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The colorful buildings of Tirana, viewed from the steps of the National Museum.

A Postcard from Tirana: Overcoming the Past

… dotted with reminders of this past, but the residents welcome visitors with true Albanian hospitality and intend to … (Photo by Aleksej Demjanski) A view of Tirana from Mt. Dajti. Although the Tirana Valley has been continuously … dot the countryside today. After a 40-year rule, Hoxha died in 1985. With the revolutions of 1989 and the collapse …
 Monte Albán

Una Postal de Oaxaca, México

…   Escrito Por Eric Michael Rhodes Traducido Por Gisel Valladares Situada en lo alto de una gran colina a una altura de … impresionante, la ciudad de Oaxaca ofrece vistas de la compleja historia de México. En 1521, Hernán Cortés mando a … Guerra Mundial, no habían muchas carreteras modernas que dieran servicio a los confines del sur del país. Asta hoy en …
President George W. Bush in 2004.

When the Axis Was Truly Evil

… and Israel, both U.S. allies currently involved in very dangerous regional conflicts. At the moment, the possible … peace than Bush’s “axis of evil.” The president’s comments have led to denunciations from the three nations he … the president is issuing a legitimate warning to the world community or defining global enemies unilaterally and …
Marines from 1st Battalion 7th Marines enter a palace during the Battle of Baghdad.

Iraq War a Major Departure in American Foreign Affairs

… in Iraq resulted in a short, blitzkrieg victory over Saddam Husseins conventional military forces, but a slow and … the Soviet Union, the United States was not a preemptive combatant. It was Joseph Stalins Soviet Union that blockaded … and invaded Iraq, and this at a time when Osama bin Laden remained at large. The people of Iraq benefited …
wind turbines

Energy Policy: How is the “Long Transition” from Fossil Fuels Doing?

… to provide all of the electricity used in the state of Idaho. I also predicted that, “For the foreseeable future, … over the last four years.  The reasons for that are many, complex, and subject to change in the near and far future.  … Let’s remove one false idea right now:  Public subsidies support both carbon-based and alternative energy …
General George S. Patton waving to crowds in Los Angeles, California in 1945.

Pragmatic de-Baathification is Key to Rebuilding Iraq

… this policy on grounds of administrative convenience or expediency.” (This situation replicated itself in the communist states of eastern Europe; Vaclav Klaus, the first … Party. A blanket de-Baathification order may win political points in the United States, but it will impede the stable — …
Thomas Jefferson

The Road to a New American Aristocracy

… from the rest of us. Estate taxes protect us from the dangers of aristocracy. Why worry about aristocracy in an … that the blood in their veins distinguished them from the common herd. Despite the rhetoric about property rights that … this was a radical proposal. In the 18th century when a man died his estate often passed complete to his eldest son. …
Pedro Albizu Campos, noted anti-imperialist, addressing a crowd in 1936

Reframing the American Empire

Review of How to Hide an Empire: A History of the Greater United States, by Daniel Immerwahr (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2019)
… of overseas bases. These bases, in turn, became focal points from which American culture spread abroad. … to shape the present. This book is intended for a popular audience, but it has extensive archival work behind it. The … both in and outside of the United States. To write this comprehensive history, the author travelled to Alaska, …
San Francisco frae the Marin Heidlands, with the Gowden Gate Brig in the foregroond.

The Real West Is an Urban West

… last frontier. So, we might think, here’s a national candidate who represents the “real” American West, not its … sprawling suburbs on the Colorado plains, and multi-ethnic communities in Los Angeles, perhaps ending up with a latte … Professor in the Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban studies & Planning at Portland State University, Ore., and a …

Pirates of Puntland, Somalia

… Americans had heard of Somali pirates, their activity and audacity has been growing for some years. By 2008--after … to sustain themselves in deep sea until the vessel actually comes by." Under the pirates' command, the Sirius Star … ordeal, the exception being the captain of the Faina , who died of a stroke soon after his capture. Ancient Traditions, …
Chinese women putting up posters on a wall

Modern China and Its Institutions

Review of Making China Modern: From the Great Qing to Xi Jinping, by Klaus Mühlhahn (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019)
… (1644-1912) to the present day. The book attempts to accomplish two tasks. First, it provides a general history of … the external influences that threatened his rule. Mühlhahn points to the Sino-Soviet Split as a crucial moment: it … wants to rewrite the general history of China for a broad audience, while emphasizing institutions’ role in regime …
Cover of The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall by Mary Elise Sarotte.

…And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: A History of Contingency and Happenstance

Review of The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall, by Mary Elise Sarotte New York: Basic Books, 2014.
… irrevocably porous. But the events of November 9 did not come from nowhere. The fall of the Berlin Wall—as detailed … she instead writes the history of serendipity whose outcome was far from predetermined, even if it seems so in … widened. Hungarian borders opened to East Germans and a tidal wave of nearly 600,000 people escaped the GDR. By early …
Antichristus, a woodcut by Lucas Cranach the Elder: the pope depicted as the Antichrist, using his temporal power to grant authority to a generously contributing ruler.

The Bible as a Political Tool

… The 5,280-pound monument of the Ten Commandments installed by the Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice Roy Moore may have been removed from the rotunda of the Montgomery, Ala., judicial building by federal … leading the Israelites to freedom.   Franklin, who had studied Hebrew, suggested that the inscription on the seal be …
Protestors against the U.S. Trump administration voice their commitment to the world's dispossessed.

The Politics of Refugee Aid in America’s “Short Century”

Review of Benevolent Empire: U.S. Power, Humanitarianism, and the World's Dispossessed , by Stephen R. Porter Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017.
… U.S. Power, Humanitarianism, and the World’s Dispossessed comes at a time that many observers of U.S. domestic … Although the United States consistently justified its ascendance as a global hegemonic power through far reaching … years. As the situation in Nazi Germany grew more disturbing, especially with the 1935 Nuremburg laws that stripped …
Taxation without Representation, Suffrage Collection.

Death, Taxes, and the American Founders

… the need for savings versus the need for resources for the common good.  For many of today's issues — such as Internet neutrality or nuclear … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …

The Catholic Church and Sexual Abuse, Then and Now

… from the priesthood in February 2019.  All of these tragedies are tinged with a sense of déjà vu. Similar patterns of … cases in the mid-1990s. The case of disgraced priest Brendan Smyth even contributed to the fall of the Irish … changing sexual mores since the 1960s. Occasionally, commentators have referred to an insular institutional …
Herbert Hoover

We Could Use a Man like Herbert Hoover Again

… Hurricane Katrina has underscored the importance of unified command and control in response to national disasters. … as a master of emergencies, and that’s what we need today. There’s no question that Hoover’s leadership made a big … Hoover’s success was a direct result of the right combination of skills and temperament that made him the perfect …
The United Nations Office at Geneva (Switzerland) is the second biggest UN centre, after the United Nations Headquarters (New York City).

The U.N. may be dysfunctional, but it’s the kind of dysfunction that its founders intended

… would serve merely as an explicit reminder of the U.N.'s incompetence.   An examination of the situation with an eye to … too quickly and therefore resulted in too many shortsighted compromises.   The order to follow the Second World War … minor powers attempted to manipulate it for domestic gain. Adam Chapnick is the deputy director of education at the …

History, Memory, and the Art of Protest in Belarus

… Tikhanovskaya, 2020 (left) . A banner in Minsk stating the date of the 2020 presidential election  (middle) . Alexander … Sweden, larger than the three Baltic republics (PDF File) combined, and larger than Austria. It would be the 11 th … way of comparison, approximately 1.3 million Americans have died in all wars since 1776). Belarus, the historian Timothy …