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A COVID-19 anti-lockdown protestor in Vancouver, Canada, May 2020

Going Viral: COVID Conspiracies in Historical Perspective

… As national governments and the global scientific community struggle to contain the spread of the coronavirus … of political and scientific elites and institutional bodies—among them Bill Gates, Anthony Fauci, CDC director … estimated 50-100 million lives worldwide. In October 1918 alone, Americans witnessed nearly 200,000 of their countrymen …
Mikhail Bakunin speaking to members of the International Workingmen's Association at the Basel Congress in 1869.

Back When a Socialist Was a Socialist

… between himself and John F. Kennedy. Quayle’s Democratic opponent, Lloyd Bentsen, who had served with Kennedy in the … Kennedy!”   When Republicans singled out Barack Obama’s income-tax proposal and labeled him a socialist during the recent presidential campaign, one astute commentator saw the fallacy in that charge. …

We Won’t Shut up and Dribble: A Short History of Black Athletic Protest

… hunted EVERYDAY/EVERYTIME we step foot outside the comfort of our homes! Can't even go for a damn jog man! Like … country searching for competition, bragging rights, and money. Without a league or association, this erratic schedule … Olympic Team, highlighted by sprinters Ralph Metcalfe and Eddie Tolan and broad jumper Eddie Gordon. Tolan and Metcalfe …
Cover of A History of Iran Empire of the Mind by Michael Axworthy.

Iran for Beginners

Review of A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind, by Michael Axworthy (New York. Basic Books. 2008)
… date back almost three millennia. A History of Iran, one of several recent books that aim to draw back the gloomy … Service officer and a lecturer in Arabic and Islamic Studies at the University of Exeter, covers an enormous span of … its weather, and the origin of the word "Persian," which comes from Fars province in southwestern Iran, home to …

All Politics is Local: Understanding Boko Haram

… 2014 “[We] need . . . to break down infidels, practitioners of democracy and constitutionalism, voodoo and those … The consensus among many academics, journalists, and commentators is that Boko Haram is an Islamist organization … the most powerful person in Borno. Muhammad al-Kanami died in 1838, and was succeeded by his sons. The last of …
Church and belltower at Usol’e.

A Postcard from the Ural Mountains

… to and from Siberia in 1734 and again in September 1742, commenting from Nev’iansk: “I had little interaction with … Economics. The Perm Museum of Contemporary Art logo. Kungur One of the unexpected gems of our voyage was the picturesque … century, when wealthy merchants built opulent wooden and stone houses along the inclines overlooking the Sylva river. …

The UN, the WHO, and the Future of U.S. Diplomacy

… through an American-friendly model. These multilateral bodies allowed Washington officials to portray self-interested … policies as altruistic during the ideological competition of the Cold War. But these institutions and … to live decently as free people.” The UN was envisioned as a forum on diplomacy, economics, and global norms. …
An insurance form with pills.

“Hands off My Medicare”: The Deadly Legacy of Social Insurance

… of self-help and small government. “The wage earner,” as one reformer argued, “has a more real basis for feeling that … as the old age pension program), became untouchable. Their commitments were sacred. Their recipients were unequivocally … The proposed patchwork of mandates, regulations, and subsidies do nothing to address the administrative waste, …

Sudan in Crisis

… opened on a conciliatory note, but then abruptly changed tone, declaring a one-year state of emergency and dissolving … coexisted with Egyptian schools, missionary schools, community schools, and Sudanese private schools. In the … Services (NISS), which was accountable to al-Bashir. Soldiers of the Sudan People’s Liberation …
President bush delivers remarks in 2008

President Bush at His — and Our — Crossroads

… obstinate president. Historians now regard him as one of our most ineffective leaders. In recent weeks … and highly partisan speeches about his political opponents and excited considerable resistance. Northerners … showed too much sympathy for southern interests. They complained that he would not compromise with diverse and …
President George W. Bush with Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley in 2006.

Is Iraq Vietnam?

… memorandum provides a very rare glimpse of what someone in the administration is actually thinking. He wants a … South Vietnam’s governments also had serious problems. The Diem regime (1954-63) wanted to defeat or at least contain the Viet Cong but could not rally non-Communist South Vietnamese behind it, prompting the United …
Copy of an 1890 lithograph depicting the Battle of New Orleans during the Revolutionary War.

A New Resource in the War Against Terrorism?

