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Cover of Fears of a Setting Sun: The Disillusionment of America's Founders by Dennis C. Rasmussen

Such a Disappointment

Review of Fears of a Setting Sun: The Disillusionment of America’s Founders, by Dennis C. Rasmussen (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2021)
… by the idea that the present seems pretty terrible in comparison with the past, even if that past is mythic or not … Dennis Rasmussen’s book Fears of a Setting Sun is the book for you. The sub-title – The Disillusionment of America’s … thing, and Rasmussen pairs each founder with a particular complaint. For Washington, it was partisanship. Even as he …
Napoleon, Tsar Alexander I of Russia, and King Frederick William III and Queen Louise of Prussia in Tilsit.

The Global Reach of the Napoleonic Wars

Review of The Napoleonic Wars: A Global History, by Alexander Mikaberidze (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… Wars are remembered primarily as European affairs, and for good reasons. The wars and the politics around them led … impact outside Europe than in it, he nevertheless makes a compelling case for viewing these wars as events of truly … campaigns, particularly in 1805-1806, but Mikaberidze points out that the anti-French powers were even more …
Cerro Rico of Potosí, c.1603. Courtesy Hispanic Society of America

“Mountains of Water:” The Great 1626 Potosí Flood

… Pacific surface temperature cycles and the Little Ice Age , forced expansion of the reservoir catchment area. Notably, … structures made from this earthen material were common throughout the Andes, and they were generally … The great “machine” of Potosí, as seventeenth-century visitors called it, was powered by seasonal precipitation, …
The Rodina crew. Left to right: Polina Osipenko, Valentina Grizodubova, and Marina Raskova.

The Rodina Flight

The Remarkable Story of the Women’s Non-Stop Long-Distance Flight Record
… setting the non-stop long-distance flight record for women at 26 hours 29 minutes flown and 4,008 miles … miles in a straight line).  Plans for the women’s flight commenced three months earlier in August 1938. Valeriy … in transport missions, rather than in combat.  During his visit with female pilots of the Krasnodar Aviation School in …
President Carter shakes hands with General Torrijos of Panama after signing the Panama Canal Treaty

The Missing "Third" of the Third World

Review of Latin America and the Global Cold War, by Thomas C. Field, Jr., Stella Krepp, and Vanni Pettinà (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2020)
… War (2020). The “fruit of a multinational, multilingual effort by fifteen scholars,” this collection of essays … and development. Latin America is a vast region comprising 33 individual countries in the southern half of … fields of Latin American, Third World, and Cold War history points the way toward much future research. With memorable …
Cover of Trotsky A Biography by Robert Service.

Trotsky: A Biography

Review of Trotsky: A Biography, by Robert Service (Cambridge, MA, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009)
… humane. Robert Service, professor of Russian History at Oxford University, counters such speculative thinking with his new biography on Trotsky. Coming after his previous biographies on Lenin and Stalin, … to Siberia. In 1902, after reading Iskra , the Marxist newspaper edited by Lenin and Georgi Plekhanov (1857-1918), …
Indian bicycle troops are pictured at the Somme in 1916

The Amritsar Massacre

… civilians in Punjab were shot by British soldiers under the command of the now infamous “Butcher of Amritsar.” British colonial reforms in 1919 endeavored to “reward” the people of India for … Nehru and his son Jawaharlal, and a man who would soon become very well known—Mohandas K. Gandhi. In 1919, Gandhi was …
A scene from the revolution

The People Power Revolution, Philippines 1986

For a moment, everything seemed possible. From February 22 … since well before Marcos’s declaration of martial law. Committed activists who organized underground in the … in Philippine history, a moment filled with the sense of unlimited hope and possibility. And for those with …
The Slave Trade by Auguste Francois Biard (1833).

When Free Trade Meant Something Else

Review of Not Made by Slaves: Ethical Capitalism in the Age of Abolition, by Bronwen Everill (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2020)
… year, not only in the history of the United States but also for the genesis of American capitalism. 1619 saw the arrival … the global economy. This conversation has raised uncomfortable questions about contemporary businesses and … through labeling, imagery, and publications in abolitionist newspapers. These efforts were designed to convince buyers …
President Theodore Roosevelt helped solidify conservation as a national agenda item along with preservationist John Muir.

