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Kosovo is located to the south of Serbia.

The Perils of Breaking Away

… in the next several months, Kosovo is going to receive international approval for its quest to become an independent … independence provided the impetus for creating a new international consensus for handling separatist conflicts. Today, the international community is supposed to respect existing states’ …
A group of Turkish refugees from 1913 standing in a group outside

The Treaty of Lausanne and the End of the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire’s collapse unfolded over years of war, upheaval, and ethnic conflict. The 1923 Treaty of Lausanne recognized the new Republic of Turkey, redrew the region’s political order, and helped shape the modern Middle East.
… shattered long-standing multiethnic coexistence, and fueled nationalist movements that led to the abolition of the Ottoman dynasty. Following the nationalist victory under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the 1923 … of Lausanne replaced the Treaty of Sèvres, secured international recognition for the new Republic of Turkey, and …
Hiroshima after the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city.

Terrorism: A New Kind of War?

… strategy during the Cold War was designed to deter the Soviet Union from attacking the United States and its allies by … on New York City and Washington were committed by a transnational organization. But it is hard to imagine that such a … Global/Transnational
Flag of the Republic of Venezuela (1930-2006)

An End to Interventionism in Venezuela

… money to the opposition through the U.S. taxpayer-funded National Endowment for Democracy. Chavez has accused his … Diplomacy/International Relations …
Hospital workers

Corona in context: Lessons from the SARS Pandemic of 2003

Soon after SARS was discovered, labs around the world shared information in search of a cure.
… in part, by Ohio Humanities, a state affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any views, findings, … in this content do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities.   … Global/Transnational … International Organizations …
Two women in masks in 1918

The 1918 Flu Pandemic

Estimates suggest that this flu claimed as many as 50 million lives around the world between 1918 and 1919.
… in part, by Ohio Humanities, a state affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any views, findings, … in this content do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities. … Global/Transnational
An HIV AIDS patient in Mozambique

What HIV Teaches Us: The Need for Affordable Health Care

HIV and COVID-19 have both laid bare that stark racial disparities exist in population health and in access to quality medical care in the US.
… in part, by Ohio Humanities, a state affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any views, findings, … in this content do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities.       … Global/Transnational … International Organizations …
Emperor Nero

The Ancient Roman Origins of Government Disaster Response

After a devasting fire in Rome in 64 CE, Emperor Nero successfully rebuilt the city.
… in part, by Ohio Humanities, a state affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any views, findings, … in this content do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities. …
Plague doctor mask

The Black Death and Its Aftermath

When it was over, the populations of Europe, China, and India were cut by a third to a half.
… in part, by Ohio Humanities, a state affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any views, findings, … in this content do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities. …
“Aux amateurs de physique.” Likewise portraying the Tuileries flight, this cartoon mocks the unwashed masses who wished to see the spectacle without a ticket, but the scaling of the garden walls also illustrates how the balloon as a “people-machine” ignited the determination of the poorer, disempowered social strata to overcome restraints imposed on them by the authoritarian regime.

Public Perceptions: Ballooning and Political Culture

Review of The Imagined Empire: Balloon Enlightenments in Revolutionary Europe, by Mi Gyung Kim (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016)
… in Revolutionary Europe , the balloon became the national artifact of late eighteenth-century France , …
1935 cartoon by Vaughn Shoemaker in which he parodied the New Deal as a card game with alphabetical agencies.

The Auto Bailout: a Bad Deal

… created jobs for the unemployed, while others, such as the National Industrial Recovery Act's industrial policy, helped …
President Richard Nixon

Republican Character

Review of Republican Character: From Nixon to Reagan, by Donald T. Critchlow (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018)
… poor electoral timing led to consistent shortcomings on the national stage. Critchlow compares Nixon and Rockefeller in …
Cover of The Invisible Bridge by Rick Perlstein

There Are No Heroes Here: American Malaise in the Seventies

Review of The Invisible Bridge: The Fall of Nixon and the Rise of Reagan, by Rick Perlstein (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2014)
… the political arena—all the more at a low-point in American national confidence. So despite all the malaise of the … finds that old-time religion just in time to run for national office. And the burgeoning conservative movement …
Book Cover of For Peace and Money French and British Finance in the Service of Tsars and Commissars By: Jennifer Siegel

12/15/2014: Hot off the Presses: Peace, Money, and Tsars

… and government loans to Russia, making it the foremost international debtor country in pre-World War I Europe. To … the Anglo-French relationship, and, ultimately, on international relations in the twentieth century, was grim and … Diplomacy/International Relations …
Nuuk, Greenland skyline with the aurora borealis.

Greenland Fantasies

… protectorate of Norway in 1261 CE. Following the personal union of Norway and Denmark in 1380, power shifted south to … Land.” The dispute went to the Permanent Court of International Justice, which decreed in 1933 that Denmark had … were recognized as a distinct people under international law.  In 2012, Greenlandic became the sole official …
Pieter Bruegel the Elder's 1562 painting "The Triumph of Death" depicts the turmoil Europe experienced as a result of the plague.

The Black Death and its Aftermath

… It also set the stage for the rise of stronger national identities and ultimately for the Reformation that … the 1721 plague outbreak in Marseille. As with the rise of national universities, the building of quarantine structures … in part, by Ohio Humanities, a state affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any views, findings, …
Capture of the Pirate Blackbeard, 1718 depicting the battle between Blackbeard and Robert Maynard in Ocracoke Bay; romanticized depiction by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris from 1920.

Why Piracy Remains a Threat

… The anti-militarism of the 1780s gave way to a more nationalistic spirit, but as a concession to older attitudes … really state-sanctioned privateers whose profits went into national treasuries. Because Somalian pirates are not …
Turkish soldiers standing over skeletal remains during Armenian Genocide

Armenians, Turks, and the Genocide Question

… in 1923, with its aggressive focus on secular Turkish nationalism. The Armenians, meanwhile, have long called for … the complexities of the label genocide in history and international law. So stay tuned.   Dr. Ronald Grigor Suny   I'm … Convention from 2006". And I've been involved in some international litigation in relation to genocide.   Leticia …