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… officers as presidential contenders. Generals who have become president (there were ten, six of them notable as commanders) have usually succeeded by presenting themselves … Confederacy’s surrender at Appomattox, he squelched his soldiers’ gloating, telling them that “the rebels are our …

… and natural theology was a debate within the scientific community of the day. Within the modern scientific community, there is no debate; biologists disagree on the … that evolution cannot explain, scientists will not become modern-day natural theologians in droves. Instead, …

… are being built in Brazil and China, while campaigns to decommission dams are gaining traction in the United States … not fund the dam’s construction in 1956, he signaled an uneasy relationship between the United States and Egypt, … useable hydraulic head of over 200 meters.   10.  Nature’s Tallest Dam: Usoi Dam, Tajikistan Map of Lake Sarez and Usoi …

… in Kansas where few noticed the signs of the pandemic to come amid the ongoing war. On March 4, 1918 company cook … men were gathered for basic training. Within days, 522 soldiers reported sick and by the end of the month 1,100 soldiers were admitted to hospital with influenza. The wartime …

… governmental upheavals after 1911.  Mao Zedong and the Communist Party’s Rise to Victory During the 1920s and … in China, particularly in urban centers. Although the Communists (CCP) had to retreat to rural areas, the party … most of the new migrants to Taiwan were professional soldiers who came from various Chinese provinces, the majority …

… and political crimes. One can only hope that subsequent studies follow up on the leads the author has provided. The … politicians, arms dealers, and bureaucrats, among others, committed heretofore underappreciated crimes in the waning … none of the men I interviewed suggested that they were completely blameless, they did give the impression that any …

… Arabic, European, and Persian architectural styles, the complex embodied purposefully Egypt's place at the crossroads of the … was known of the man beyond the fact that he had visited a website associated with radical Islam—but his name was …

… On 20 November 1975, Spanish General Francisco Franco died in bed, signaling the unceremonious end of one of … of the Fallen is a mass burial site that was designed to commemorate the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) as a … opponents. By the war’s end, 350,000 Spaniards had died as a result of the conflict and another 500,000 had …

… enact this substantial change to Title I. This 35-year-old compensatory education legislation has failed to reach its … that would improve public schools. Rep. Caleb R. Layton’s comments during a debate in 1922 on a proposal to combat … and the editor of the Federal Education Policy History website. He is the author of "Failing Grades: The Federal …

… Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence will, once again, command center stage. It will be quoted and read in its … who might be persuaded to aid the American cause. Paine’s audience was less refined. They were the common people who … and a testament to the will of the common people — an audience to which Jefferson, for all his brilliance as a …

… capitals and Washington, D.C., to protest the federal income tax. As their name implies and their banners state, … than they realize. But they’re dead wrong in their main complaint: today’s tax policies are a direct result of what … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …

… Before 1600 (the period most of the English precedents come from), of course, one has to be careful when using … is a distinct possibility that William II was assassinated) died violent deaths at the hands of their subjects. Some, … quietly murdered. Others, like Richard I and Richard III, died fighting the rebels. Another two, King Stephen in 1141 …

… In November 2009 that angry fragment of the party is embodied by Sarah Palin, Michele Bachmann, Joe Wilson and their … They have shown no inclination toward the kind of compromise that characterized President Reagan on issues … gubernatorial campaign Ronald Reagan declared his 11th Commandment, “Thou shalt not speak ill of any fellow …

… United States. The press, the government, and the medical community claim, often and loudly, that these numbers augur … Neither of these conclusions was foregone; both were expedient answers to social and political pressures. Indeed, … on Aging gave way to the language of political expediency. The problem was no longer dependency, but poverty …

… to take action against Iraq should that nation fail to comply with UN arms inspectors, one arresting question … fight for freedom. By 1824 American citizens had become involved. The American “Hellenes” began to hold public … freedom in a global struggle with the Soviet Union and its Communist allies. Both the Soviet Union and America’s …

… was the reinterpretation of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Comparing President Kennedy’s action and President Bush’s … administration lacks the kind of documentary evidence that compelled Kennedy to act. Kennedy resisted the use of force even when advisers went beyond recommending air strikes on the missile installations and …

… are ruthlessly terrorizing Nuevo Laredo and other border communities. In the past, though, security-first strategies … fare any better. In Mexico as in Colombia, the obstacles to combating the drug trade go well beyond a simple lack of … a solution based predominantly on military assistance. Overcoming them requires a better-rounded and more complete …

… as the war drags on and Americans and Iraqis continue to die. The term "shock and awe" is in keeping with a … Smith returned to England, proclaiming his mission accomplished; but the Virginia Indian wars lasted for decades. … this terror from the air." Any society would experience "a complete breakdown," as civilians, seeking to end their …

… been a minor Jewish festival. Yet this holiday — which commemorates the successful Israelite revolt in the second … assimilate into the prevailing Hellenistic culture — has become “the Jewish Christmas.” How did this happen? And is it … Sabbath. Sklare attributed the holiday’s popularity to its easy accommodation to Christmas rituals and its …

… weapons. A breakthrough on this critical issue could come as part of an overall commitment toward deeper, verifiable nuclear arms cuts. Such a commitment could also be aided by the Comprehensive Nuclear …

… The 1972 Munich Olympics were billed as Die Heiteren Spiele —the “Happy Games.” West Germans hoped … met to plan Operation “Ikrit and Biram” under mission commander “Issa,” Arabic for Jesus. Ikrit and Biram were two … the Village fence. Despite Israeli wrestling judge Yossef Gutfreund’s efforts to block the way, the terrorists pushed …

… Salman Rushdie’s novel Midnight’s Children features a memorable … of waterways serves as a metaphor for the subcontinent’s complicated post-colonial coming of age. Favoring academic history over Rushdie’s magical realism, Keay’s work examines the history of …

… infection, caused by Vibrio cholerae, caused patients’ bodies to waste away in a matter of hours due to sudden … the poor’s living conditions. In Great Britain, Poor Law Commissioner Edwin Chadwick, from the miasma school, began … sewer design for stopping the spread. One point had become especially clear: sanitation was key to creating a …

… will likely preoccupy future historians for years to come. While a number of factors contributed to his … The Republican Presidential Debates brought in record audiences. The news media’s obsession with Trump is … expansive view of the First Amendment that protected the audience’s positive right to information as much as …