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From Harlem to Ferguson: LBJ's War on Crime and America's Prison Crisis

… lives or the devastation it has brought on families and communities across the nation. The historical origins of … a black student. At the same moment, three thousand miles away in San Francisco, aides to Senator Barry Goldwater of … said one veteran detective, “but more Americans may get killed in Harlem this summer than in Vietnam.” On July …
A woman on the outskirts of Kyiv carrying a bucket of apricots

Eating at You: Food and Chernobyl

… cooking and preserving fresh, local, organic food. Food—getting it, husbanding it, putting it up—formed a major … of independence. And, for many, knowing where your food comes from, intimately, down to the moisture of the soil, … and “dirty” food. (In this period, Soviet officials always wrote the word “clean” in quotation marks.) Permissible …
Portrait of Benjamin Franklin by Joseph-Siffred Duplessis.

Apologizing for Slavery

… raised the question of whether the United States should formally apologize for slavery he stirred a debate that has raged ever since. Apologizing for slavery has become such a controversial issue not only because few … to humankind and must never be forgotten. We should always reexamine the past and those institutions that shaped …
The Dream of Worldwide Democratic and Social Republics – The Pact Between Nations, a print prepared by Frédéric Sorrieu, 1848.

Nationalism in Decline

… Conspicuously first among equals, it is going to have to get used to the idea that national sovereignty belongs to … concerns. Whether subduing Iraq and Afghanistan, combating sex trafficking, restricting nuclear weaponry or … for Chile’s former dictator Augusto Pinochet, who was visiting London for medical attention. Now a foreign …
Immigrant laborers, part of the Bracero program

Immigrant Deportations Today and the Continuing Legacy of "Operation Wetback"

… over 1 million people, most of them men. Just two years before Operation Wetback, the Border Patrol had deported half … 1942 ). The program intentionally recruited only men as a way to safeguard against their permanent settlement in the … less interest in actual immigrants who might settle and become part of the citizenry. The program thus conditioned …
Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature, by Kathleen Drowne Book Cover

Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature

Review of Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature, by Kathleen Drowne (Columbus: Ohio State University, 2005)
… to loosen his creativity and imagination. As we have come to know Fitzgerald the person, the chances are good … The Great Gatsby , the nuances of the plot are tied together with national prohibition and the ways in which individuals sought to escape the legal …
President Nixon looking at a CIA map in 1970.

Why an Intelligence Inquiry Is Needed

… 11 attacks, Congress is now moving to create a bipartisan commission to investigate intelligence gathering policies and the ways intelligence is used by government. We should hope that … showed that there was a political price to pay for getting caught defying the Church committee recommendations. …
Sir Winston Churchill in 1945.

Churchill on Iraq: “Living on an Ungrateful Volcano”

… volcano out of which we are in no circumstances to get anything worth having.” On Sept. 1, 1922, Great … the Arab officials of Iraq’s British-backed King Feisal “incompetent.” He noted the gross over-expenditure of monies in … resources. Ironically, Bush declared in 2004 that “I’ve always been a great admirer of Sir Winston Churchill, admirer …

The West without Water: What Can Past Droughts Tell Us About Tomorrow?

… The state of California is beginning its fourth year of a serious drought, … ridge of high pressure. A relatively wet December has given way to the driest January on record, and currently over 90 … are also experiencing moderate to severe drought, and this comes on the heels of a very dry decade. This long drought …
Martin Luther King Jr. Day March at Southern Arkansas University.

Martin Luther King Jr. Day: A Holiday the Nation Resisted

… Jr. Day reveals how determined the nation was—and in many ways still is—to avoid reckoning with what King actually … and sustained public pressure forced Congress to revisit an issue it avoided for more than a decade. By 1983, … embraced deficit financing, showing little interest in budgetary restraint. What he feared instead was alienating the …
An image of Kuwait’s oil fields after they were set ablaze by retreating Iraqi soldiers during the First Gulf War

Oil Empires and Petro-Anarchies

Review of Empires and Anarchies: A History of Oil in the Middle East, by Michael Quentin Morton (London: Reaktion Books, 2017)
Moskvitch 3 vehicles roll off the assembly line at JSC Moscow Automobile Plant Moskvitch, 2022.