Executive Conservation

Review of Presidents and the American Environment, by Otis L. Graham, Jr. (Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 2015)
… of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. To the west, steep forested peaks with crystal-clear lakes and streams. To the … a successful and rewarding career with the United States Forest Service, that my many happy memories of camping, … onto both parties’ national agendas for decades to come and FDR splicing “conservation into the Democratic …
The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi Book Cover

Clashing Shades of Red

Review of The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008)
… Here's an essay question for you.  When future generations look back on our times, … if you're familiar with an economics textbook or read the newspaper on a semi-regular basis.  China is positioned much … in the Cold War — it drove decision-making within the communist bloc through the 1950s.  For Lüthi, alternative …
Abraham Lincoln

Top Ten Origins: The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

… a strong hold on the imagination of the American public. To commemorate “Honest Abe,” Origins offers ten of the most … , and John F. Kennedy(1963). JFK’s murder was a touchstone for anyone who was alive at that moment. Lincoln’s passing … with the biggest questions himself, leaving a few glancing comments about such landmarks as the Emancipation …
Here, a bus broadcasts the anti-apartheid message to Londoners in 1989.

Inequality After Apartheid

Review of Apartheid Guns and Money: A Tale of Profit, by Hennie van Vuuren (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019)
… In societies that have undergone major political transformations—away from systems of oppression and towards … politicians, arms dealers, and bureaucrats, among others, committed heretofore underappreciated crimes in the waning … proposal dressed up as public diplomacy” in 1985 and who visited the country the following year. When approached in …
The U.S.-Economic Cooperation Administration created numerous posters to promote the Marshall Plan in Europe. This one, depicting the flags of various Western European countries receiving Marshall Plan aid, was produced in 1950.

The Marshall Plan

… into law on April 3, 1948. The Marshall Plan, as it’s more commonly known, was intended to revive the economies of … Italy, and West Germany, the program was an ambitious foreign aid effort and an unprecedented display of U.S. … However, in underscoring its accomplishments, the latest references to the Marshall Plan neglect its more …
Holding a copy of ”Selected Works of Mao Zedong," Red Guards are featured on the cover of a Guangxi elementary school textbook, 1971.

"Mao's Last Revolution": China's Cultural Transformation

… the reinstatement of political control via revolutionary committees supported by the military. The Cultural … aiming not only at political upheaval but also the transformation of social and cultural life through Mao Zedong … and others—including the Chinese Communist Party’s official newspaper, the People’s Daily —chose May 16 as the date when …
Liu Bang, or Emperor Gaozu of Han

Liu Bang, from Peasant Rebel to Emperor

… individuals do change the course of history through sheer force of will – not to mention a remarkable degree of luck. … of China’s greatest imperial dynasty was, like Mao, a commoner. As with many dynastic founders, it is difficult to … born a peasant. Thus few details about his life before becoming emperor exist. Whereas his great rival for the …

Russia and the Race for the Arctic

… and the Russian flag should be here." Huddled together for warmth, a dozen Russian explorers had just raised their … understand why there is all this noise in the international community. If anyone wants to plant a flag down there, they're welcome to. There's plenty of room." In Moscow, he told a group …
On August 8, 1918, 17,000 German soldiers surrendered to the Allies.

November 11, 1918: The End of World War I?

… World War . Or so the story goes. In January 1918, after forty-one months of combat, Allied troops were ready for a ceasefire, but they … been touched by death. Oftentimes, there was no grave to visit and no body upon which to perform funereal rights that …
scene from the video game Valiant Hearts, The Great War

Top Ten Origins: Historically Themed Video Games

… begun to see the value of video games as legitimate sources for historical engagement. Origins looks at ten history … (1994) Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI) began developing computer games in 1979, but only established itself as a … has grades for each skill set (politics, war, etc.), body points to simulate the ruler’s health, and a set limit on …
Cover of The Blue Tattoo: The Life of Olive Oatman by Margot Mifflin.

Taking it on the Chin

Review of The Blue Tattoo: The Life of Olive Oatman, by Margot Mifflin (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009)
… were exhausted, and all but the Oatman family opted to stay for at least a few weeks to recover.  The Oatmans, led by … Olive remade herself into a proper Victorian lady, complete with a child (the couple adopted) and a beautiful … transitions. For more information on Mifflin and her work, visit: …

The Roots of Venezuela's Failing State

… experience hyperinflation . Despite the government’s best efforts to continue payments, a crippling debt default also … in 2016. Diphtheria, once thought eradicated, has made a comeback . By some estimates, 2.5 million people have left … from a hybrid regime—a type of political system that combines democratic traits with autocratic ones— into pure …