a new set of international institutions. U.S. participation was vital to this project because no international … to fill the position it ignored a generation earlier when politicians had rejected participation in the League of …

Treaties and Sovereign Performances, from Westphalia to Standing Rock

… Since April 2016, members of the Great Sioux Nation have been protesting, through … line) and the original pipeline route (dashed line) that was changed due to concerns over drinking water in Bismarck. … U.S. Supreme Court affirmed this position as early as 1832, when in Worcester vs. Georgia it grounded the Cherokees’ …
An official portrait of Vice President Dick Cheney taken in 2005

Cheney: Silent Partner to the President

… about it. He is front and center in Ron Suskind’s book, “The Price of Loyalty,” an insider account of the Bush … has become an extension of the presidency itself. Adams was not alone in his views of the vice presidency. Many of … keeper Martin J. Dooley, perhaps captured the office best when he said that the vice presidency was “not a crime …
Jean-Marie Le Pen in 2006.

Far Right’s Electoral Success in France has Deep History

… On Sunday [May 5], France goes to the polls for one of the most critical elections in decades. … right’s agenda became state policy in the late 1930s when the conservative republican government decreed the … power in 1940 following France’s defeat by the Germans, it was not led by fringe political figures, but by men who …
The Postcolonial State in Africa: Fifty Years of Independence, 1960-2010, by Crawford Young Book Cover.

Fifty Years and Counting

Review of The Postcolonial State in Africa: Fifty Years of Independence, 1960-2010, by Crawford Young (Chicago: University of Wisconsin Press, 2012)
… and fair political elections after colonization squashed by the ascension of dictators and the onset of one-party rule … and attempts to nationalize major industries along socialist lines. The eminent political scientist argues here … portions of The Postcolonial State in Africa arrives when Young grapples with the question of why African states, …
A tank destroyed during Operation Iraqi Freedom

Why We Should Leave Iraq Now

… We face a paradox in Iraq: the longer we stay, the stronger our enemies become. We … the Iraqis we came to save. A corrupt Iraqi government wastes the billions we have allocated for rebuilding, while … believed Iraqis would greet the British as liberators. But when he tried to build a unified Iraq, experts warned …
PPI Drug Testing by Cambodia, PPI Network, CC BY 2.0, Flickr

Pro Sports Can Run, But They Can’t Hide

The chair of the House Government Reform Committee, Tom … represents a moral McCarthyism that seems to be sweeping Washington. One polling firm, the Rasmussen Reports, found … players. Stengel frustrated and amused hearing participants when he used his famous double talk to baffle legislators. …
the cover of a Captain America comic book

Captain America: Changing Conscience of a Nation

… In March 1941, the United States remained neutral while World War II raged in Europe and Asia , but the country was inching toward war. Newspapers announced policies to … defeat the Nazis, only to become the program’s sole success when German agents murdered the scientist leading the
An engraving of Earl Cornwallis's surrender to George Washington during the American Revolution.

Hollywood’s American Revolution

… a stunned General Charles Cornwallis announces toward the end of "The Patriot," the Revolutionary War epic … to play an English folk tune "The World Turned Upside Down" when he surrendered to Washington at Yorktown in 1781. Like the United States in …
KKK Rally

From Dixie to the Third Reich

Review of Hitler’s American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law, by James Q. Whitman (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017)
… Few would argue that when the United States joined the fight against Nazi Germany it … of many countries with racist legislation, and that there was, therefore, no direct connection between the Nazi laws …
Three Young White Men and a Black Woman (1632) by Christiaen van Couwenbergh.

A Question of Power, Not Sex

… Four young men have accused the leader of one of the largest churches in the country of … the sexual assault of a black man does become news. In 1997 when Abner Louima, a Haitian immigrant living in Brooklyn, was sodomized with a broken broom handle by police officers, …
The 3rd Tipperary Brigade of the Old IRA, pictured during the early 1920s.

100 Years of Irish Independence and Division

… December 6, 1922, Ireland’s struggle for independence from the United Kingdom reached a turning point. With the … in Ireland since the late 1100s, this political division was the consequence of a cultural differentiation that began … against England, which had only just been suppressed when King James I ascended the throne in 1603.  James then …