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George Washington Bridge Flag Retirement Ceremony

Who’s Desecrating the Flag, Anyhow?

… Now that the Senate has failed once again to muster a two-thirds vote … in the first place? It used to be that burning the flag was the approved way to dispose of a worn-out flag, and that … but not athletic teams. The rules detailed how and when and where to display the flag, how and when to salute …
 Cover of The Gold Standard at the Turn of the Twentieth Century Rising Powers, Global Money, and the Age of Empire by Steven Bryan.

All that Glitters Is Not Laissez-Faire

Review of The Gold Standard at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: Rising Powers, Global Money, and the Age of Empire, by Steven Bryan (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010)
… Sometimes the coincidences of history are uncanny.  On Sunday, … "free market" origins. Of course in the fall of 2008 it was the world's governments , the supposedly "shrinking … global military and economic competition.  Until 1873, when a newly united Germany adopted the gold standard, most …
Group of women protesting against the ERA with signs: "Stop the web of deception," "ERA means Amy register for the draft at 18," "Maternity ward - persons only"

Mom and Apple Pie (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 6)

… During the 1970s, a counter-movement arose that challenged the feminists push for the Equal Rights Amendment. Today, we turn to Phyllis … becoming the newest tenant of the US Constitution. But it was during the early 1970s that a counter movement … who supported his wife's political activities. In 1952, when Fred Schlafly declined to the Republican party's …
The new Terrorism Confinement Center in El Salvador, which opened in February 2023, was built to detain thousands suspected gang members.

Marching Back to the Past: Militarism in El Salvador

… In early December 2022, the Salvadoran government approved its ninth extension of … century in El Salvador as the pinnacle of militarization, when the military focused more on controlling its citizens … of Memory , virtually every male over the age of twelve was killed. After two weeks, the military had …
Zbigniew Brzezinski at Camp David in 1978.

Meddlers Hamstring Iraq Policy

… Until recently, the Bush cabinet has been in disarray in its policy toward Iraq. Adding to the confusion was antiwar advice given by self-appointed experts from past … war is necessary, State pushes for multilateral diplomacy. When retired officials elbow their way into such a conflict, …
lab tech with vaccine

Vaccines and Responsible Parenthood

Review of Vaccine Nation: America’s Changing Relationship with Immunization, by Elena Conis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014)
…   Elena Conis’ Vaccine Nation examines the changing perceptions of vaccines in the United States . … security : improving the health of American children was critical at a time when a fifth of applicants to the U.S. military were being …
We Are Our Mountains (Tatik u Papik) Monument, Stepanakert.

A Postcard from Nagorno-Karabakh

… During the Soviet era, the Nagorno-Karabakh region was part of the Azerbaijan republic but had a majority … Bolshevik revolutionary Stepan Shahumyan, an ally of Lenin. Stepan Shahumyan, the Armenian Bolshevik … princes became engulfed in infighting.  The fatal blow came when one Armenian prince invited Panah-Ali Khan Javanshir of …
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at the Civil Rights March on Washington in 1963.

Spring Marches on Washington

… future generations will look to this spring's Marches on Washington for clues to understanding us. In the first, on April 16, labor unions and … to Washington, D.C. He and some followers were arrested when they presented their petition for relief at the … Spring Marches on Washington …
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at a press conference in Holland in 1964.

Asking Martin Luther King…

When I’m out on the lecture circuit talking about Martin Luther King, one of … who led us into it now admit what a terrible blunder it was. They admit that King’s protest against the war was … in Christianity.” That is what we have to learn to do when we ask the question: “What would Dr. King say about…?” …
Cambodia's Prime Minister Hun Sen in 2012.

War Crimes: The “New Era” Looks Like the Old

… Now that the trial of former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic … of the trial, prosecutor Carla del Ponte insisted that his was not a political trial. Milosevic countered with a … more a claim than reality. The alleged new era began when courts in The Hague, Spain, Belgium and the United …
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife before their assassinations in Sarajevo.

The Enduring Lesson of Sarajevo

… “No more Munichs,” President Bush warned at the November ceremony in Lithuania marking the latest round … into a conflagration engulfing the entire continent. When Austria moved to attack Serbia, Russia mobilized … it harder to extricate their countries from the conflict when their initial strategies went awry. The ruinous …
Meiji Constitution promulgation by Toyohara Chikanobu, 1889.

Japan’s Meiji Restoration

… or Meiji Ishin, occurred on January 3, 1868, and marked the return of the Japanese emperor to a position of power … time in more than 500 years.  The Restoration happened when a coalition of powerful pro-reform forces led a palace … of the Tokugawa and handover to the new Meiji regime was swift and largely peaceful, resulting in the
Russian peasants in the early 20th century.

Vladimir Putin: Not the Jefferson of Russia

When Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated as America's third president in 1801, he noted that the American experiment in democracy had passed a crucial … of Stravinsky. Stolypin's policies led Vladimir Lenin to conclude that his generation might not even see the

Building a New Silk Road? Central Asia in the New World Order

… Central Asia may be the most important part of the world we know the least … of Russian imperialism, like in other European colonies, was the exploitation of natural resources. Raw materials … of ecological disasters. The Soviet Legacy in Central Asia When the Central Asian states were thrust into independence …
Paul Ryan, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives

Ryan’s Hope: A Vice Presidency in the Tradition of Dick Cheney and Joe Biden

… Paul Ryan? A recent CNN poll indicated that more than half the country doesn’t know enough about him to form an … the job before accepting Mitt Romney’s invitation.   Adams was not alone in his views of the vice presidency. Many of … keeper Martin J. Dooley, perhaps captured the office best when he said that the vice presidency was “not a crime …
Actors in the Berezil troupe, 1922.

Ukrainian Theater on the Soviet Stage

… On a summer day in August 1920, in the middle of war , a group of Ukrainians performed Macbeth . They had been in Kyiv, but the city was destroyed, dangerous, and barely supported life, let … most books on Soviet culture focus only on Moscow (or Leningrad), assuming that everything else is secondary. It …
US Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., signing the UN Charter on 26 June 1945. President Truman stands by at left (UN Photo/Yould).

The Signing of the United Nations Charter

… A 1945 poster quoting the opening line of the preamble of the United Nations … a new set of international institutions. U.S. participation was vital to this project because no international … to fill the position it ignored a generation earlier when politicians had rejected participation in the League of …