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map of Yugoslavia

What Victory in Yugoslavia May Mean for Future Wars

… to support their own operations, but Army Air Force commanders tried instead to amass all the planes they could … The Air Force success there will certainly be taken that way by the advocates of airpower. And the Air Force will … its achievement to gain a bigger share of the military budget. What this will mean in the future is that what we have …
Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire, by Judith Herrin Book Cover

Byzantium for Dummies

Review of Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire, by Judith Herrin (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2008)
… to Byzantium , Herrin relates a story of two builders coming to her office after passing it daily to ask her what … with political and religious influence closely tied together, a huge court and bureaucracy lorded over by a … each short chapter. This division also helps in another way; namely that by dividing up the book into small cohesive …
Portrait of Aung San Suu Kyi.

Burma’s Hope Imprisoned

… citizen in a Third World country would not ordinarily get much attention elsewhere. But when Burma’s Aung San Suu … in southeast Asia, fully hopeful of joining the world community of free and independent nations. Burma is little … regime attacked the convoy of Suu Kyi as she was on her way to rally her followers. They killed some of her …
Cover of Pay for Play A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform by Ronald A. Smith.

Wagging the Dog

Review of Pay For Play: A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform, by Ronald A. Smith (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2011. xii + 344 pp.)
… interlopers on the American university campus.  They have always been standard equipment, and their critics have never … and Freedom: The Rise of Big-Time College Athletics, and revisits briefly here, intercollegiate athletics were … it has been driven by forces outside the academy altogether.  Title IX of the Educational Act of 1972, which …
Last Supper By Simon Ushakov, 1685

Reverence and Relics: The Holy Dead in the Pre-Modern Christian World

Review of Why Can the Dead Do Such Great Things? Saints and Worshippers from the Martyrs to the Reformation, by Robert Bartlett (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013)
… or are they polytheistic distractions that turn Christians away from the divine? The function of the holy dead remains … the cult of the saints and provided new models in the form of the holy abbot. Bartlett next moves into a … were an obvious denominational marker. “Part Two: Dynamics” comprises the bulk of the book. In chapters five through …
United States soldier distributes food aid to a Afghanistan province

Food for Peace Must Remain an American Priority

… such as Germany. Former President Hoover noted, "It may come as a great shock to American taxpayers" to give aid to … they had just been in a death struggle. But America led the way, saving millions of lives. The United States then … the rising cost of wheat is forcing Afghans to struggle to get basics such as bread. The World Food Programme has put …

Pirates of Puntland, Somalia

… kind in which such a big vessel has been hijacked so far away from the coast. It shows that the pirates now have the … to sustain themselves in deep sea until the vessel actually comes by." Under the pirates' command, the Sirius Star … as an Arab trader, Burton and his caravan succeeded in getting to Harar and back. But in April of 1855, as they …
The First Crusade: The Call from the East, by Peter Frankopan Book Cover.

Restoring the Origins of the First Crusade: A Medieval Chronicle Written in the Twenty-First Century

Review of The First Crusade: The Call from the East, by Peter Frankopan (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012)
… in the souls of westerners, and how Alexios and Urban together coordinated the entire military enterprise of the … out a call throughout western Christendom for soldiers to come to Alexios' aid by appealing to the western desire to … things may have happened - and why events did unfold that way is often a matter of Frankopan suggesting reasons that …
Actors in the Berezil troupe, 1922.

Ukrainian Theater on the Soviet Stage

… 1920, in the middle of war , a group of Ukrainians performed Macbeth . They had been in Kyiv, but the city was … Hello from Radio 477! . Hello from Radio 477! shows the way Europe shaped Soviet Ukraine. The production was … cavorted with dancing girls. Finally, the figure of comic writer Ostap Vyshnia was depicted hunting a line of …
The Nature of Childhood: An Environmental History of Growing Up in America since 1865 Book Cover

Play, Paranoia, and American Childhood in the Great Outdoors

Review of The Nature of Childhood: An Environmental History of Growing Up in America since 1865, by Pamela Riney-Kehrberg (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2014)
… focus has, for the most part, moved indoors, and away from the naturally occurring and constructed landscapes … Places, backyards, and basements filled with televisions, computers, and Playstations. Riney-Kehrberg describes how … between the lure of the indoors and adult desires to get children outdoors” in the mid-twentieth century (8). …
Portrait of James Madison.

The Hidden Consequences of Campaign Finance Reform

… discussion of issues over party politics but make political compromise even more difficult than it is today. In 1787, … the Constitution’s greatest architect, was campaigning to get the Constitution ratified as the law of the land, he … ethnic and ideological diversity, the parties have nearly always been among the few truly national American …
U.S. Department of Homeland Security seal.

Sharing the Burdens of War

… $350 — big money back then. The wealthy could buy their way out of service while others marched off to risk death, a … those farther down the economic ladder. Lincoln managed to get reelected, but a century later similar Vietnam War … draft exemption for college students. At the time, family income was the largest single determinant of who attended …

Taiwan's 2008 Elections: A New Direction for the 'Other China'?

… the DPP for decades. The presidential election, held as always on a Saturday to encourage widespread voter … is not quite as large as Massachusetts and Rhode Island combined. It is also the second-most densely populated … Taiwan (where Ma grew up and went to college), Ma has never visited the Chinese mainland. After graduating at the top of …
Joseph Ambrose, an 86-year-old World War I veteran, attends the dedication day parade for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in 1982. Wearing a doughboy uniform like the ones used during the war, he is holding an American flag. It covered the casket of his son Clement, who was killed in the Korean War.

Tributes of Silence, the Honor of Words

… This years Veterans Day comes in the wake of fierce political campaigning over which … he noted, in a spectacularly ironic line of his celebrated Gettysburg Address. Lincoln then made a nod to the cemetery … veterans’ reminiscences. Military men and women have always been eager to record their experiences while in the …
Glacial melt from Myrdalsjökull glacier in the south (jökull means glacier in Icelandic). Note the alluvial cones formed by volcanic ash and sediment.

A Postcard from Reykjavik: Iceland’s Volcanic History

… been interwoven with human history. Although the data are incomplete, over 170 volcanic eruptions have been recorded in … seen from the Ring Road; Iceland's Ring Road, Highway 1, was completed in 1974 and circles the island in an … of almost 10% per year since 2000. The number of annual visitors doubled between 2000 and 2010, when half a million …
Marshall "Major" Taylor was a professional African American cyclist

(Bicycle) Wheels of Change

Review of The Cycling City: Bicycles and Urban America in the 1890s, by Evan Friss (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015)
… wheels or without the assistance of a parent is unforgettable. When I was six years old, I distinctly remember … cycling clubs were one type of group where cyclists could come together, but they were not merely for elites only. … across the United States - the cycle came and changed the way Americans thought about roads, about transportation, and …
Obama wore Isabel Toledo clothes made of St. Gallen Embroidery to the 2009 presidential inauguration.

Is Michelle Obama the Ultimate Insider?

… public image has become — with fashion magazine covers, visits to schools and tours of vegetable gardens — few people doubt her intelligence and … so strong a position to speak truth to power. But there’s always the potential for abuse, for a president’s spouse to be …

Killing the Arctic

… We have always been killing the Arctic . By “we” I mean non-native … animals were used for food—auks and puffins proved easy targets, as did the eggs of dozens of bird species—and in the … via the northern coasts of Scandinavia and Russia—paid a visit to the Greenland ice cap. During this journey, he …