… easily traceable assets in favor of gold and precious gemstones. The terrorists hope to disperse their wealth to … holding a variety of assets — real estate, weapons, communications equipment and large amounts of cash and … need not be conducted by basement-dwelling devotees of Soldier of Fortune magazine. There are professional entities …
George Washington Bridge Flag Retirement Ceremony

Who’s Desecrating the Flag, Anyhow?

… advertising–presumably this would apply to businesses now competing the have the biggest flag in the neighborhood. One can't help suspecting that has more to do with profits … the shirts, pants, kerchiefs and sundry undergarments. One congressman a couple of years back turned up on the …
The Roosevelts: An Intimate History BluRay DVD Cover

9/24/2014: At the Movies: Catching Up With The Roosevelts

… of Theodore, Franklin, and Eleanor Roosevelt, the latter one of the most important female political figures of the 20 … we think about this political family, but it is a mostly comprehensive overview in Ken Burns’ trademark engaging … for political gain as out of goodwill. By only focusing on one aspect of FDR’s character, The Roosevelts leaves him a …
Slobodan Milosevic, just after signing the Dayton Agreement

Lessons from the Holocaust Are Relevant to the Crisis in Kosovo

… examples from history are relevant to the present crisis, none is as significant as a great European tragedy that … terrain. When the war did not progress as planned, military commitments escalated. America’s credibility had to be … of the so-called “lessons of the past” presently being bandied about. It concerns the West’s response to the …
President Kennedy surrounded by cameramen after signing the Cuba Quarantine Order on October 23, 1962.

How Bush Might Have Profited from Kennedy’s Example

… in the quality of American presidential leadership than comparison of John F. Kennedy’s handling of the Cuban … with nuclear war, he clung to American ideals, violating no one’s rights. He placed some restrictions on the press but … reinforced the image of the United States as an arrogant superpower, stimulated anger in the Arab world, and …
President George Bush signing deregulation papers with gas company employees looking on

Texas, Enron, and Energy Monopolies

… and stories of families going days without power as the Lone Star State’s electricity system faltered in the middle … least some of the blame can go to the now-disgraced energy company, Enron, and its misuse of long-held American … competition to the U.S. retail market for electricity, one of the last great monopolies.” In a letter to the …

Blue, Black, and Green: Inflation and the Fate of Argentina

… inflation rate in South America next to Venezuela. “Everyone is already suffering from higher costs for food, rents, … where tourists and porteños (inhabitants of Buenos Aires) come to exchange currency. As one walks the streets, the … of inflation and devaluation, Rosas slashed public subsidies and public works. A proponent of small government, …
Cover of Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North by Thomas J. Sugrue.

Movement North

Review of Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North, by Thomas J. Sugrue (New York: Random House, 2008)
… and Martha Biondi have published important case studies on civil rights in the urban North, Sugrue offers the … lived in the urban North, but the black population burgeoned during the Great Migration of the 1910s and 1920s and … never passive victims.  From the very beginning of black community development in the North, African Americans fought …
First Cabinet of President Barack Obama in the White House East Room.

The Distant Horizon of a President

… were calling Barack Obama’s presidency a failure after only one year. His signature health care initiative was stalled; … cautious, thoughtful Obama was just plain weak, or worse: incompetent. Well, health care legislation has passed, the … ups and downs look so consequential and permanent. Everyone’s attention span is short. But the complex job of the …
The Prima Porta Statue shows a powerful and youthful Augustus making an address

Celebrating Roman Emperor Augustus

… August 19, 14 CE, the most influential man in Roman history died. Augustus began his career by fomenting a civil war, … forming a military junta, then violently eliminating any competition before fighting the other members of the junta. … by his cunning, as if he became a monarch with hardly anyone noticing. But, while we have little record of what …
This Dutch UNPROFOR observation post in Srebrenica took heavy fire from Bosnian Serb troops in 1995.

Srebrenica and its Memory

In July 1995, in the final days of the Bosnian War, over 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys were killed in the Srebrenica massacre.
… Gravestones at the Potočari genocide memorial near Srebrenica. In … legacies that acts of violence leave on individuals and communities, and the importance of remembering and … the UN peacekeeping compound in Potočari. Dutch UNPROFOR soldiers help Bosniak refugees board a jeep in July 1995. That …
The Benin Bronzes in the African Gallery at the British Museum.

LOOT: Colonial Collections and African Restitution Debates

… North to share collections. Ironically, it was the shortcomings of a UNESCO convention that brought M’Bow to this … of African cultural heritage. He subsequently commissioned Senegalese academic Felwine Sarr and French art … context. Collecting, in this sense, could involve soldiers, missionaries, colonial administrators, African …