Sanctions on Russia: Impact and Efficacy

… damaging sanctions against the Russian state, its companies, and its citizens. The sanctions were intended to … and inflict such a high economic cost that it could not afford to continue the war.  As the war grinds on, Russia’s … site located in an unsettled location on the steppe, miles away from existing roads and rail lines, in just a few …
An orientalist nineteenth century Russian view of Samarkand in the time of Timur.

A Castilian in Samarkand, 1404

… here to Hajji Muhammad al-Qazi, a Chagatai courtier who had visited the court of Castile in Toledo several years … the traditional sense, but a pan-tribal confederacy held together by military force. Timur’s tactics were highly … of planning and complex organization. Yet in fundamental ways they were pre-modern: like Genghis Khan, Timur and his …
Photo of William Colby

Casting the Long Shadow of the CIA

Review of Shadow Warrior: William Egan Colby and the CIA, by Randall B. Woods (New York: Basic Books, 2013)
… William Colby has become a more or less forgotten figure in the turbulent … cleared France, Colby was part of a similar mission to Norway. After the war, Colby worked first as a lawyer in “Wild” … hostile to the CIA, demanding deep cuts in the agency’s budget and forcing the ouster of two directors. Colby, as …

The Human Use of Human Beings: A Brief History of Suicide Bombing

… 9/11, reveals a great deal about the phenomenon we have come to know as suicide bombing. First, a radical left-wing … cruise missiles. To direct these missiles to their targets, the hijackers installed their own control … suicide bombers in increasingly innovative and destructive ways. The global number of suicide bombings peaked in 2007, …
Taylor Swift at the 2014 Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

2/12/2015: Top Ten Origins: Oscar Dresses and Women’s Fashion

… Each year the Oscars provide an excuse for an outdoor runway show featuring the world’s favorite actors doing the … of widespread fashion magazines, which allowed styles to be communicated quickly to the masses. For example, Godey’s … spandex would not arrive until the 1960s, so in order to get fabric to cling to the body, designers draped it on the …
A card celebrating March 8 as International Women’s Day.

International Women's Day

… 1908. Organized by the U.S. Socialist Party, it brought together an audience of 1,500 women who demanded economic and … break with socialist tradition. Though ideologically committed to human equality, socialists had long argued that … would only materialize under socialism, and the only way for working-class women to improve their lot in life was …
Campaign poster attacking Cleveland's morals.

Morality and Presidential Elections

… a few cases. Jimmy Carter's victory in the 1976 election, for example, can be partly attributed to his emphasis on … would not be sympathetic to their version of the American way of life. The fact that Smith seemed "soft" on … seem to affect his performance as president, and so he gets high approval ratings even while being impeached by …
Cover of Fears of a Setting Sun: The Disillusionment of America's Founders by Dennis C. Rasmussen

Such a Disappointment

Review of Fears of a Setting Sun: The Disillusionment of America’s Founders, by Dennis C. Rasmussen (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2021)
… Americans have always been haunted by the idea that the country is in … by the idea that the present seems pretty terrible in comparison with the past, even if that past is mythic or not … bitter rival Thomas Jefferson became president. An unapologetic proponent of a muscular Federal government, Hamilton …
Cover of Motherland in Danger: Soviet Propaganda during World War II by Karel C. Berkhoff

Long Live the Soviet Motherland?

Review of Motherland in Danger: Soviet Propaganda during World War II, by Karel C. Berkhoff (Harvard University Press, 2012)
… memorabilia, including weapons, bullets, mines, uniforms, helmets and posters, but also photographs, letters, … forces highlighting Jewish suffering would have meant combatting anti-Semitism among their own population. … that they were not entirely true. One of the important ways in which Berkhoff explores the Soviet war era is in …