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Grover Cleveland-Benjamin Harrison presidential (1888) campaign poster about the trade policy of the two candidates

Reform: The Long-Term Winner in Close Elections

… this year's distant third-place finisher, will have the most impact on the near future of American politics. It's … or the opening of world markets to facilitate competition across national boundaries. Record campaign … parties had made government unresponsive to popular will aimed to shake up the status quo. By inaugurating a president …
The detonation of the Castle Bravo thermonuclear bomb

Top Ten Origins: Civil Defense, Nuclear War, and Duct Tape

… administration and the North Korean regime and an errant incoming missile alert in Hawaii have focused America’s … means to protect civilians from the effects of attack. Almost 75 years after the first use of an atomic weapon, … Now anyone on earth, even thousands of miles from the site of a blast, could be killed or injured by nuclear …
The United States Army Drill Team.

Should the Military Take Charge in Emergencies?

… of the military later found expression in the Posse Comitatus law of 1878, still in force. Archaic as the title … Abu Ghraib and elsewhere, the military remained in 2005 the most respected institution in the United States. Not so two … that same army. Offense became outrage in 1876 when it seemed that Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won the presidency …
Melissa Drexler on trial

Infanticide: Something New Under the Sun?

… What would cause an apparently normal young woman to commit such a brutal act? Some commentators believe they … According to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports for 1994, the most recent year for which statistics are available, the … and moral changes of the last three decades cannot be blamed for Drexler’s actions. The explanation for why Melissa …
Cover of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750 by Odd Arne Westad.

Putting the Middle Kingdom in the Middle

Review of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750, by Odd Arne Westad (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
… interest in China's future place in the international community has grown. Odd Arne Westad explores China's … heritage that shape the views and expectations of most Chinese regarding their country's role in global … life, including commercial goods, dress, education, and medicine came under Western influence, Chinese living in the …
Protesters against the an anti-gay marriage amendment on the 2012 election ballot.

The Gay-Marriage Amendment: A Danger to the Constitution

… likely have to endure the result regardless of how much we come to regret it. The nation’s constitutional history is … the seemingly simple 12th Amendment adopted in 1804 to remedy flaws in the presidential election system. It … from a position held by the leader of the country’s second most powerful political party to one occupied by a secondary …
Valerie Plame in 2008.

A Dirty–and Deadly–Trick

… Office shenanigans. Presidents and their underlings have committed numerous immoral, illegal or dodgy acts. They’ve … illegal breach of national security. The least damaging but most sensational presidential scandals have been about — … Unlike members of the Bush administration, Johnson harmed no one except himself. The two scandals that come …
Cover of 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War by Benny Morris.

The Battle For 1948

Review of 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War, by Benny Morris (Yale University Press, 2008)
… this new generation of Israeli scholars. This controversy – combined with his scholarship, popular writings, and political protest – soon transformed Morris into one of Israel's most prominent public intellectuals. Morris's latest book, …
Wartime poster. Canada. The Bureau of Public Information was created in September 1939 to disseminate information about Canada’s war policies.

Can the New Administration Keep Canada as an Ally in Afghanistan?

… put Canada at the top of his list. Thus far, however, the incoming administration’s message to Canadians has been … Britain, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, he claimed, Ottawa could maximize its international influence. … political crisis. Left-leaning Canadian nationalists, most of whom lived in French-speaking Quebec and had no …
Mikhail Bakunin speaking to members of the International Workingmen's Association at the Basel Congress in 1869.

Back When a Socialist Was a Socialist

… Kennedy!”   When Republicans singled out Barack Obama’s income-tax proposal and labeled him a socialist during the … the Soviet Union, Stalin, the Cold War, atomic spies, and almost any other evil. In the 2008 presidential contest, the … the tax fell solely on those with higher incomes, not on most working Americans. It wasn’t until years later that …
Film poster for Pather Panchali (1955).

Top Ten Origins: From Bollywood to Indywood

… Multilingualism in India is as common as daylight. India recognizes 22 official languages … They will make you angry and happy, laugh and cry, and most certainly will not require viewers to leave their … a bullock-cart drive, marauding buffalo and a young woman named Gouri (Suhasini Mulay). In Gouri, Bhuvan Shome finds a …
Members of the Free Officers welcomed by crowds in Cairo in January 1953.

The Egyptian Middle Class Is Disgruntled. Again.

… made it impossible for them to get married. Many others complained of low pay and underemployment. While the … and the richest people — the Pashas — would pay the most. Then in 1952 a young military officer named Gamal Abd al-Nasser led a bloodless coup. He soon …
Cartoon from Puck: The Bosses of the Senate

Buying American Elections?

… national politics as much as many fear? The answer is more complicated than you might think. Check out a lesson plan … been, Teddy Roosevelt was criticizing patent medicine almost as much as he was politics. And one of the things I … Wiggins. Song and band information can be found on our website. You can find our podcasts and more at our website, …

1989 Twenty Years On: The End of Communism and the Fate of Eastern Europe

… congregated in streets and squares and demanded the end of communist rule. These are indelible images deeply impressed … and painful meaning to the phrase "ethnic cleansing"—but most recently in disputes between Slovakia and Hungary over … into the West, especially through Austria. When Gorbachev visited Berlin in the fall, he acted dismissively of the …
President George W. Bush meets with his cabinet after his re-election.

The Founders Never Imagined a Bush Administration

… George W. Bush and his most trusted advisers, Richard B. Cheney and Donald H. Rumsfeld, … insisted that there can be no limits to the power of the commander-in-chief in time of war. More recently the …
STS-116 mission specialists, NASA astronaut Robert Curbeam and ESA astronaut Christer Fuglesang perform extravehicular activity (EVA) during construction of the International Space Station.

Facing Opportunities and Obstacles in Space

… the over-budget Constellation program, have received the most congressional and media attention. What’s been neglected has been the core of … the development of new technologies to reduce the cost and complexity of operating in space.   These proposals, …
woman with futuristic facial wear

Afrofuturism: Constructing a Better Future

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
World History since 1500
… The term Afrofuturism was coined by Mark Dery in 1993, but encompasses a long history of African American and African … diaspora through technoculture and science fiction, encompassing a range of media and artists with a shared interest in envisioning …
Depiction of the Battle of Bosworth Field by the eighteenth-century painter, Philip James de Loutherbourg.

The Battle of Bosworth Field

… the battle occurred, although a recent study places the site of Richard’s death at  Fenn Lane Farm , about 2 miles … death.  It is easy to see Henry and Richard as polar opposites, especially when the literature after the battle …
American Flag with 15 stars

Best in History Online: The Washington Post's "Made By History"

… we like to take a moment to highlight fantastic history sites from around the web. These are websites that – much … fray," in order to provide historical context to today's most pressing issues, examine the roots of present debates, … the section is to show what historians do. The page aims to combat the tendency to use history as "a tool to advance …
Mary Mallon and other women sitting outside in chairs at a hospital. The women have blankets wrapped around them.

Who was Typhoid Mary?

In the early 1900s, Mary Mallon, a domestic cook, was unknowingly a healthy carrier of Typhoid fever.
… Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010. Hasian, M.A. Power, Medical Knowledge, and the Rhetorical Invention of “Typhoid Mary”.  Journal of Medical Humanities  21, 123–139 (2000).  … Oct 12. PMID: 37824810; PMCID: PMC10632844,  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37824810/ “Tuberculosis patient in …
The White House lit in green light for St. Patrick's Day.

9/11 and 3/17: Closer Than You Think

… as hundreds march to celebrate St. Patrick's Day, the most evident colors may very well be red, white and blue, … pluralist implication of the St. Patrick's Day parades becomes more apparent as we look at the events held in cities … this ideal, but it's important to recognize how far we have come.   So when this weekend's St. Patrick's Day parades pay …
Great Wall of China

History’s Great Walls, Good Neighbors or Bad Policy?

Walls have a decidedly mixed record in achieving their goals to keep some people in and others out.
… talk by some American politicians about Mexican immigrants coming to the United States, people around the world are … has it, neighborliness has not been the reason behind most of history’s major wall projects. Here is a look at some of the most famous of these insular architectural projects. Written …
Oneida Nation Friendship Statue from The National Museum of the American Indian

3/31/14: How Historians Can Help Native Americans

… Useful for a Change: Historians and Modern Tribal Communities" Wednesday, March 26 at The  Ohio State … this was the standard paradigm as late as the 1960s.  Most of American history is Native American history, he reminds us, and Native history has been among the most influential fields in the discipline for a generation. …